Naked Science Forum
Non Life Sciences => Physics, Astronomy & Cosmology => Topic started by: thedoc on 20/06/2011 15:28:49
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By learning from pterosaurs we may be able to make aircrafts more manouverable.
Read the whole story on our website by clicking here (http://www.thenakedscientists.com/HTML/content/news/news/2306/)
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The next in military aviation :)
The pterosaur.
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It's all about the control system. If pterosaurs had the ability to control a forward rudder properly, it would have improved their maneuverability by trading off intrinsic stability.
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I think the all singing all dancing umpteen million pound modern fighter aircraft is one of the the most useless pieces of military equipment ever designed.
Spitfires and Messerschmidts were cheap enough to deploy in an actual war situation and had some effect on the outcome but modern planes are too expensive to risk and are about as useful as a F1 machine on the road.
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Quite so syhprum, and the often overlooked Hawker Hurricane (http://www.aviation-history.com/hawker/hurrcane.html) shows just how cheap yet effectice a war plane can be.
So expensive are modern war planes that the military are turning to unmanned drones. With the cost of Typhoon Eurofighter at around £86m, it can be a great saving if you only pay around £10m for a drone, I think (https://www.thenakedscientists.com/forum/proxy.php?request=http%3A%2F%2Fbestsmileys.com%2Fclueless%2F1.gif&hash=ba6e884e2ac18d739c0e89967c82862b). But will all these advances in drone technology just lead us back to the same high costs for drones as for manned warplanes?
Perhaps if the fear of losing a well trained pilot were still present, we might be a little more reluctant to send in the bombers in the first place.
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I suppose it isn't quite the same, but canards have been incorporated in many different aircraft for years.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canard_(aeronautics)
If one was adding a forward tail, I would think that one might choose to do both a forward and a rearward tail, somewhat like having 4 wheel turning on vehicles.
I agree is is a little silly to spend about $2 Billion per airplane (B-2) to invade a country like Afghanistan with a $25 Billion GNP.
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I can't help thinking that the answer to the question "Can Pterosaurs be used to model aircraft?"
is
"No, because they are all dead."
Being fossils and made of rock, they don't fly very well.
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"No, because they are all dead."
Being fossils and made of rock, they don't fly very well.
Don't you believe that the "reconstructions" are 100% accurate?
And that a species that obviously wasn't competitive enough to survive would be a better model than those that did actually survive.
Here is a Wikipedia image with quite a spectacular skull.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pteranodon_sternbergi_pair.jpg
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When a bird is attacking prey, it needs precise positioning of its head. This may be different than an airplane that needs to position the entire aircraft. Also, undoubtedly the entire neck would move in the direction of the turn which may prove to be different than having a fixed wing location on an aircraft.
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As I have explained before, I am no scientist, much less an aeronautics engineer. But I gave this question much consideration and then sat down and ritteded out (using two fingers) my thoughts. Java updated, kicked me out of everything and I cannot recover my post. (https://www.thenakedscientists.com/forum/proxy.php?request=http%3A%2F%2Fbestsmileys.com%2Fangry1%2F6.gif&hash=387cb6391105a8c2c22256ae136fb077)
I'm not doing it all again!!!
So in brief, Pterosaurs were not capable of powered flight, they were gliders. Modern birds are capable of powered flight. To change direction quickly a bird needs to flap its wings to increase the airflow over the tail feathers. It can also alter its wing shape and attitude independently, thus giving varying power from each wing. The pterosaurs, on the other hand, had its greatest airflow at its head. Therefore, positioning of the rudder would be more effective on the head, rather than at the rear. So it seems to me that this might also be the case in a drone with its power source being at the rear, thus pushing the drone through the air, rather than pulling it.
The one thing I do wonder about, in this quest for tight turns, is just how tight can a turn be made at high speed? I would think a tight turn would be partly dependant on the speed of the aircraft. The faster it travels, the wider the turn.
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The reason for putting the tail at the rear of the aircraft (other than tails typically aren't at the front of anything).
Anyway, it gives stability to the craft.
Consider what would happen if an airplane suddenly starts flying sideways in the wind. If the tail is at the rear of the craft, then the cross-wind would push that part of the craft around behind and the craft would spin to the point where it is once again heading into the wind.
If the rudder was at the front of the craft, then the crosswind would be more likely to push that to the rear, and the plane would suddenly find itself flying backwards, which often is undesirable.
I wonder if you had a multi-engined aircraft, perhaps with rear mounted engines or exhaust ports (or perhaps wing mounted), and had a thrust imbalance (perhaps a dead engine). Would a lack of a tail rudder cause the airplane to enter a spin?
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I can see it. Our Swedish prototype, hungrily turning its head looking for prey.
Take that StarTrek..
:)
With their trusty 'operators' hiding somewhere near, on this..
Hah. (http://www.gizmag.com/hoverbike/18813/)