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30th Jan 2005
Space Science & Extraterrestrial Life
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On today's show we go in search of life's origins, extraterrestrial life, and the ingredients that make a planet a good home with astronomer Dr. Simon Goodwin, from the University of Cardiff, and Dr. Monica Grady, from the Natural History Museum, London. Also joining us on the programme are theoretical physicist Professor Michio Kaku, from City University New York, to discuss the possible existence of parallel universes, and NASA plant scientist Dr. Volker Kern, who describes interesting results when moss grows in the absence of gravity aboard a spaceship...
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News
A novel approach could soon be adopted by scientists in the race to save endangered pandas - the iconic trademark of the conservation movement. Scientists have almost completed the world's first panda blood bank which is being built at the Woolong Nature Reserve in So...
On average women outlive men by 5 years, but why ? A study from a team of scientists lead by Professor David Goldspink from Liverpool University studied 250 men and women of various ages and found that, between the ages of 17 and 70, the male heart loses around a thir...
Researchers studying the giant Australian cuttlefish have found that males of the species often successfully resort to the marine equivalent of cross-dressing to father offspring. During the mating season, fertile females are usually jealously guarded by large males, ...
On average women outlive men by 5 years, but why ? A study from a team of scientists lead by Professor David Goldspink from Liverpool University studied 250 men and women of various ages and found that, between the ages of 17 and 70, the male heart loses around a thir...
A toxic chemical used to prevent barnacles from clinging to the bottoms of boats may be causing whales to go deaf and to beach themselves, according to a study by scientists at Yale University. TBT, or tributyl tin, is banned in many countries because it was found to ...
Chris - You work on the concept of parallel universes... Michio - People have often wondered whether there is a carbon copy of us elsewhere that's leading a different life. This idea was often laughed at, but this doesn't happen at physics conferences anymore! ...
Questions

If a meteorite hit the earth, could life be blown onto other planets?
You need to travel at 11 metres per second to escape form Earth's gravity. It is much harder to blow things off the Earth than it is Mars, although it is potentially possible to go from Earth to Mars. Humans might even be doing it accidentally when we send satellites up into space: sometimes they get hit with things and things like paint might flake off. However, once above the atmosphere, everything we send up is sterilised by radiation. And space scientists do as much as they can to prevent space becoming contaminated.

Do you think it's possible that future man could have conquered time travel and be coming back to look at us?
Anything is possible. There are a number of theories about how we can travel through time but they usually involve going into the future using the theory of relativity. Essentially, this involves going so fast that your body clock slows down. When you stop moving so quickly, everything around you will have aged but you will be only a little bit older. In this way, you are able to travel into the future. Another method that has been suggested is to go to a black hole and go out the other end of it. Stephen Hawking doesn't believe time travel is possible because we would have seen people from the future if it were true. A lot of equations in physics don't work backwards, so going back in time seems unlikely. It would be very difficult.

Could bomb testing make the world fall apart or cause tsunamis?
I think it is very unlikely. The energy needed to cause something like a tsunami is huge, and to make the world fall apart it would need to be even bigger. It might be possible to cause a tsunami if a bomb was planted in a particular place and the Earth's plates moved. This would require considerable planning, so a tsunami shouldn't be caused by bomb testing, unless it was many times bigger than Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
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