Naked Science Forum

Non Life Sciences => Physics, Astronomy & Cosmology => Topic started by: chris on 21/12/2006 23:08:36

Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: chris on 21/12/2006 23:08:36
Careful measurements made by bouncing lasers off mirrors placed on the lunar surface have revealed that the moon is moving away from us at about 1cm per year.

Why is the moon migrating further away from Earth, and will it ever "escape" entirely?

Chris
Title: Re: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: ukmicky on 22/12/2006 00:02:28
Hi Chris

I believe it will stop moving away once the earth stops rotating as its the energy it robs from the earth rotation through tidal action, slowly making our days longer which allows it to move away.

Basically i believe it robs energy from the earth through tidal action .The energy its robs is from the earths rotation and the energy it robs from the earth rotation puts energy into its angular momentum causing it to move slowly away from us
Title: Re: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: Heliotrope on 22/12/2006 10:52:35
What is the mechanism of the energy transfer ?
Gravity ?

Title: Re: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: Ophiolite on 22/12/2006 11:07:51
Yes. Gravity, causing the tides and slowing down the Earth's rotation. The angular momentum of the Earth-Moon system must remain the same. As the Earth's rotation slows its angular momentum drops. The moon's angular momentum rises by the same amount, which increases its speed, casuing it to move further away from the Earth.
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: zyh on 08/05/2008 04:12:57
 The moon is moving away from Earth
Due to the tidal forces of weight [gravity] and the tangential component [vortex force] two parts, vortex force to the moon is of increasing angular momentum away from the Earth, this process of angular momentum conservation, therefore slowing down the Earth's rotation cycle. In recent years, some countries in the world after scientists and technical workers in-depth observation and research, found that the moon is gradually away from us, and will be increasingly dark. The United States and France scientists use astronauts landing on the moon in 1969 when the United States placed in the mirror on the moon to measure the results showed that in 28years to the distance between the Earth and the moon increased 1 m, The United States and France the two scientists is the use of accurate time measurement to measurement, the distance between the change, This method of pulsed laser projection, and then to the mirror reflection back on the ground detector, a return of about 2.5 seconds, Constantly measuring return by the time the changes on the distance that can   change. Repeated measurements show that the earth and the moon because of the distance between the earth's surface tidal friction role annual increase of nearly 4 cm. Scientists believe the moon and under the influence of the Earth's gravitational tides produced, this tidal movement on the part of decentralized energy to the Earth's oceans, As a result of this energy - the loss of the campaign on the Moon system be affected, and this is moving away from the Earth's moon reasons. United States 2 geographers through Nautiloid Fossil study also found that the moon is moving away from Earth indeed. The two scientists observed several Nautilus existing fossil study found shellfish on the tree-ring wavy thread with the same performance, Thread at many points, though different width, but on every small wavy line growth in the 30 or so with the modern Lunar exactly the same as the number of days a month. Observed that the Nautilus, wavy lines of a long day, following a month long. Growth in this special two scientists to be greatly inspired, they observed the Nautilus ancient fossils surprised to find that the growth of every parrot the lines traced with the fossil's diminishing. And the age of the same line of Nautilus shell growth has to be fixed. Research shows that the modern Nautilus shell, the growth line is 30, the new generation of Oligocene Nautilus shell , the growth line is 26, Cretaceous Mesozoic is 22, 18 is Jurassic, Paleozoic Carboniferous is 15, Ordovician is nine, Concluded that 420 million years ago before the Ordovician, Paleozoic, and the moon around the Earth only nine days a week. Two geographers According to the Law of Universal Gravitation, such as physics theory, the moon and then calculated the distance between the Earth, Get a result, more than 400 million years ago, the Moon and the distance between the Earth is now only 43%. Scientists have also nearly 3000 to a record of pitting corrosion phenomenon on the calculation, of the findings fully consistent with the reasoning that the moon is gradually away from us.                             
using gravitational& vortex force  the formula to calculate the moon from Earth:
Cos а ≈ 1
Me = 6 × 10 ^ 24kg; month - the distance r = 38.4 × 10 ^ 7M
Mgh = mv^2 / 2 ①
V = at ②
Moon average week: v-= 1 / π ∫ vsin ω td ω t = 2v / π ③
Angular velocity difference: q = 29/30 = 1-1/30
V-= 2at / π; ω = 1 / T
a = KGM ω/ r ^ 2 ④
Mg = GMm / r ^ 2 ⑤
111Daily the moon away from us:  h = 2GK ^ 2Mq / π ^2 r ^ 2
= 2 × 6.67 × 10^-11 × 0.16 ×  6 × 10 ^ 24 × 29 / [38.4 × 10 ^ 7] ^ 2 × 3.14  ^ 2× 30
= 8.51 × 10 ^- 5m
From a year: 8.51 × 365 × 10 ^- 5 = 0.031m
This is close the measured value
Reference: “ mysterious vortex force  - gravity partner  ”Books Author: Zhuyonghuan Publisher: 21st Century Publishing House - China 2005-3
With  Cavendish torsion balance experiment measuring gravity tangential component "and" physical communications 2002.9 "


Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: lyner on 08/05/2008 10:20:24
The reason that tides / rotation transfer energy between Earth and Moon is that they are big enough and near enough to each other that they can't be treated as 'point masses'.
We tend to think of orbits as depending just on the masses and separations but that is an over simplification if you want to get accurate predictions. The 'centre of mass' is a very useful idea but doesn't tell the whole story.
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: turnipsock on 08/05/2008 10:45:58
Hasn't the moons mass been compromised by the various Apollo missions? Increasing the moons mass will cause it to shift into a different orbit, that is maybe what we are seeing.

The way that the distance is being measured is by bouncing a laser off some mirrors on the surface. The calculation is based on the time the light takes to make this trip, however, the lights speed is affected by the density of the atmosphere and this may not be constant. (They may be aware of this and brought this into the calculations though)

Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: that mad man on 08/05/2008 16:39:15
Just speculation but could it be down to the expansion of the universe.

If the moon is moving away from the earth then would not the same be happening with the earth around the sun? Is that why we have to add a second to time every so often?
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: LeeE on 09/05/2008 01:18:46
In the scope of our local vicinity, the expansion of the universe is negligable.  By local vicinity I'm thinking in terms of as far away as the Andromeda galaxy, which is part of our local group, and which is actually moving towards us, or visa-versa perhaps, as it is considered to be more massive than the Milky Way.

The reason we need to add an extra second every now and then is because the orbit of the Earth around the Sun doesn't take exactly 365.25 days and actually varies by a tiny amount depending on the position of the other planets, so adding an extra day every four years isn't quite good enough, even allowing for the 400 and 100 year conditions.
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: neilep on 09/05/2008 02:43:46
Personally , I just think the mirrors are sinking into the moons cheesy crust at the rate of 1cm a year !  [;)]
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: zyh on 09/05/2008 05:23:43
vortex force Introduction of
  In the beginning of the last century, Astrophysicists face a problem, Mercury recently at the precession (Newton's theory deviation of: 43 angle seconds per century ), This is the quote the classics scholars can not explain, and it is not Newton's theory of classical mechanics adopted by a storm. Then only 37-year-old in 1916 Einstein published the《〈basis of general relativity〉》,Schwarzschild Metric German mathematician in the field equations of general relativity to the Mercury precession of the mystery,Mercury precession was therefore established the general theory of relativity early as the first major experiment. Later measured the Earth, Venus and other planets has also point precession of the general theory of relativity and the calculation of anastomosis with good results. Mercury precession and in the light deflection in the gravitational field, the gravitational redshift spectra of the three major criterion known as general relativity.
  In the beginning of the new century, have an astrophysicist at the problems facing the front ,This is NASA launched the "pioneers 10" "Galilean slightly," four spacecraft speed reduction. American scientists through 10 years of observation, found space for the role of a slowdown The effect is tiny - only about one part in 10bn of that due to the Earth's gravity acting on you right now - but it is definitely there. So some scientists questioned Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation, However, while some scientists believe that the best flight path is based on the parameters calculated, it is too early to doubt the basic law. We explore the long-term, in 2001, with Cavendish balance is measured not only by gravity to the component (that is, Newton's gravity), but also the existence of the tangential component, and that formula. To our planet, as an example, in addition to the original gravity (ie to the component), with the rotation of the earth, there are around in the vortex force of its (tangential component) the existence of ,The vortex force of (that is tangential component) and the Earth's rotation rate is proportional relationship.
  In the gravitational theory to elect representatives, it seems that non-Kepler, Newton and Einstein to my mind. It is worth noting that three representatives in the two agree that planets or stars in the rotation around a vortex. Kepler's idea of the same gravity as the car spoke, on the one hand to maintain the planets in their orbits can not run away (ie the components), on the other hand, with the sun's rotation around the sun forced planetary rotation (that is tangential component) . Einstein's general theory of relativity in there is a little-known forecast to be tested, the framework called gravitational drag [frame dragging]. When a planet or star rotation in space, it will drag space-time in its surrounding. This is very like the following example, when you filled with water in the bowl, one ball, and their rotation, the surface will be generated by the friction of water along the direction of rotation drag ball, the ball near the water in the rotation faster, the farther away from the ball, the friction of water drag effect will be weak. Newton's theory does not recognize the planet's rotation a scroll, so could not pass on Newton's theory of the "Mercury precession," this hurdle, a spacecraft can slow down this hurdle, Not only that, in many helpless astronomical phenomena, such as the angular momentum of the solar system, Venus reverse rotation problems…… . Practice is the sole criterion for testing theory, laboratory come to the conclusion also subject to the test of practice can rise to the theory.
  use of vortex & gravitational force formula, explain and calculate the following questions. vortex force of 12 major criterion [quantitative calculation, high school students can master]
1. Mercury precession 43 "per century. (Newton's theory of deviation values.)
 2. Venus precession 8.4 "± 4.8" per century. (Newton's theory of deviation values.)
3. Earth's precession 5.0 "± 1.2" per century. (Newton's theory of deviation values.)
4. "Pioneers 10" four spacecraft speed reduction. ( slowdown by the the acceleration : one part in 10 billion of gravity at Earth's surface )
5.the moon Away from the Earth (3 cm per year).
6. Cycle of the Earth's rotation slows down. (Per hundred years 0.00164 s] ,
7. Coriolis force whereabouts eastward.
 8. Around Mars Phobos campaign cycle to slow down the week 0.1 ms
9. Sun-synchronous orbit satellite orbital plane precession; altitude of 900 km polar orbit satellite orbital plane precession of the daily 1 degree. The orbital plane of the vertical scroll relatively static, the situation in order to prove Scroll of the accuracy of the vortex force and an excellent opportunity.
10. Oblate of the Earth , 5 × 10-5m/s2. On the Global Positioning System GPS satellite orbit produces nearly 10,000 meters every day the impact of this phenomenon of vortex theory can be used to explain and calculate. Satellite orbit calculation of the largest perturbation of the - non-perturbation of the ball, not the flat rate from the Earth, but the role of the vortex.
11. Solar wind acceleration: time to reach the Earth, usually in the jet speed of 450 kilometers per second around.
12. With near 20years explore the more than 300 people each repeated verification; used Cavendish torsion balance measured vortex force of existence, and that formula New gravitational formula in the 2001 :
 F = Fn + Ft
To the weight of Fn = GMm / r ^ 2 -
Tangential component [vortex force] Ft = kGMm ω Cos α / r ^ 2
K = 0.4 for one factor,the unit: sec/Band ;
 ω is the angular velocity rotating ball, the unit: Band / sec;   
α to the orbital inclination.
Reference: “mysterious vortex force- gravity partner ”Books Author: Zhuyonghuan Publisher: 21st Century Publishing House - China 2005-3 "
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: zyh on 17/05/2008 08:28:01
  vortex force:
1.Lab vortex force
  a.used Cavendish torsion balance measured vortex force of existence, and that formula New gravitational formula in the 2001
2.earth vortex force
  a.the moon Away from the Earth (3 cm per year).
  b. Cycle of the Earth's rotation slows down. (Per hundred years 0.00164 s] ,
   c. Coriolis force whereabouts eastward.
  d. Sun-synchronous orbit satellite orbital plane precession; altitude of 900 km polar orbit satellite orbital plane precession of the daily 1 degree. The orbital plane of the vertical scroll relatively static, the situation in order to prove Scroll of the accuracy of the vortex force and an excellent opportunity.
  e. Oblate of the Earth , 5 × 10-5m/s2. On the Global Positioning System GPS satellite orbit produces nearly 10,000 meters every day the impact of this phenomenon of vortex theory can be used to explain and calculate. Satellite orbit calculation of the largest perturbation of the - non-perturbation of the ball, not the flat rate from the Earth, but the role of the vortex.
3.solar vortex force
  a. Mercury precession 43 "per century. (Newton's theory of deviation values.)
  b. Venus precession 8.4 "± 4.8" per century. (Newton's theory of deviation values.)
  c. Earth's precession 5.0 "± 1.2" per century. (Newton's theory of deviation values.)
  d. "Pioneers 10" four spacecraft speed reduction.
  e. Solar wind acceleration: time to reach the Earth, usually in the jet speed of 450 kilometers per second around.
4. Galaxy rotation curve flatness (dark matter, MOND theory).
5.Mars vortex force
  a. Around Mars Phobos campaign cycle to slow down.
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: zyh on 19/05/2008 03:27:34
Mercury precession (Newton's theory deviation of: 43 angle seconds per century )
  1. Kepler's idea of the same gravity as the car spoke, on the one hand to maintain the planets in their orbits can not run away (ie the components), on the other hand, with the sun's rotation around the sun forced planetary rotation (that is tangential component) . I use Cavendish torsion balance has been measured rotating the ball around the vortex of existence, and that formula. Use of vortex force & Newton's gravitational the new formula, explain and calculate a lot of problems. The prediction of general relativity - inertial system drag (frame dragging) should be the vortex force.
  2. By Kepler's idea of the sun's magnetic lines of a similar thing, we may wish to call it gravity line, The sun's rotation gravity-driven rotary, scroll to the transfer of the planets, scroll to the transfer of planets. The planets corner speed is less than the sun's rotation velocity resulting precession. Moon, too, was angular momentum away from Earth. If the satellite is the corner speed of the earth's rotation velocity, the satellite is not cutting gravity line from the vortex of . Geostationary satellite is the case. If the satellite is greater than the corner of the earth's rotation velocity speed, scroll of satellite impede movement, the angular momentum to reduce satellite orbit decay decline , thousands of man-made celestial bodies are so, the Mars satellite Phobos as well.
  3. No rotation of the sun's or rotation corner velocity is less than the rotation corner speed of Mercury, Mercury can not be precession, moving instead to retire. So with the solution of Schwarzschild Mercury precession [Newton's theory of deviation], I can not agree. If the inertial system drag of general theory of relativity to explain the Mercury precession, I think But good. Einstein was the problem with Mercury moving into the capture of the stronghold of Newton, is now a directional errors.
  4. Solve the Mercury precession [Newton's theory of deviation] There are many ways to the present, there is more than 10 domestic, but with the added vortex of gravitational theory to explain primary and secondary school students will be able to understand [qualitative analysis] and high school students can quantitative analysis.
  5. Reflection: no force act, no angular momentum transfer, no energy conversion, the Mercury can precession [Newton's theory of deviation]??
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: zyh on 05/06/2008 03:53:42
  Existing theories are barely even qualitative analysis, not to mention the quantitative calculation about the moon away from the Earth (3 cm per year).
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: zyh on 10/06/2008 02:33:43
 More than 300 years ago, a great scientist Newton  see apple fall and  the moon orbiting the earth movement, Invented the famous law of gravity;Now we observed the moon is to leave the Earth, what feelings ??
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: Make it Lady on 01/09/2008 14:44:04
The moon is moving further from the earth EEEEEEEEK! No one told me. I thought that we would notice that sort of thing, I mean physically as the moon is linked to lots of physical things on Earth.
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: ZHUYH on 03/09/2008 02:58:36
   With near 20years explore the more than 300 people each repeated verification; used Cavendish torsion balance measured vortex force of existence, and that formula New gravitational formula in the 2001 :new formular first solution about Pioneer10 slowdown in 2002-12.



  based on a modified Cavendish experiment. A rotating mass has a vorticity force surrounding it. The force can drive object to move tangentially around a spinning mass. The formula is : KGMmωcosθ/R^2 (K=Vorticity constant=0.4, G=Gravity constant, ω=angular velocity(rev/sec), θ=angle between rotation plane of mass M and m, R=radius).
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: common_sense_seeker on 03/09/2008 10:34:24
The new theory of gravity can explain this effect. See GRAVITY PROBLEM SOLVED in New Theories.
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: kaypep on 04/09/2008 12:45:14
Hahah, here's my noobish but "I think it shouldn't be left out" answer ->

sun is a larger celestial body than moon, so it exerts a larger gravitational pull than earth, hence moon moves away! whee!

BUT, this pull only works when the moon is closer to the sun! on the opposite side, the earth blocks the moon! the moon is further, thus less pull from the sun! the sun pulls the moon back towards the earth! so I don't think it'll escape!
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: lyner on 04/09/2008 15:57:56
Yes. Gravity, causing the tides and slowing down the Earth's rotation. The angular momentum of the Earth-Moon system must remain the same. As the Earth's rotation slows its angular momentum drops. The moon's angular momentum rises by the same amount, which increases its speed, casuing it to move further away from the Earth.

Ophiolite's said it all. Why not accept that this is a perfectly good explanation? And the numbers fit the facts.
Invent a New Theory for something that hasn't been explained yet. Particularly as you don't seem to understand the above argument - which is simpler than yours, zyh.
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: ZHUYH on 05/09/2008 01:34:58
Yes,it is a perfectly good explanation,but only qualitative analysis, not to mention the quantitative calculation about the moon away from the Earth (3 cm per year).
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: common_sense_seeker on 06/09/2008 11:49:29
I can prove that the Standard Model argument which states that the Moon is induced with angular momentum because of the Earth's spin is INCORRECT:

                    WHY IS THE MOON NOT SPINNING THEN??  [::)]

Cheers,

AL

Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: Bored chemist on 06/09/2008 16:36:16
Your "proof" is highly suspect in the first place, but since it rests on the idea that the moon doesn't spin, it is doomed.
You may not have noticed, but the moon spins.
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: common_sense_seeker on 08/09/2008 14:39:35
What is the mechanism for your transfer of angular momentum? If it is by particle, it would have to have a large mass, would it not?

Do gravitons have mass?
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: Bored chemist on 08/09/2008 19:31:43
"If it is by particle, it would have to have a large mass, would it not?"!
No, it would need a lot of momentum, but it might achieve that by having a large velocity.
However it's much more likely that 1 you are a troll and 2 many particles are involved.
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: common_sense_seeker on 09/09/2008 09:49:50
At least some mass then, at least?
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: ZHUYH on 23/09/2008 01:35:50
"A newly discovered universal force can help to develop unified theory

SIR-A newly discovered universal force called “Vorticity” can help to develop unified theory, discussed in your essay “Unravelling string theory”(Nature 438, 1085; 2005) The force was first discovered by Mr. Zhu based on a modified Cavendish experiment. I also used Kepler’s third law to independently deduct its formula later. A rotating mass has a vorticity force surrounding it. The force can drive object to move tangentially around a spinning mass. The formula is : KGMmωcosθ/R^2 (K=Vorticity constant=0.4, G=Gravity constant, ω=angular velocity(rev/sec), θ=angle between rotation plane of mass M and m, R=radius). Planetary movement equation is modified to be: GMm/R^2 + KGMmωcosθ/R^2=mRw^2

This new force is a force accompanying Gravity. Vorticity can explain many phenomenons such as Sun’s and Earth’s oblateness, planets’ precession(Earth, Venus, Mercury), Lense-Thirring effect, Pioneers 10 & 11 deceleration, Earth’s rotation deceleration(0.0016sec per hundred year), Moon’s orbit change, solar system’s angular momentum transfer, and planets’ rings and satellites formation. A formula derived from Vorticity can well explain polar orbiting satellites’ precession: Ft=KGqMmωcosθ/R^2 (q=1-ωp/ωe, ωp=satellite orbital revolution velocity, ωe=Earth spinning velocity). Vorticity can also help to solve galaxy rotation problem by modifying virial mass (Mtotal=2(Rtotal*V^2)/(G+KGω), V=galaxy rotation velocity).

Pioneers 10 & 11 are found deceleration. Vorticity can predict the deceleration (one per ten billion of Earth’s gravity:g) by comparing Sun’s Vorticity near Earth to Sun’s Vorticity near Jupiter. Kant’s nebular hypothesis is the mostly widely accepted theory for solar system formation. However, Sun has less angular momentum than the hypothesis indicates. Vorticity can solve this angular momentum discrepancy. Sun transferred its angular momentum to its planets by Vorticity and then Sun’s rotation decelerated. Moon is moving away from Earth because Earth is also transferring its angular momentum to Moon by Vorticity. That is the reason of Earth’s rotation deceleration. The observed distance change (0.03 meter per year) can also be calculated by using Vorticity. (h=365*2GK^2*Mq/π^2*R^2, mgh=1/2*mū^2, ū=1/π∫vsinωtdωt=2at/π, a=KGMω/R^2, ū=daily average velocity of Moon)

The hypothesis that Uranus’ rings and satellites were formed in the beginning of solar system is widely accepted. Uranus’ rings and its satellites’ orbital revolution plane should have been in Sun’s ecliptic plane. An asteroid or comet hit Uranus and made its axial tilt of ninety-eight degree. Vorticity but not Gravity could force Uranus’ rings and satellites to move to the current rotational plane. Vorticity can also explain why rings are in the planets’ rotation planes and why only giant planets have rings. These above phenomenons can demonstrate that Vorticity really exists.

Because the slow rotation of Sun, Sun’s Vorticity is not significant comparing to its gravity. Thus, Kepler’s second law (conservation of angular momentum) is obeyed in planets of our solar system. However, Vorticity is still important in Pulsar or other fast-rotating stars and planets. The discovery of “Vorticity” can help to develop final unified theory and enhance our understanding of universe.

Wanchung Hu
Graduate Student,
National Taiwan University
No1, Ren-Ai Road,
Taipei, 100
Taiwan






Wanchung Hu

PhD candidate,

National Taiwan University, Johns Hopkins University"


Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: Bored chemist on 23/09/2008 06:50:56
At least some mass then, at least?
Nope.
As I have pointed out before massless photons carry momentum.
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: common_sense_seeker on 23/09/2008 10:02:11
But is this enough to push something with the mass of the Moon further away into a higher orbit? I suspect not.
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: lyner on 23/09/2008 15:25:32
Yes,it is a perfectly good explanation,but only qualitative analysis, not to mention the quantitative calculation about the moon away from the Earth (3 cm per year).
Correction; the evidence is quaNTitative. The angular momentum of the Earth is changing (measured) and has ended up in the Moon's motion.
Are you suggesting that all this is some sort of State Secret? Is there a conspiracy to suppress what could be a very interesting topic - if it were actually needed to explain what we have observed?
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: common_sense_seeker on 23/09/2008 15:48:38
No state secret no, just a complete amnesia to see common sense. If you repeat something often enough, you'll believe it. A Core-Centered Theory of Gravity(CCTG) is the only viable explanation to fit all the facts. The gravitational constant, big G, works for all baryonic matter, but is much higher for dark matter(DM). The calculations of the weight of the planets, the Moon and the Sun are therefore underestimates. Hence a solution to the Missing Mass problem.
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: Bored chemist on 23/09/2008 19:23:56
A Core-Centered Theory of Gravity(CCTG) is the only viable explanation to fit all the facts. The gravitational constant, big G, works for all baryonic matter, but is much higher for dark matter(DM). The calculations of the weight of the planets, the Moon and the Sun are therefore underestimates. Hence a solution to the Missing Mass problem.
Simply not so. There is at least one competing explanation; it has the advantage that the numbers stack up.
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: DrDick on 23/09/2008 19:53:39

                    WHY IS THE MOON NOT SPINNING THEN??  [::)]


The moon IS spinning, at a rate of approximately one rotation per month.
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: lyner on 23/09/2008 20:13:42
Quote
If you repeat something often enough, you'll believe it.
If you repeat the measurements again and again you get the right answer. That's good enough for me.
I await your theory in detail with some actual numbers which agree with observations - surely that's what Science is all about?

Do you think your computer would allow you to use this forum if the  theories associated with the technology which produced it were as woolly as your theory?
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: wanchung on 24/09/2008 01:34:19
Hello, Mr. ZHUYH,

Please don't use my name to announce your theory.

My frame frame-dragging force formula is F=SJw/r^2 (S=2G/c^2, w=relative angular velocity). I get perfectly got the 3.8cm per year that moon is away from earth according to the formula. Please go to www.physorg.com for details!

Sincerely,
Wanchung Hu
PhD
NTU & JHU
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: ZHUYH on 24/09/2008 03:13:53
Hi  wanchung:

 Is the letter you wrote it?
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: lyner on 24/09/2008 10:25:36
But is this enough to push something with the mass of the Moon further away into a higher orbit? I suspect not.
That is a very revealing comment. You have clearly not understood what is going on. There is no 'pushing' involved. Neither the Moon nor Earth are point masses; they are distributed. The angle subtended by the Earth, when seen from the Moon, is quite large (about 2 degrees). The attractive force due to the effect of Earth's rotation and the resultant drag on the tidal bulges, at this small angle, is enough to be accelerating the Moon - transferring energy to it. As its energy increases, its orbit diameter will also increase.
If you have a theory which involves some other effect then you also need a theory to negate the effect I have just described - which seems to be enough, on its own, to explain the orbit changes.
Good Science tends to be reductionist. I you don't need another theory to explain a phenomenon then why try to invent one? Your new idea may well be just another way of stating a part of the existing theory but in a more complicated way.
OR it may have some substance in it which could explain some much lower order effects. Your numbers would have to be right tho.
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: lyner on 24/09/2008 10:31:59

My frame frame-dragging force formula is F=SJw/r^2 (S=2G/c^2, w=relative angular velocity). I get perfectly got the 3.8cm per year that moon is away from earth according to the formula. Please go to www.physorg.com for details!


I can't find what you refer to here. Perhaps a more detailed link....?
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: common_sense_seeker on 24/09/2008 12:49:52
sophiecentaur, do you think tidal braking is also in effect between the Sun and the Earth? If so, this would mean that the Earth is receding from the Sun in a similar way to how the Moon is receding from the Earth, would it not?
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: lyner on 24/09/2008 15:03:56
Possibly, but the masses and distance involved are a lot different so the actual amount of the effect would be tiny. How much of a tide do you think the Earth causes on the Sun? Not a lot, I suggest. The Moon is 1/80 of Earth's mass. The Earth is less than 1millionth of the Sun's mass. Remember The Numbers Count! in any theory. Pay attention to them; it may help you understand things a bit better.
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: ZHUYH on 29/10/2008 01:37:20
Universal Resistance

Shouyuan Chen
(Information College of Shandong Normal University 250014 Jinan, P.R. China)



--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Universal Resistance: Every body loses its kinetic energy and resumes to its state of relative rest because resistance is natural and universal force that always is exerted on the body unless the body has been in relative rest state. A body contacts directly with other objects, the resistance exists mainly in form of the frictional force. As a body does not contact directly with other objects, the resistance exists mainly in form of indirect resistance force. The moving object affects other objects by a force field (this is called U-field: its field intensity is in direct proportion to its momentum and is in inverse proportion to the square of distance, and its direction is the same as motion direction), all objects affected by U-field react in return on the moving body, the sum of the all reaction forces is called indirection resistance force. U-field of spin object: U=K(J/R2)COSα,(J—angular momentum, α-the angle between vector radius and the equator plane, R-the distance from the point to center),direction of U-field at each point is the same as that of spin ,and the intensity of U-field is the strongest in the equator place, and is zero at two polar points.

Effects of Universal Resistance: Universal resistance theory asserts that every body is acted on by resistance to lose its kinetic energy and to resumes to the state of relative rest unless it has been in the state. The natural state of motion of any object is relative rest, if a body is not the rest state, it always returns to the rest. This assertion would be in accordance with natural phenomena.

Logical reasoning 1: When every body on the earth moves relatively, resistance makes it to lose its kinetic energy and makes it to return relative rest. The experiments of Galileo’s inertia do not deny this.

Experiment: This assertion appears to be contradicted with one’s everyday experiences. Suppose we exert a force with the hand to move a book along a level table plane. After we are no longer exerting a force on the book, because the frictional force is exerted on the sliding book, the book does not continue to move indefinitely, but slows down and eventually comes to rest. The ball in vibration returns to relative rest with the Earth. And so on.

Logical reasoning 2: As a planet rotates relatively, resistance is exerted on it, and makes it to lose its kinetic energy and so makes it to slows down at long time.

Observation phenomena: Archaeologists find that the rotation of Earth slows down at long time, before six hundred million years, it has 420 days in one year, now it only has 365days.

Logical reasoning 3: If the revolution angular velocity of moons is larger than angular velocity of the rotation of center celestial body, then the moons are affected by universal resistance, they could lose their energy and its orbital radius becomes smaller, its sidereal revolution period becomes shorter.

Astronomical observation phenomena: Phobos is one moon around Mars, it revolves very rapidly, and it completes an obit of Mars in only 7 hours 40 minutes, less than a martian day. Because Phobos orbits more rapidly than Mars rotates, an observer on the surface of Mars would see Phobos moving conspicuously backwards compared to Deimos, the other planets, and stars. Because its revolution angular velocity is lager than the angular velocity of the spin of Mars, universal resistance makes its sidereal revolution period to reduce slowly at one millisecond every cycle. As Phobos is slowly spiraling downward, it should hit Mars in only 30 million years!

Logical reasoning 4: Star rotates, there is universal resistance that is always exerted on it. The star loses their energy of rotation and slows down. If a Star revolves, resistance makes it to lose its kinetic energy of revolution, and so sidereal period become shorter.

Astronomical observation phenomena: Rotation periods of neutron star or pulsating star are remaining very constant, but pulsar is slowing down very slightly. The revolution period of twin neutrons becomes slowly shorter.

Logical reasoning 5: The galaxy that is affected by universal resistance loses its motion energy, and its rotation period becomes longer.

Astronomical observation phenomena: In the galaxy that rotates more quickly, there are more young stars and fewer old stars. In the galaxy that rotates slowly, there are fewer young stars and more old stars.

Logical reasoning 6: Because universal resistance are affected on retrograde moons, the moons lose their energy, and its orbital radius become smaller; then the sidereal revolution period of the moons reduce smaller. We estimate that the sidereal revolution period of Triton that orbits Neptune in retrograde direction becomes smaller at one millisecond per cycle.

Astronomical observation phenomena: so far we don’t find the observation data.
Logical reasoning 7: The rotation motion of center celestial body enables the angle of the equator plane of the center body and the orbit plane of revolution body to become smaller. Because the U-field of the rotation of the center celestial body is: U=K(J/R2)COSα,the U-field force is affected on revolution body in direction of the spin of celestial body at long time, so the direction of revolution motion of the body must be changed to the same as the direction of spin of center body. The orbital plane of revolution body would be changed to the equator plane of spinning center body at long time.

Astronomical observation phenomena: The solar system exhibits many regularities, and theories of its formation must account for them. The orbits of the planets are almost, but not quite circular, and all lie in essentially the same plane that is almost in the equatorial plane of the rotation of the sun. All the planets revolve around the Sun in the same direction, which is the same direction in which the Sun rotates. Moreover, almost all the planets and planetary families of satellites that revolve around them in a manner similar to the way that the planets revolve around the Sun. And the orbits of the planets, with the exception of Pluto, have only small inclination to the ecliptic plane. (see table 1)

Table 1 the same direction planets motion, the same plane of its orbital plane [2].



Logical reasoning 8: The center celestial body must have large angular momentum of the rotation motion, the revolution body around it can move at long time in the same direction as the spin of center celestial body.

Astronomical observation phenomena: In the solar system, the Sun rotates quickly, the planets revolve around the sun in the same direction of the spin of the sun’s spin (see table 1) at long time. The same is true of the moons. Mercury and Venus spin slowly, they have no moons. The planet that spins quickly has more moons.(See table 1) . Some small planets that spin quickly have moons. The number of the moons around a planet is related to the state of the planet’s rotation: generally speaking, a planet with larger rotational angular momentum carries more moons, and a planet with a smaller rotational angular momentum carries fewer. See table 1

Logical reasoning 9: The moving object near the huge celestial body is affected by the reaction of huge celestial body. It loses its energy and slows down. It is nearer to huge celestial body, it loses kinetic energy more quickly.

Astronomical observation phenomena: After we take planets matter density into account to their sidereal rotation periods [1], mean solar day of planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter & Saturn these six planets) are that the planet is nearer to the sun, its mean solar day is longer, that mean the planet rotates relatively more slowly with the Sun, the planet is far to the sun, its mean solar day is shorter, that mean it rotates relatively with the Sun more quickly.(See table 2).

Six planets relativity rotation periods (that is Day time) Table 2 *----computed data



Logical reasoning 10:Since light has wave properties, and also has the properties of parties. When light moves in the sky, universal resistance causes proton to lose kinetic energy, and then its wavelength become longer. This is called redshift. Galaxy is the more distant, the larger redshift is. If light passes near huge body, the effects of resistance is larger, and then Proton loses more its energy, and so the redshift is larger. We estimate that when lights pass near huge celestial, lights also produce redshift. This redshift is called resistance redshift.

Astronomical observation phenomena I: The light from the remote galaxy becomes red. The galaxy is the more distant, the larger redshift is. Cosmological redshift phenomena are accordance with resistance redshift of universal resistance reasoning.
The most obvious explanation of a “cosmological redshift” is the Doppler effect caused by the big bang theory.

Astronomical observation phenomena II: The light from five quasars around the Seyfert galaxy NCG3516 has a very good correlation between their redshift and their angular distance from NGC3516. The red-shift of these five quasars are 0.33,0.69,0.93, 1.40,and 2.10, the five quasars distance(θ,arcmin) from galaxy NGC3516 are 4.34, 7.34, 10.99, 10.37,11.23 [3]. This is accordance with resistance reasoning that when light move near huge celestial, light also produces redshift.

Logical reasoning 11:Light and gravitation have wave properties and also the properties of parties. When it moves in the sky, it is affected by universal resistance and loses its energy. When proton loses its energy, it doesn’t move to limitless remote place. Limitless remote light and gravitation can move to the earth, the sum to plus them is infinity light intensity and infinity gravitation intensity, this is called Orlbers’s paradox. In fact it doesn’t exist. We think that Universe is same in any one direction, and is uniform in any one place. Because there is universal resistance, universe can be limitless and Orlbers’s paradox does not exist.

Astronomical observation phenomena: So far Orlbers’s paradox phenomena don’t be observed.

Summary

We can explain many phenomena by universal resistance, but it is true or false, it will be confirmed by more observation. We have design experiment to confirm U-field, but we do not do it.

References

1 Chen Shouyuan. Research of Revolution of Solar System Main Charactistics. Shandong industry university, 1997,27-1:87-90
2Jay M.Pasachoff.Astronomy:From the Earth to the Universe.Saunders College.Appendix 3,Appendix 4.
3 Yaoquan Chu and Jingyao Hu .QUASARS AROUND THE SEYFERT GALAXY NGC3516, The Astrophysical Journal ,1998 ,500:596—598

Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: ZHUYH on 04/11/2008 01:39:30
Google:The Complement of Newton Gravitation Law
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: lyner on 05/11/2008 14:52:07
Why?
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: ZHUYH on 06/11/2008 02:09:58
Google  Search :
 The Complement of Newton Gravitation Law
 
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: yor_on on 14/11/2008 13:30:11
Hmmm A fascinating although slightly, if I may say so, 'out of this universe' thread.
Here is a good explanation by Britt Scharringhausen.
Even I could understand this one:)

"
The Moon's orbit (its circular path around the Earth) is indeed getting larger, at a rate of about 3.8 centimeters per year. (The Moon's orbit has a radius of 384,000 km.) I wouldn't say that the Moon is getting closer to the Sun, specifically, though--it is getting farther from the Earth, so, when it's in the part of its orbit closest to the Sun, it's closer, but when it's in the part of its orbit farthest from the Sun, it's farther away.

The reason for the increase is that the Moon raises tides on the Earth. Because the side of the Earth that faces the Moon is closer, it feels a stronger pull of gravity than the center of the Earth. Similarly, the part of the Earth facing away from the Moon feels less gravity than the center of the Earth. This effect stretches the Earth a bit, making it a little bit oblong. We call the parts that stick out "tidal bulges." The actual solid body of the Earth is distorted a few centimeters, but the most noticeable effect is the tides raised on the ocean.

Now, all mass exerts a gravitational force, and the tidal bulges on the Earth exert a gravitational pull on the Moon. Because the Earth rotates faster (once every 24 hours) than the Moon orbits (once every 27.3 days) the bulge tries to "speed up" the Moon, and pull it ahead in its orbit.

The Moon is also pulling back on the tidal bulge of the Earth, slowing the Earth's rotation. Tidal friction, caused by the movement of the tidal bulge around the Earth, takes energy out of the Earth and puts it into the Moon's orbit, making the Moon's orbit bigger (but, a bit paradoxically, the Moon actually moves slower!).

The Earth's rotation is slowing down because of this. One hundred years from now, the day will be 2 milliseconds longer than it is now.

This same process took place billions of years ago--but the Moon was slowed down by the tides raised on it by the Earth. That's why the Moon always keeps the same face pointed toward the Earth. Because the Earth is so much larger than the Moon, this process, called tidal locking, took place very quickly, in a few tens of millions of years.

Many physicists considered the effects of tides on the Earth-Moon system. However, George Howard Darwin (Charles Darwin's son) was the first person to work out, in a mathematical way, how the Moon's orbit would evolve due to tidal friction, in the late 19th century. He is usually credited with the invention of the modern theory of tidal evolution.

So that's where the idea came from, but how was it first measured? The answer is quite complicated, but I've tried to give the best answer I can, based on a little research into the history of the question.

There are three ways for us to actually measure the effects of tidal friction.

* Measure the change in the length of the lunar month over time.

This can be accomplished by examining the thickness of tidal deposits preserved in rocks, called tidal rhythmites, which can be billions of years old, although measurements only exist for rhythmites that are 900 million years old. As far as I can find (I am not a geologist!) these measurements have only been done since the early 90's.

* Measure the change in the distance between the Earth and the Moon.

This is accomplished in modern times by bouncing lasers off reflectors left on the surface of the Moon by the Apollo astronauts. Less accurate measurements were obtained in the early 70's.

* Measure the change in the rotational period of the Earth over time.

Nowadays, the rotation of the Earth is measured using the Very Long Baseline Interferometry, a technique using many radio telescopes a great distance apart. With VLBI, the positions of quasars (tiny, distant, radio-bright objects) can be measured very accuarately. Since the rotating Earth carries the antennas along, these measurements can tell us the rotation speed of the Earth very accurately.

However, the change in the Earth's rotational period was first measured using eclipses, of all things. Astronomers who studied the timing of eclipses over many centuries found that the Moon seemed to be accelerating in its orbit, but what was actually happening was the the Earth's rotation was slowing down. The effect was first noticed by Edmund Halley in 1695, and first measured by Richard Dunthorne in 1748--though neither one really understood what they were seeing. I think this is the earliest discovery of the effect. "

---------------

As far as I get it you can think of 'tidal friction' (the force moving the Moon away from the Earth) as a kind of 'slingshot'?:)
When the Earth rotates it have the moon attached to the sling, the sling with the Moon in it drags after in that cyclic rotation of the bigger Earth.
Doing this the sling gets 'stretched' and that energy it gets then transfers to the smaller moon, as the slingshot wants to get back to its normal relaxed 'rest position'.
That energy transforms into a faster motion for the moon which will move it slightly outward from the Earth.

As why it then should move slower after that?
Here are reasons I think might have to do with it:)

1. a bigger orbit will give a slower all around time:) also Earths gravitational force will be slightly weaker.
2. And that the energy moving it, is 'taken out' when finished, and so the factual velocity will be the same as for the smaller (former orbit) one, but now 'placed' into a bigger orbit which then will give it a slower speed.
If you get my drift here?

To really get it one has to remember that the moon is actually not so much 'orbiting' the earth as 'falling' around the earth.
It do fall towards the Earth, but due to its speed it will be in a orbit, and due to the tidal friction its energy/(speed, my view)/orbit even increases..

So when a orbiting rocket wants to increase its orbital speed, what does it do?
it lowers its altitude:)



And now I do hope it makes sense.
Although my comments is mine, not Britt Scharringhausen's.
Which make it even, Awhhh:)
Never mind nor matter.

Maybe its possible to say that there are no 'bent lines' in space?
Just as there are no 'straight lines' in nature?
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: lyner on 14/11/2008 13:43:35
Quote
Astronomical observation phenomena: So far Orlbers’s paradox phenomena don’t be observed.
Excuse me. IS the sky infinitely bright? It wasn't the last time I looked out of the window!

I'm sorry, Yor_on, but you may find that normal arguments don't work very well with some contributors. Try to avoid getting too much out of patience with this thread if you intend to keep contributing.
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: yor_on on 14/11/2008 14:08:33
It's cool with me Sophie.
Ideas is always interesting, even when I don't get them.
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: lyner on 14/11/2008 15:46:34
It's just that some posts fail the Turing test!
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: Alan McDougall on 15/11/2008 19:29:49
If we were hypothetically separate the moon and earth from all other gravitational forces the following will eventually happen


Tidal force push the moon and earth slowly apart 2 centimetres/year and in the distant future  the will eventually into a dumbell orbit, each  having the same side towards each other.

With no tidal forces acting , the moon and earth will very slowly begin to drift towards each other and in the unimaginably far future collide

Alan

Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: lyner on 15/11/2008 22:50:39
It's more of a 'pull' than a 'push' actually - like swinging a conker on a (flexible) string.
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: Alan McDougall on 16/11/2008 04:27:34
You are right sophie I should have said the push and pull effect of tidal forces between te two huge objects, moon and earth

Alan
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: lyner on 16/11/2008 22:05:17
What 'push'? Is there Anti Gravity, all of a sudden?
It just has to be all pull, if you think about it.
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: Alan McDougall on 17/11/2008 00:50:45
sophiecentaur 


Quote
What 'push'? Is there Anti Gravity, all of a sudden?
It just has to be all pull, if you think about it.

No antgravity until they find it maybe in the LHC

The "push" is the "push of the moons tidal gravity energy around the earth", energy must go some so it converts into heat, earth ocean and rock tides. This tidal energy from the moon slows down the earth revolution by a second or two a year.

But remember the earth has been flinging the moon outward slowly further and further for billion of years , just like a hammer thrower , he pushes downward on the ground, to be able to fling the hammer and this push it converted to centrifugal force(gravity in our question) In a sense in this question the hammer thrower AKA Earth has already released the hammer and is slowing down

(I'v got  hammer, hammer in the morning, hammer in the evening, hammer all day that songjust popped into my little mind)

The earth no longer has any tidal effect of the moon as the moon is in a captured orbit around the earth and bulges towards the earth on the sidethat always faces the earth.

But the moon continues its tidal effect on the earth until the earth and moon are both is a on face captured dumbbell orbit

Due to the moons gravitational tidal effects from the moon the earths day or revolution has slowed down from some six hours to its twenty four hours

Heck!! some long winded verbal madness by me but this tiny mortal enity is trying its best  [:)]

Alan



 
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: lyner on 17/11/2008 10:17:41
Quote
The "push" is the "push of the moons tidal gravity energy around the earth",
Could you clarify what exactly is pushing what?
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: Alan McDougall on 17/11/2008 13:54:35
sophiecentaur






Quote
Could you clarify what exactly is pushing what? 


If you are assuming that I was indicating that the moons gravity could exert a push  gravity effect on the earth, this was not what I meant in my previous post. By push I meant the tides although pulled by the around gravity of the moon also have a push effect on the structure of the earth, as the tidal bulge revolves around the earth.

"This push" is not an effect of gravity just the "energy caused by the resistence of the earths structures against the tidal forces revolving around the earth"

Indeed earthquakes can "speed up" the earth revolution as well. So during some years to day can be "slighty shorter" than the previous year, instead of the usual minute slowing of the revolution


I do not think that there is anything like push gravity or antigravity, but just because I think this does not mean it might not exist still to be discovered.

The physics and mathematics of the earth moon gravitation interactions are hugely complex and if you feel it is worth while to dive into that, just say the word and I will dive into the fray with you. I do not think even in these latter times there is consensus on the topic


“PUSH GRAVITY DOES NOT EXIST”

Alan

 

Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: lyner on 17/11/2008 13:58:50
OK, I get what you mean, now.
I agree with the rest of that post, too.
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: Alan McDougall on 17/11/2008 16:47:06
sophiecentaur

I wrote the last post when I was very tired last night and it contained some errors.

I have put the corrections in red this in now how I wanted it to read

Alan
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: LeeE on 17/11/2008 18:15:46
I think that the moon is moving away from the Earth because:

a) it doesn't like us anymore.

b) it objects to the Earth's standards of personal hygiene.

c) it doesn't want to catch Earth's communicable diseases.

 [;)]
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: Mr. Scientist on 03/04/2009 21:01:39
Wanchung, you do  realize friend that one of the biggest flaws in your theory is that ''spin'' is no longer a classical object upon a rotating axis. It seems that it is the angular momentum in which something moves through spacetime.

 [;)]
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: yor_on on 05/04/2009 03:22:40
Your "proof" is highly suspect in the first place, but since it rests on the idea that the moon doesn't spin, it is doomed.
You may not have noticed, but the moon spins.

Aha Bored Chemist, so you say, actually even I might say so :) But how can I be sure, sometimes when I go home late at night, I actually see the moon spin at a stately time to some forgotten tune, but the next evning, staying home to confirm my observations, it just show me that same old boring face again.

I can't swear to it, but it seems to be related to the lateness of my homecomings, and headaches seems to follow the day after? Yes I know, very strange facts all over, almost makes me believe in UFO:s too.

----

Sorry, missed the 'length' of this thread :)
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: wanchung on 07/04/2009 04:47:40
Dear All,
Mr. ZYH used my name in his article. In fact, my formula is Spinity(frame-dargging force) F=(2G/c^2)JmW/r^2. Below is my orginal article. I have calculated the 3.8cm per year which is the velocity of moon moving away from earth.

Title: The Universal Frame Dragging Force (Spinity) and Maxwell-like Equations


Wanchung Hu
PostDoc Fellow
Academia Sinica
Taipei, Taiwan ROC
Correspondence to: lukluk73_2006@yahoo.com.tw

Abstract
Frame dragging (spinity) is originally identified as an effect caused by central spinning mass. This effect was identified from Dr. Einstein’s general relativity by Drs. Lense and Thirring and is called Lense-Thirring effect. However, this frame dragging is not simply an effect. Actually, it is a fundamental force. I propose here that “rest mass produces gravity, spinning mass produces spinity; rest change produces Coulomb electric force, spinning and moving charge produces magnetism” Frame dragging force(spinity) can drag nearby space-time to rotate around the central spinning mass. The formula is F=(2G/c^2)mJW/r^2. It can explain why all the planets in solar system rotate in the same plane and in the same direction around the sun. It can explain why most satellites in solar system rotate in the same plane and in the same direction around the planets. It can explain why all stars in milky way galaxy rotate in the same plane and in the same direction around the galactic core. It can also help to explain why most planets in our solar system spin in the same direction as our sun. Spinity has a very close relation to gravity. Thus, it should be called gravitospinity as electromagnetism. Considering the relationship between gravity and spinity, the five Maxwell-like equations can be expressed. Frame dragging force (spinity) is a very exciting new physic phenomenon and more studies are required to explore its importance.

Content
Frame dragging force (spinity) is a newly identified force. I propose here that “rest mass produces gravity, spinning mass produces spinity; rest change produces Coulomb electric force, spinning and moving charge produces magnetism”. Frame dragging effect was derived by Dr. Lense and Thirring to describe the procession of an orbiting object using general relativity [7]. Nobel prize winner Dr. LD Landau also derived orbiting object’s lagranian around central spinning mass using general relativity (reference). However, these professors didn’t point out that frame dragging is actually a new basic force which has close relation with gravity. When an object has mass, it will have gravity to attract its parts to the center. In order to overcome this continuously centripetal force, the object needs to spin to produce centrifugal force to balance gravity. When the object spins, spinity occurs. I propose to call this new force “spinity” because it is a combination of “spin” meaning origin of this force and “ity” meaning basic force. Frame dragging means a spinning mass can drag nearby space-time to rotate around the mass, so it is actually a force which can cause peripheral smaller object to orbit around the central mass according to the basic concept of general relativity Below is the summary of Professor Landau’s derivation from general relativity:

Vector g=(2G/c^3)Jr’/r^2 (J:central mass angular momentum ,r’=unit vector)
Lagranian L=-mc*ds/dt=L0+deltaL
deltaL=mc*g*V=(2G/c^2)mJ/r^3*V*r (V=r*W)

Thus, deltaL=(2G/c^2)mJW/r (W=relative angular velocity=Wc(central mass spinning angular velocity)-Ws(peripheral mass orbiting angular velocity))

Because deltaL=F*r

Thus, spinity F=(2G/c^2)mJW/r^2=(2G/c^2)mJV/r^3

Considering the angle theta between orbiting object and the equator plane of central spinning mass, the formula can be adjusted into:

F=(2G/c^2)mJWcosTheta/r^2=ma, S=spinity constant=2G/c^2
How do I know this formula is correct? We can actually confirm it by calculating the moon’s moving away from our earth. Our moon is moving away from our earth about 3.8cm each year by using actuate laser measurement. Current tidal force theory cannot calculate the 3.8cm correctly. I think moon’s moving away from earth is due to the effect of earth’s spinity. Because of earth’s spinity on moon, moon is accelerating in its orbiting and is moving away finally. We can use the following values:( S=2G/c^2=1.48*10^-27, Earth mass=5.9736*10^24, Earth radius=6378km, Earth spinning angular velocity=1/43200(1/sec), Moon orbiting period=27day, Angle thelta=20(cosTheta= 0.94), Moon’s distance from Earth is 384399km). After we get the acceleration a, we can calculate the moving distance by using S’=1/2at^2(t=31536000sec=1 year). Because circumference and radius has a relation (S’=2pi*r’), so r’=S’/2pi. Finally, we get the result r’=3.75149cm which is very close to the laser measurement 3.8cm. Thus, the spinity formula is correct.
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: swansont on 08/04/2009 19:56:20
I can prove that the Standard Model argument which states that the Moon is induced with angular momentum because of the Earth's spin is INCORRECT:

                    WHY IS THE MOON NOT SPINNING THEN??  [::)]

Cheers,

AL



The moon does spin.  Once per orbit.

Otherwise we'd see the other side of it.

(oops.  I see now that this was already addressed.  Missed that in all the … stuff)
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: swansont on 08/04/2009 19:59:28
Current tidal force theory cannot calculate the 3.8cm correctly. I think moon’s moving away from earth is due to the effect of earth’s spinity. Because of earth’s spinity on moon, moon is accelerating in its orbiting and is moving away finally. We can use the following values:( S=2G/c^2=1.48*10^-27, Earth mass=5.9736*10^24, Earth radius=6378km, Earth spinning angular velocity=1/43200(1/sec), Moon orbiting period=27day, Angle thelta=20(cosTheta= 0.94), Moon’s distance from Earth is 384399km). After we get the acceleration a, we can calculate the moving distance by using S’=1/2at^2(t=31536000sec=1 year). Because circumference and radius has a relation (S’=2pi*r’), so r’=S’/2pi. Finally, we get the result r’=3.75149cm which is very close to the laser measurement 3.8cm. Thus, the spinity formula is correct.


But the tidal forces are there, so if the moon recedes at 3.8 cm/year and if that's what your theory predicts, it means your theory is almost certainly wrong.
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: swansont on 08/04/2009 20:03:11

If the moon is moving away from the earth then would not the same be happening with the earth around the sun? Is that why we have to add a second to time every so often?

The moon moving away robs the earth or angular momentum.  That's the reason for leap seconds; more precisely, it's why leap second additions will become more commonplace, on average, if we continue to implement them.
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: swansont on 08/04/2009 23:00:00
The reason that tides / rotation transfer energy between Earth and Moon is that they are big enough and near enough to each other that they can't be treated as 'point masses'.
We tend to think of orbits as depending just on the masses and separations but that is an over simplification if you want to get accurate predictions. The 'centre of mass' is a very useful idea but doesn't tell the whole story.

It's a little more subtle than that — it's not that they are big, nor that they are close that directly causes this.  If they were perfectly spherical with a uniform mass distribution then they could be treated as point masses (from Gauss's law).  But because of the tides causing a deformation, and the lag in the earth's tidal bulge (it's not pointed directly toward the moon), there is a torque between them.
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: ZHUYH on 28/04/2009 04:38:49
   Existing theories even to "leave  the moon moving away from earth "will not solve the problems, but used to explain the solar system, Milky Way and the universe,  the laughing stock of hard to avoid. Existing theory must be amended.
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: lyner on 28/04/2009 09:47:22
The reason that tides / rotation transfer energy between Earth and Moon is that they are big enough and near enough to each other that they can't be treated as 'point masses'.
We tend to think of orbits as depending just on the masses and separations but that is an over simplification if you want to get accurate predictions. The 'centre of mass' is a very useful idea but doesn't tell the whole story.


It's a little more subtle than that — it's not that they are big, nor that they are close that directly causes this.  If they were perfectly spherical with a uniform mass distribution then they could be treated as point masses (from Gauss's law).  But because of the tides causing a deformation, and the lag in the earth's tidal bulge (it's not pointed directly toward the moon), there is a torque between them.

Edit: Of course
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: i-goldfish on 04/10/2009 15:31:02
How about gravity - US - we chop down trees, we get oil and other things and we BURN them...
Have fun
i-goldfish
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: i-goldfish on 04/10/2009 15:32:41
Earth is getting lighter!!!!
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: ZHUYH on 19/06/2010 04:03:19
Yes,it is a perfectly good explanation,but only qualitative analysis, not to mention the quantitative calculation about the moon away from the Earth (3 cm per year).
Correction; the evidence is quaNTitative. The angular momentum of the Earth is changing (measured) and has ended up in the Moon's motion.
Are you suggesting that all this is some sort of State Secret? Is there a conspiracy to suppress what could be a very interesting topic - if it were actually needed to explain what we have observed?

                " one stone hit four birds"
The tidal force is composed of a normal component (universal gravitation) and a tangential component (vorticity force). Exactly, the vorticity force enables the moon’s angular momentum to get away from the earth. The earth rotation rate gets lower because of the conservation of angular momentum in the process.
Quantitative Calculation:
Applicable formula: tangential component [vorticity force] Ft = kGMmωCosα/ r2
Basic Data:
Cosα≈ 1
Basic Data:
Mass of the earth Me = 6×1024 kg,Moon-earth distance r = 38.4×107 m
mgh = m v2 /2 ①
v = aT ②
Average velocity of the moon in a week: v = =2v/π ③
Angular velocity difference: q = 1-1/30 = 29/30
v = 2aT/π, ω = 1/T
a = KGωM /r2 ④
mg = GMm/r2 ⑤
Daily departing distance of the moon from the earth: h = 2GK2 Mq/π2 r2
= 2×6.67×10-11×0.16×6×1024×29
(38.4×107)2×3.142×30
= 8.51×10-5m
Yearly departing distance of the moon from the earth: 8.51×10-5×365= 0.031m
The results are identical with the measured values.
The vortex theory is also applicable to the earth-moon system. The earth-rotation vorticity force acts on the moon. The moon receives exactly what the earth loses because of the conservation of angular momentum. The counterforce from the moon may cause great waves on the earth surface.


对地球离日等三问题之预判

鉴于六年前运用 涡旋力公式解决 月亮离开地球 问题,现用其中经验公式
h=2GK^2Mq/π^2r^2 对地球离日, 火卫一 Phobos 轨道下降, 火卫二 Deimos 轨道上升等类似问题一并处理并作为对三问题之预判。
calculate the earth are gradually moving away from sun:
cosа≈1
Basic Data:
Me =1.98×10^30kg, sun-earth distance r=1.5×10^11M
mgh=mv - ^2/2 ①
v=at ②
Average velocity of the earth in a week: v - =1/π∫vsinωtdωt= 2v/π ③
Angular velocity difference: q=1-25/365=0.93
v - =2at/π; ω=1/T
a=KGMω/r^2 ④
mg=GMm/r^2 ⑤
25Daily departing distance of the earth from the sun:
h=2GK^2Mq/π^2r^2
=2×6.67×10^-11×0.16×1.98×10^30×0.93/3.14^2×[1.5
×10^11] ^2
=1.77×10^-4 m
It's not much – just 0.25 cm per year
refrence: Why is the Earth moving away from the sun?
§ 18:22 01 June 2009 by Kelly Beatty, SkyandTelescope.com
§ For similar stories, visit the Solar System Topic Guide
calculate about Phobos approaching Mars 轨道下降:
Basic Data: M=6.6×10^23 kg, 火卫一 —— 火星距离 Phobos -Mars distance r=9.345×10^6 m
cycle= 24.62 h, 火卫一公转Phobos cycle: 7.66 h
Angular velocity difference: q=1-24.62/7.66=-2.21 ,

Phobos approaching Mars perday
h=2GK^2Mq/π^2r^2
=2×6.67×10^-11×0.16×6.6×10^23×-2.21/3.14^2×[9.345×10^6] ^2
=-3.6×10^-2 m
Phobos approaching Mars 12 . 8 m peryear
calculate about Deimos moving away from Mars:
Basic Data: M=6.6×10^23 kg, 火卫二Deimos —— 火星Mars distance距离 r=2.3459×10^7 m
Mars cycle: day , Deimos cycle : 1.26244day
Angular velocity difference: q=1-1/1.26244=0.2078
Deimos moving away from Mars perday:
h=2GK^2Mq/π^2r^2
=2×6.67×10^-11×0.16×6.6×10^23×0.2078/3.14^2×[2.3459×10^7] ^2
=5 。 39 ×10^-4 m
Deimos moving away from Mars 0 . 19 m peryear
refre:
sharma
由于火卫一的轨道周期是比火星天短,潮汐减速是在减少约 20 米( 66 英尺),每世纪率其轨道半径。
Because Phobos' orbital period is shorter than a Martian day, tidal deceleration is decreasing its orbital radius at the rate of about 20 metres (66 ft) per century.
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: ZHUYH on 17/03/2011 02:59:03
地震能量源于月亮?
地球与月球之间的距离由于地球表面上潮汐的磨擦作用每年增加将近3.8厘米,让我们计算其一年能量交换。
基本数据:月——地距离r=38.4×10^7M,Me =6×10^24kg
m=7.35×10^22kg,h=0.038米
mg=GMm/r^2①
一年能量交换:mgh=hGMm/r^2
=7.58×10^18J
该能量相当于我国2004年的发电量,与全球每年地震放出的能量接近。可能是该能量使地幔形变震动,板块挤压从而引发地震。
参考:涡旋力
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: ZHUYH on 29/11/2011 04:40:36
地震能量源于月亮?
   
杨学祥教授评语:“很可能”


link redacted - moderator
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: imatfaal on 01/12/2011 18:00:38
Please post in English.  Thanks

Please do not just post links to other websites - this is a discussion website not a repository of links.  Either post a question for the members to discuss, or a theory in New Theories.

thanks imatfaal - moderator
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: CliffordK on 01/12/2011 22:21:54
How about gravity - US - we chop down trees, we get oil and other things and we BURN them...
Have fun
i-goldfish

This looks like an old suggestion.  However, due to the conservation of matter, most of what we do down here on Earth has little effect on the mass of the Earth.

So, burning wood, for example, creates gases of equal mass to the wood being burnt plus the mass of the oxygen consumed, plus, of course, the ashes left over.

A few exceptions would be:
Nuclear reactions actually consume a very small amount of mass, including the nuclear decomposition reactions that are naturally occurring on Earth.

Helium can escape from the atmosphere.  Some helium is recovered from oil and natural gas mining operations, then released in the air, and eventually could get lost to space.

We have, of course, blasted a few rockets beyond Earth's gravitational well. 

Solar winds and cosmic rays may either add particles to our atmosphere (where we get most of the carbon-14 on Earth), or knock the particles away from the earth.  It is likely in generally a steady state.

Anyway, one should certainly carefully consider Earth's overall mass which would generally be independent from Man's activities.  But, the tidal forces seem to be a more reasonable explanation.
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: CliffordK on 01/12/2011 22:35:33
Please post in English.  Thanks

Chinese is difficult for many people on this site to read.
Google Translate does a pretty good job...  but most people won't bother with it.

地震能量源于月亮?
地球与月球之间的距离由于地球表面上潮汐的磨擦作用每年增加将近3.8厘米,让我们计算其一年能量交换。
基本数据:月——地距离r=38.4×10^7M,Me =6×10^24kg
m=7.35×10^22kg,h=0.038米
mg=GMm/r^2①
一年能量交换:mgh=hGMm/r^2
=7.58×10^18J
该能量相当于我国2004年的发电量,与全球每年地震放出的能量接近。可能是该能量使地幔形变震动,板块挤压从而引发地震。
参考:涡旋力
Quote
Seismic energy from the moon?
The distance between the Earth and Moon on the Earth's surface as tidal friction role annual increase of nearly 3.8 cm, we calculate the energy exchange year.
Basic Data: Monthly - the distance r = 38.4 × 10 ^ 7M, Me = 6 × 10 ^ 24kg
m = 7.35 × 10 ^ 22kg, h = 0.038 米
mg = GMm / r ^ 2 ①
Year energy exchange: mgh = hGMm / r ^ 2
= 7.58 × 10 ^ 18J
The energy equivalent of China's generating capacity in 2004, with global annual energy of earthquakes close to release. Possible deformation of the vibration energy of the mantle, plate extrusion causing earthquakes.
Reference: vortex force
地震能量源于月亮?
   
杨学祥教授评语:“很可能”
Quote
Seismic energy from the moon?
   
Professor Yang Xuexiang reviews: "very likely"

So, I assume what you are meaning to say is that the moon not only causes tides on Earth, but is also contributing to the tectonic activity of the earth, and earthquakes.  I believe this is a widely held theory. 

However, it seems to have little to do with the slowly increasing distance between the Earth and the moon except that the tides are related to the transfer of rotational energy from the Earth to the Moon.
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: Geezer on 01/12/2011 23:37:22
"The forum is an English language forum, and while we welcome the fact that we have many contributors from around the world, and for many we recognise that English is not their first language, but nonetheless posts to the site should be in English."

http://www.thenakedscientists.com/forum/index.php?topic=8535.msg99453#msg99453

Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: ZHUYH on 06/12/2011 04:11:40
hi !CliffordK .thank  you  very much.
Title: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: rpg217 on 08/12/2011 14:28:52
Just an idea to run past you all but if the moons moving away due to the earth then wouldn't it be logical to suspect the moon will lose how much it moves year by year.As its like if you have to magnets you put N and N together they will push each other apart until they are far enough away if that's the case the moon should stop moving somewhere down the line.

Also could the sun be the cause of why the moon is leaving us slowly i mean its got its own gravity and its expanding isn't it?

Title: Re: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: ZHUYH on 29/04/2012 03:46:51
Why does Pioneer 10 deviate from its orbit and travel at a decreasing velocity?


Why does the moon gradually get away from the earth?


Why does Mercury conduct precession?


Why is the earth rotation slowing down?


……


The answer is given as follows:


The Vorticity Force.


LINK DELETED.

Zhuyh,

Please do not post links like this. I have already asked you not to do that. If you do it again, you will be banned.

MODERATOR
Title: Why is the moon is moving further away from the Earth and a way to bring it back
Post by: scott32714scott on 09/05/2012 06:54:48
The moon moving further away from the Earth because everything is ether moving closer or further, just be glad its not getting closer; that would give us our dooms day. But there is a way to bring it back when it begins to get to far away. I dont have a equation for this but one could be made. The voltage is the speed of electrons. But Einstein's theory of relativity says's nothing can go faster than light. If Einstein is correct there should be a voltage that can't be achieved because the electrons can't go any faster. Or perhaps and this is where the artificial gravity comes in. When the voltage goes high enough the electrons begin to increase in mass. When the electrons mass becomes high enough gravity should form. with enough gravity the air around the device will compress. And time will move faster. If this was connected to a radio like a plasma speaker, a gravity speaker could be made. But there may be a law preventing g's from being generated if not may be there should be. 1g is perfect for keeping the moon where it is, generating to many g's may add to the total g's of earth and bring the moon off orbit and could have more serious consequences. But if used by nasa this could bring the moon closer to earth. but if you went far away from our solar system where a massive amount of mass wont do any harm a time machine could be made. But a time machine would need so much mass that if placed to close to our solar system it could bring the planets off orbit. Do not attempt building this device without getting permission from the government.
Title: Re: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: Pmb on 09/05/2012 18:20:10
The moon moving further away from the Earth because everything is ether moving closer or further, just be glad its not getting closer;
That's misleading. There is no inherent reason for things to move closer to or further from other things. I've noticed that the distance from my bedroom door to my front door hasn't changed in quite some time.  lol!

The distance between the Earth and Moon is changingf because the Moon exerts tial forces on the Earth and those tidal forces do work on the Earth. This gives a decreasing total kinetic energy of the Earth/Moon system which results in the incerase in the Earth/Moon distance.

The voltage is the speed of electrons. But Einstein's theory of relativity says's nothing can go faster than light. If Einstein is correct there should be a voltage that can't be achieved because the electrons can't go any faster.
What does this have to do with the OP's question?
Title: Re: Why is the moon moving further away from the Earth?
Post by: Bored chemist on 10/05/2012 21:05:05
This
"The voltage is the speed of electrons. But Einstein's theory of relativity says's nothing can go faster than light. If Einstein is correct there should be a voltage that can't be achieved because the electrons can't go any faster." is mainly wrong anyway, so who cares what it has to do with the OP which was six years ago?