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21st Nov 2004
Cloud-dwelling Bacteria, & Ozone Holes
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In today's show, we discuss the weather, climate change, and the hole in the ozone layer. From the University of East London Drs. Tom Hill and Bruce Moffett discuss how they have discovered cloud-living bacteria that could be responsible for triggering rainfall, and Dr. Brian Gardiner, from the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) describes how he and 2 colleagues first discovered the ozone hole in the mid 1980's, why it forms in Antarctica, and how CFCs contribute to ozone-depletion. Also, Rosemary joins us to talk about the benefits of Aloe Vera, and space scientist Dr. Julian Osbourne drops in to tell us about the launch of Swift, a satellite intended to look for gamma-ray bursts (GRBs).
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Science News
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Scientists at Johns Hopkins in the US announced this week that stem cell therapy can be used effectively to treat heart damage caused by heart attacks (known as myocardial infa... |
Questions

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Why do bubbles stick together in soapy water ?
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Bubbles are made of an oily substance from. Oily substances like other oily substances just like water likes water. Oil and water don't like mixing, so bubbles stick together and exclude water. The chemistry is similar to how people like to mix with groups of friends, but they don't like to mix with strangers. Soap has an oily bit it sticks into grease and grime. It also has an acid bit on the other end that likes water. Because you have these two parts on one bit of soap, you manage to drag the grease into the water and make these 2 things that don't like to mix, mix together - which is how soap works.
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How can we tell what noises the dinosaurs make ?
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The reason you hear those sounds on TV is to make it more interesting. We know dinosaurs probably made noises because they had very good sense of hearing. If you look at dinosaur fossil skulls, you can trace their ear canals and work out where their ears would have been and the kinds of sound they would have responded to. If they could hear sounds, they could probably make sounds. In the late 90's scientists put a fossil through a CT scanner to look at the bone structure. The headpiece was a series of intricately connected tubes a bit like organ pipes. They analysed the structure of these canals and airways, and used a computer to model what would happen if air were blown past. They found that the dinosaur could probably have produced low pitched rumbling noises that could have carried a long way. So what we use for dinosaur sounds on TV is what can be inferred from studying the shape of their fossilised remains, with a bit of artistic license thrown in.
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Can aspartame, the food sweetner, cause or worsen epilepsy ?
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Aspartame is made when the amino acids phenylalanine and alanine are glued together and a methanol group is added on the side. Aspartame stimulates sweetness receptors on the tongue. But when you eat it, it breaks down releasing the 2 amino acids - alanine and phenylalanine, and the methanol. Methanol is poisonous to the brain, so people are concerned that it might make nervous problems worse. To test this, they looked at epileptics. Half were given a harmless placebo and half were given aspartame. There was no increase in the number of seizures amongst the people given aspartame so it probably doesn't cause, or exacerbate epilepsy. It might pickle your brain though, if you ate it in large enough quantities.
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| Interviews
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NEW SATELLITE TO SEEK OUT GAMMA RAY BURSTS (GRBs) - Dr. Julian Osbourne
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THE WHOLE STORY - Brian Gardiner
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Bruce Moffett and Tom Hill
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Fact or Fiction
Milk can be used to make glue
 
It's True - 7 parts milk added to 1
part vinegar causes the milk to congeal into a slimy substance which,
once you pour off the excess liquid, will stick things together. An even
smellier alternative is to resort to the older method of melting horses
hooves !
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You lose a brain cell every second
 
It's True - it all adds up because
the average person loses about 31 million brain cells from the main part
of their cerebral cortex every year.
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The earth spins at about 10,000 miles per hour
 
It's False - The circumference
of the Earth (how far it is around the equator) is about 25,000 miles.
The Earth completes 1 revolution every 24 hours, meaning that it is spinning
at about 1000 miles per hour. It has slowed down a bit - at the time of
the dinosaurs, about 100 million years ago, days were much shorter and
lasted only about 16 hours.
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The weight of all the insects on earth is about the same as the weight
of all the people
 
It's False - The weight of all the earth's insects
is 12 times the weight of all the people. Yuck.
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The tallest bridge in the world is higher than the Eiffel Tower
 
It's True - The Millau viaduct in southern France crosses the River Tarn
at a height of 336 metres, dwarfing the Eiffel Tower, and the 228 metre
Golden Gate Bridge.
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Bombardier beetles are so called because they ward-off attackers by
setting off a series of explosions
 
It's True - The Bombardier beetle
releases from glands at its rear 2 chemicals which explode on mixing to
produce a burning vile-smelling reddish spray - the insect equivalent
of CS gas !
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Inventors have built a pair of high-tech sunglasses which double as
an MP3 player so you can listen to all your favourite tunes whilst enjoying
protection from the sun
 
It's True - Called 'Thump', the £300 shades
from Oakley are the world's first digital audio glasses. They contain
an MP3 player and ear-piece speakers attached to the arms. You connect
them to your home computer to upload up to 4 hours of music which you
can listen to at your leisure
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