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25th Apr 2010
Archaeogenetics - The Past in Our Genes
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We explore the marriage of archaeology and genetics in this week's Naked Scientists, finding out how modern genetic techniques are helping to reveal more about our past. We ask what archaeogenetics can tell us about human origins and migration as well as the diseases that evolved alongside us. We explore the genome of a 4000 year old man, which tells us he had dry earwax! Also, new data that could help to predict the Asian monsoon, why dreams help you to remember and how it feels to be a pill - after you've been swallowed. Plus, why many of us might have a little bit of Neanderthal in our genes!
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News
Researchers this week have presented, for the first time, a record of Asian Monsoon data stretching over 700 years. The Asian Monsoon affects nearly five billion people each year but it involves a huge weather system and it’s very hard to predict how it will change each year. Until now, there’s been...
Have you ever found that the advice to “sleep on it” turns out to be true, whether it's solving a problem or trying to learn something? We've known for some time that sleep helps us to remember things, by helping the brain to file away and strengthen memories. Now new research from Erin Wamsley at H...
This week researchers in an international team from Switzerland, the Czech Republic and the US have managed to measure the forces felt by a small pill as it travels through the intestines.
Stem cells research is a really exciting area of science, and one we often cover on the show. Now new research published in the journal Nature reports an important step forward in our understanding of stem cells, and how we might be able to use them in the future.
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Questions

Where and when did all the different human ancestor species originate?
We put this question to Professor Lord Colin Renfrew:
Colin - Well the fascinating thing is that the fossil remains give us a very clear picture and most of them originated in Africa. There was a theory that to maybe the Homo erectus, form that was about 2 million years ago, might have been ancestral to our species, Homo sapiens. But the DNA helps confirm that you have to go back to Africa to find the ancestors of Homo sapiens. Back to Homo erectus, before that 3 million years ago, Australopithecus... So, Africa is the answer.
Diana - I see and how long ago are we talking? I mean, you mentioned 3 million years.
Colin - Yes. Well, the African ancestors go back before that but things start to happen sort of 3 or 4 million years ago. You’ve got Australopithecus and then you get the first tool makers, which is very important, about 3 million years ago with Homo habilis. So, once you get people making tools – stone tools, that’s when you really feel that you're dealing with our real ancestors.

Does dyeing your hair make it turn white faster?
Kat - No, I think that this isn’t true because hair dye works on your hair which is kind of dead. The bit that produces the colour of your hair is the pigment, the melanin pigment that’s in the hair follicle and this isn’t affected by hair dye. I think probably if you're dyeing your hair, you might notice that you're going grey, the white hairs coming through more or maybe when you stop dyeing it, suddenly you're like, “Crikey! I'm really grey.” But I don't think that dying your hair is actually going to affect your hair follicles. So no, I don't think it makes you go white faster.
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Interviews
A new genetic analysis of nearly 2,000 people from all over the globe suggests that our ancestors interbred with Neanderthals over at least two different periods. Professor Jeffrey Long, from the University of New Mexico, explains more...
Colin Renfrew explains how genetics can be used to learn more about our ancestry...
Helen Donoghue explains how analysing bacteria from ancient fossils can help us learn more about the evolution of disease and human migration...
As well as following the way populations have changed and migrated, we can use modern genetic techniques to really get to know an individual body as long as it’s preserved well enough. Professor Eske Willerslev and his team were able to sequence the genome of a 4000 year old man, Inuk, from just so...
QotW
When someone's date of birth becomes lost in the mist of time - how can you tell how old they are?
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