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9th Jan 2005
Addiction & Anti-Nicotine Vaccines
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Today's guests include Dr Campbell Bunce, from Xenova, who joins us to talk about vaccines to prevent nicotine and cocaine addiction, Cambridge University's Prof. Barry Everitt, who works on the brain mechanisms of addiction, and Prof. Lawrence Whalley, from the University of Aberdeen, who has been looking into how smoking can dimish brain power as you age. Also joining us on the show is Prof. Mark Griffiths, from Nottingham Trent University, the UK's only professor of gambling addiction, who asks whether gambling can genuinely be considered an addiction, like nicotine or heroin.
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Questions

Does the nicotine vaccine stop the cravings to smoke?
Probably not. The mechanism works by stopping the effects, and so might actually increase the cravings. The vaccine is probably best used in combination with something that helps with the withdrawal symptoms. However, by stopping the effects, it also helps to break the cycle of reinforcement. Eventually this may lead to people stopping people smoking because it does nothing to help the cravings.

Are fizzy and sweet drinks addictive?
Coca Cola, most other fizzy drinks and cold remedies contain huge amount of caffeine. This is a legal drug that gives you energy and perks you up. This is why taking certain 'flu remedies make you feel more awake and generally much better. These are similar effects to those found when drinking coffee. There are specific receptors in your brain for caffeine. These interact with a part of the brain that uses the reward-chemical dopamine, the same system activated by drugs such as cocaine. Although caffeine and cocaine don't give the same kind of rush effect, both have a common mechanism. It's also worth bearing in mind that tea also contains a lot of caffeine.

Nicorette gum has helped me to give up smoking. What happens if I get addicted to the gum?!
Nicotine gum is useful because it provides a bridge while you are trying to stop. It won't cure your addiction but helps ease the withdrawal symptoms. At the end of the day, the gum doesn't cause damage like smoking does, and so the gum is a much better option. Smoking causes a third of all cancers and the total number of deaths attributable to smoking is 120 000 per year. This is roughly the same as those washed away in the tsunami and is the same as a jumbo jet crashing in this country every day. Smoking does cause lung cancer, but most people don't live long enough to get it: they die of heart disease long before this.
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