Naked Science Forum
On the Lighter Side => New Theories => Topic started by: Gustav on 01/02/2013 10:56:14
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Introduction and Purpose
Relativity is a strange topic because it is respective of Reference Frames. Typically, human beings have the hardest time visualizing reality from radically different Reference Frames than the one to which we are accustomed. This makes it especially hard for us as human beings to conceptualize the entire cosmos, where reference frames are quite diverse.
The purpose of this work is to discuss the implications of Reference Frames in the evolution of the Universe. The Reference Frame of the Singularity is so radically different from that of Earth that it is difficult for the human mind to comprehend. Yet it is utterly important and relevant to a complete understanding of the order of the Universe. The author will refer to a classical gravitational singularities as "Singularity", while referring to the "Big Bang" singularity as the "Origin Singularity."
This work will also address two of physics' largest mysteries by analyzing the Universe and its evolution in terms of multiple Reference Frames based in a strictly four-dimensional space-time.This process will be functionally similar to the Big Bang, but in super-slow-motion and played out over a literal eternity, like a cosmic fugue. The "treadmill" mechanism allowing these phase changes is believed to be a complex transition in the qualitative and quantitative properties of space-time itself.
Further, this work will discuss the properties of space-time (or the visible Universe at any rate) which cause it to behave both as a particle and as a wave. This is groundbreaking in that it has the potential to unify many hitherto impossibly separated theories. The author finds it noteworthy to mention that this cosmological model somewhat vindicates Sir Fred Hoyle and also relies on Hawking Radiation as an accepted phenomenon.
Finally, this work will address the properties of the Null Dimension, a Non-Euclidean geometric construct devoid of space or time but where the vast majority of the mass of the Universe is nevertheless hypothesized to exist. This region exists equidistant from every point in space-time but almost totally separated from it. Space-time and Euclidean geometry itself are constructs framed entirely around the surface of the Null Dimension.
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Part I: Relativity Is Relative
Reference Frames are very important in the field of Relativity. One cannot simply ignore a particular Reference Frame because it is convenient. Relativity mandates that the conditions in every Reference Frame are simultaneously true. Therefore, one must consider each of the Reference Frames involved in each phase of the evolution of the Universe. Only then can we have a full understanding of cosmology and the Forces which govern the Universe.
The Reference Frame of a Singularity is independent of any discreet events. This is because the surface of any Singularity is actually a complex Non-Euclidian volumeless manifold. This boundary, for all intents and purposes, defines the border between events occurring and events never occurring from the Reference Frame of the Singularity. Therefore, the Singularity itself actually consists of multiple Reference Frames, though one of these is absolute and the other is of indeterminate energy level.
The Big Bang, beginning as a Singularity and ending in our Universe, included a Singularity in its history. For this reason, one must consider the Singularity itself when one considers the entirety of the Universe. If no events can occur within the Singularity's internalized Reference Frame, it is incapable of losing mass. That is; from the Singularity's perspective, even if the Big Bang is precisely and entirely correct, it never actually lost any mass because this would constitute the occurrence of an event. This creates a duality between the observable Universe at any point in its evolution and the Reference Frame of the Singularity itself.
Further, considering the Reference Frame very near the Big Bang singularity, one is forced to come to the conclusion that vanishingly few events occur there per unit of any observer's time anywhere else in the Universe. Space-time is simply too curved to permit the occurrence of numerous events in this space. This is why not even light can escape a Singularity's event horizon. The lack of event frequency in proximity to the Origin Singularity prevents the formation of any complex system requiring numerous cycles, because these cycles simply do not experience enough time to occur.
Finally, as an observer's Reference Frame moves increasingly further from the surface of the Singularity, an increasing number of events can occur in local space-time. This means that from any observer's point of view which is not the Singularity or any particle emitted from the Singularity, that particle will appear to accelerate as it moves through the gradient of the field of space-time expressed around the singularity. The author theorizes that the apparent (but non-energetic) acceleration of the Universe can be explained by this phenomenon alone.
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Part II: Darkness Within Darkness Without
The two biggest questions in Physics today are, "What is Dark Matter?" and, "What is Dark Energy?" Science has defined these terms in the context of the problems that they pose. Dark Matter, for example, is "blamed" for discrepancies between observed and predicted galactic rotations, along with many anomalous results of surveys cataloguing gravity lensing effects. Dark Energy, on the other hand, is "blamed" for driving the apparent acceleration of all macrocosmic bodies in space-time away from one-another. Conventional Big Bang theory explains neither of these phenomena, nor have the most likely candidates for the production of these phenomena been found through experimentation. While it is impossible to prove a negative, these failures encourage the examination of alternative explanations. This work is one such effort.
If the Origin Singularity is capable of expressing the visible Universe and all associated space-time as a field around its surface, the resultant curvature of space-time would be extreme. It would also have properties that would be considered strange and marvelous by Newtonian standards. The author maintains that the Singularity's continued existence explains both Dark mysteries in one relativistic stroke.
A mass of any volume equal to or less than its associated Schwartzchild Metric is considered to be a Singularity. Conventionally, we think of the Schwartzchild Radius as the absolute geometry of a Singularity, but the possibility exists that this is not true. Four-dimensional space can be convoluted into a null-dimensional manifold in constructs such as the classical "Klein Bottle." In such a construct, it is possible for any finite amount of matter and energy to effectively be contained in a Non-Euclidian zero volume manifold. That is, it can exist sub-dimensionally in a construct ouside of space-time.
In such a construct, the Singularity would be equidistant from all points in space-time, which is expressed over its "surface." In a sense, four dimensions are expressed in none, and vice-versa. This means that the Origin Singularity would have a strange, finite, minuscule, but equal tensor to matter and energy at all points in the space-time continuum. Such a tensor would appear to have some very interesting properties, potentially including the conveyance of mass. It is probable, within the context of this model, that the Origin Singularity and the Higgs Boson are one in the same.
If true, this would mean that all black holes, supermassive or otherwise, are all interconnected beneath space-time. Effectively, they would all share some portion of mass with the Origin Singularity due to Gauss' Law of Gravitation. This mass sharing by means of such an exotic tensor may explain the apparent "extra mass" in galactic clusters, as well as providing the extra mass necessary for galaxies to maintain their observed rotations.
Finally, the steep curvature of space-time such an Origin Singularity could produce would have a pronounced effect on how objects in space-time appear to move. Very near the Origin Singularity, such objects would appear to move very slowly (if at all) to an external observer, but as such objects moved away from the Non-Euclidian "center of the Universe" through space-time, they would appear to increase in velocity from the Reference Frame of an external observer, despite not expending any additional energy. This apparent acceleration, as observed from any unique Reference Frame, would be entirely the result of relativity.
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Part III: Field of Dreams
When modeling an Origin Singularity using classical Big Bang physics, it becomes necessary to invoke mechanisms such as Alan Guth's "Cosmic Inflation," a process during which space itself is alleged to have expanded faster than the speed of light. This is because, by conventional cosmology, it is impossible to account for the ubiquitous presence of the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation radiating from all points in the observable Universe in all directions. Guth devised Cosmic Inflation as a mechanism to cope with this apparent problem.
Another possible model of the Universe, where the Origin Singularity exists in a binary state, can be thought of less as a "Bang," but more as a "Fizz." According to Steven Hawking, the rate of evaporation of a Singularity is inversely proportional to its mass. Therefore, according to Hawking, ephemeral "micro black holes" evaporate almost instantly, while supermassive black holes evaporate much more slowly. It would stand to reason, then, that a particle with mass approaching that of the entire Universe would in fact evaporate extremely slowly. Further, this evaporation could be detected as microwaves. In such a model, the Universe does not burst instantly into existence from one point alone, but rather coalesces gradually over endless eons from all points in space-time. However, this is not the full story.
At some point, any observer in the Universe who could possibly do so may eventually observe the edge of the space-time field. This distant band of space-time would be radically different than our own Reference Frame. Near the edge of space-time, almost everything happens almost all at once. Events occur so rapidly as observed from anywhere else that they become completely indistinguishable from one-another. At such far-flung locales, black holes inevitably consume all local matter and energy, leaving no mechanism by which the field of space-time may continue to be propagated.
At that moment, all matter and energy that existed in that specific Reference Frame in space-time would return seamlessly to the Origin Singularity. Anyone capable of observing this would see the matter and energy disappear into the black hole's event horizon as all further observation became completely impossible (and utterly meaningless). Everything would literally go dark. Meanwhile, from the Reference Frame of the Origin Singularity, because it never experienced any events in the first place the matter and energy being returned to it from the edge of its space-time field were not ever actually missing. Their absence, from that Reference Frame, was entirely virtual.
It is interesting to note that in a vacuum we observe virtual particles, but in the Origin Singularity the author predicts virtual particles of negative mass. These particles would be analogous to virtual particles in a vacuum, but their energy and mass values would be subtractive, rather than additive. Because from its Reference Frame these particles don't actually do anything (because no events occur) their existence is purely a theoretical construct. Nevertheless, the correlation between virtual massive particles in a vacuum and virtual negative-mass particles contained within a singularity poses an intriguing question, "Is anything actually absolute?"
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Part IV: Nothing Is Literally Absolute
The Universe appears to try quite hard to maintain a consistent and even gradient of space-time, just like a magnetic field typically also has a smooth curvature, even if it is expressed by a rough or variable surface. As such, the Universe is naturally resistant to the existence of a vacuum, since the absence of matter and energy in any location would create a "weak spot" in an otherwise smooth (even if steeply-curved) field of space-time. We know from experimental evidence in the fields of quantum physics and solid-state electronics alike that an infinite number of virtual particles exist in a vacuum. The origin of these virtual particles along with their transient nature may, in fact, be further clues as to the nature of the Universe itself.
In all systems everywhere in space-time, entropy is the predominantly anticipated outcome. Over a great enough time, it is predicted by thermodynamics that every system in space-time will eventually give way to chaos. In other words, over a great enough period of time any closed system will cease to function as a closed system. The author supposes that beneath the confines of space-time the converse is true: All entropy will give way to a singular ordered system. Since ordered systems require space-time to operate and exist, this presents an obvious equilibrium. The Origin Singularity, constantly sheared by the flux of space-time at and near its surface, would evaporate into space-time in apparently chaotic spurts of Hawking Radiation. However, because the Universe appears to strive for equilibrium, the author expects that at the opposing end of the field of space-time, this emergent chaos should return to the order found within the Origin Singularity.
Thus, the absence of matter in the Bulk Vacuum surrounding the Universe exerts an evaporative pressure on the Origin Singularity. This pressure is not absolute, however. Due to the nature of space-time and its relationship to the Origin Singularity (which exists in a binary state being both evaporative and non-evaporative simultaneously from its own Reference Frame), any disorder expressed within space-time itself must by necessity return to its original state, where it is integrated back into the order of the Origin Singularity "at rest." This process is analogous to the solving of literally any equation by performing identical operations to the terms on either side of the operator.
Since the Long Fizz model predicts that the Universe exists simultaneously as a particle (the Origin Singularity) and a wave (the space-time field), there is by necessity a lack of absolute determinism. The author asserts, on a macroscopic scale, the Universe itself behaves essentially like any other quantum particle. It is this duality that represents the final merit of this work. For the first time that this author is aware of, a real connection has been made between Newtonian (or macroscopic) physics and Quantum physics.
The predicted properties of the Universe, then, would be that it acts like particles which we have already observed. It has energy states, mass, spin, and polarity. Each is necessary to describe a quantum system and, further, the author believes each is necessary to describe the macroscopic system of the Universe.
The discreet energy levels of the Universe may be thought of as "bands" of similar space-time, each allowing for apparently "differing" rules of physics and each with a set of rules allowing for higher energy levels than the last. This is, again, due to the ability for ever-increasing numbers of events to occur within the local space within each band.
That the Universe has mass would seem obvious, though the author concedes that in certain cosmological models the net energy of the Universe is zero. This work, however, does not describe such a system.
The universe has a spin, as evidenced by chirality (and more specifically, the observation that our observable Universe appears to be chirality-left dominant). Considering the Universe as a particle with a spin, it is logical to assume that one hemisphere of the particle would favor chirality-right dominance while the opposite hemisphere would favor chirality-left dominance. The reason for this phenomenon is the Coriolis Effect. Few other potential explanations exist for the Universe's apparent favoritism for a particular chiral preference.
The polarity of the Universe is a new construct this work hopes to introduce to the physics community. The author asserts that in a Universe dominated by an Origin Singularity, the Universe itself would be polarized. This would lead to one hemisphere being matter-dominant (as is ours) and the other hemisphere being antimatter-dominant. The author does not suggest that the Universe has an absolute charge or polarity, but rather that (statistically) polarity is inverted within opposing hemispheres of the Origin Singularity. This is consistent with all other bodies in space exhibiting polarity (a magnet's south pole, for example, is not entirely devoid of flux with a northern orientation). This theoretical polarity of the two hemispheres of the universe solves many problems with symmetry as well as the matter/antimatter conundrum.
If the entire universe, in fact, behaves as a single particle and simultaneously as a wave then literally nothing in space-time can be considered as absolute. That is to say, the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle governs not just the realm of the very small, but also the realm of the very large. It would appear, from the author's limited perspective, that the Origin Singularity has gone to great lengths to express a Universe which itself has gone to even greater lengths just to be seen by an observer. In quantum physics it is impossible to know the precise energy state of a particle because the act of observation changes its current energy state. Given the hypothesized binary nature of the Origin Singularity, it would appear to the author that the same can be said of the Universe itself.
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Conclusions
The author concludes that the Big Bang is still occurring very slowly. It originates in a Non-Euclidean geometry beneath space-time which is occupied by a Singularity containing the vast majority (some 73-90%) of the mass of the entire Universe. Due to space-time curvature, the occurrence of events inside this Non-Euclidean zero-volume manifold are impossible. However, because of the complex topology of the Non-Euclidean manifold containing the Singularity, it experiences temporal shearing at its surface. In this zone, events can occur, permitting the phenomenon of Hawking Radiation to govern the behavior of the Universe.
This creates a binary system in which the Singularity simultaneously contains the entire mass of the Universe and some amount of mass that is less than the entire mass of the Universe. The remaining mass has been evaporated and is variable, depending on the Reference Frame of the observer. Observers near the edge of space-time would observe a greater discrepancy of mass between the observable Universe and the Origin Singularity. Observers very near the Origin Singularity, however, would find its mass to be a considerably complete portion of the entire mass of the Universe.
Such a condition would create an extremely steep curvature of space-time, and one wildly different than is predicted by the Big Bang. In such a curvature, very little would be visible beyond a specific time in the past because events could not occur there with enough frequency to produce significant and detectable quantities of photon emissions. However, as the Origin Singularity continues to evaporate, ever-increasing energy levels become possible.
In the fullness of time itself, the duality of the Universe and the Origin Singularity must be unified. This may not be strictly true, but for any mathematical model to be successful, the author must assume that it is implicitly true. Therefore, the author considers the manifold of space-time to be analogous to the zero-volume manifold of Non-Euclidean space occupied by the singularity. In fact, space-time is a literal extension of this geometry. The author's best approximation for a description of the field of space-time is a Klein Bottle properly represented in four-dimensions.
Finally, the author must conclude that the Universe is in a state of resonance, like all other particles expressed in space-time. That is, it exists in an infinite number of states at once, expressing each in a series of phases. Just as with virtual particles in a vacuum, particle pairs are radiated from each of the Singularity's poles only to be re-transmitted to the Null Dimension at the end of space-time. This produces a visual image of the Universe as a whole which is compellingly similar to the electron clouds revealed by Atomic Force Microscopy. Only by observing the Universe can we isolate it into a particular state.
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Part I: Relativity is Relative - Thought Experiment
This thought experiment is very similar to thought experiments carried out by Albert Einstein during his development of Special Relativity. This experiment, however, also incorporates General Relativity.
Imagine that you are on a train that weighs a googol pounds. That is a very heavy train! Now imagine that your googol-pound-train is approaching another train that weighs only fifty thousand pounds. We'll assume that the absolute velocities of the trains are equal; that is, each conductor's speedometer indicates that they are traveling 100 mph.
Because your train weighs vastly more than the other train, to an observer on the opposing train your train would appear to move more slowly than their lighter train. Conversely, from your perspective the lighter train would appear to have a much, much greater velocity. The absolute velocities of the trains remain the same, however.
As your trains approach, from your perspective the faster (lighter) train appears to pass your heavy train by very quickly. But from the perspective of a passenger on the lighter train, your train appears to be approaching quite slowly. Both conditions are necessarily true at the same time.
Only by considering the masses of the respective trains can a scientist determine the absolute velocity of a train on which he is not riding.
In a sense any given Singularity is the googol-pound-train, while our planet Earth is like the fifty thousand pound train. We perceive particles near such massive bodies to be less energetic than particles nearer our own less-massive earth. The Origin Singularity can be thought of as a near-infinity-pound-train. Passengers on the fifty-thousand pound train would observe no movement whatsoever on such a massive opposing train.
This is the dilemma of the Origin Singularity, one which is not properly addressed by the Big Bang Theory.
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Part II: Darkness Within Darkness Without - Thought Experiments
Dark Matter and Dark Energy are really, really big mysteries. To define what they are is currently impossible, as they are currently unexplained phenomena. However, by performing the following two thought experiments, one is able to conceive of a possible mechanism (anchored in Relativity) for these two strangely apparent problems.
Before beginning the thought experiments, take a moment to consider the following definitions:
Dark Matter: n, (cosmology) a hypothetical form of matter that is believed to make up 90 percent of the universe; it is invisible (does not absorb or emit light) and does not collide with atomic particles but exerts gravitational force
Dark Energy: n, (cosmology) a hypothetical form of energy that permeates all of space and tends to accelerate the expansion of the universe and is believed to account for 73 percent of the mass-energy of the universe
One cannot ignore the obvious fact that these percentages add up to more than one hundred. In other words, before beginning these thought experiments, the reader should consider the unavoidable fact that Dark Matter and Dark Energy share the spotlight as candidates for making up the vast majority of the Universe's mass-energy. The author believes that this cannot be a coincidence and that the two "phenomena" are in fact a unity of mass-energy precisely because that is what they are by necessity.
For the purposes of this first thought experiment, the reader is encouraged to pretend to be a person of low morality and scruples. This is not meant to be insulting - it is necessary to frame the context of the full thought experiment:
Pretend you entered a fishing tournament and caught what you are certain will be a state record trout. However, you caught the lunker first thing in the morning, and you planned to fish all day. So you put the monster in the livewell and keep fishing.
As the day progresses, the lunker loses mass in the captivity of the livewell. You know, as an experienced angler, that this is the case. The mass is excreted from the fish for a variety of reasons, but its mass will certainly be lower than when it was caught.
The moment of truth arrives when the contest ends and a delegate will weigh all the fish in front of a large crowd. It is then that you realize that the delegate assigned to weigh your fish is a very, very corpulant man. His girth is so excessive that he literally blots out the fish and the scale from the audience's view. In fact, he is so large that he cannot even see the fish's tail hanging from the dangling scale due to his own belly fat. Seeing this, you realize that opportunity has struck!
You reach over while he's stringing up your fish to the scale, and you pinch the tail. This effectively imparts a small portion of the mass of your body (your fingers, hand, arm, etc.) to the fish, causing its weight to measure greater than (you) expected. Because of the judge's obesity, you are able to do this without getting caught and in fact go down in the record books as the catcher of your state's biggest trout ever.
In this experiment, the corpulant judge represents the majority of the entire Universe (including all of the observable Universe except the one particular galaxy of interest). It's big, it's sloppy, and it's constantly in the way of its own measurements. In this thought experiment, the fish represents the one galaxy that a scientist may be interested in measuring. It has an expected mass (what it looks like) and a different observational mass (what it actually weighs). Finally, you represent the Origin Singularity, and your arm and hand pinching the tail of the fish represents the tensor of Dark Matter on all observable galaxies.
By imparting some of your mass to the fish, it appears to weigh more. Similarly, by imparting some of its mass to each galaxy in space-time, the Origin Singularity cheats the weights of the galaxies, making them all measure heavier than they actually appear to be.
The following companion experiment attempts to explain the properties of Dark Energy in a similar context:
Imagine that you are literally immune to the pressures and effects of time and gravity themselves! Now imagine that you find yourself within a Singularity. Which Singularity you are in does not matter for the purposes of this thought experiment, so let's say you're in the Milky Way's supermassive black hole.
Let's assume that you can easily maintain a walking speed of 3 mph. Now assume that you decide to walk out of the Milky Way's black hole. Further, assume an astronomer is watching you from an orbital station anywhere else in the Universe.
As you walk away from the black hole you maintain your walkng speed of 3 mph from your Reference Frame. But because you are moving through a gravity well, your Reference Frame is different than that of our astronomer observer. From his vantage point, you appear to be accelerating away from the black hole's event horizon. You will continue to appear to accelerate from his perspective until you reach an area of space-time curvature that is "flat" with respect to the observer's space-time, at which point your acceleration would appear to end.
Bear in mind your velocity has been constantly 3 mph and you have exerted no extra energy to attain this apparent acceleration.
If the curvature of space-time were steep enough, and your observer's Reference Frame were sufficiently discrete, you would appear to accelerate forever. Further, if you were to orient your view on the observer, they would appear to accelerate away from you forever, too, due to the constant expansive movement of the universe through space-time.
This is the mechanism the author suggests to explain Dark Energy. It is a relativistic illusion. The "apparent" energy manifested by Dark Energy is a trick of space-time and is not present in the observed moving bodies at all, but in the field of space-time through which said bodies move.
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Part III: Field of Dreams - Thought Experiment
The Field of Dreams section is particularly tough, because it deals with fields which can only be represented well by sophisticated maths. That said, there are a number of toy models that can be used as plausible analogs for the exotic field of space-time. The following thought experiment is a toy model of the Long Fizz space-time field derived from a phenomenon familiar to nearly everyone on earth:
Imagine that you are a molecule of liquid water floating on the surface of one of the Great Lakes in the US. You are nominally attracted to and repelled from some of other water molecules in your vicinity because you are a polar molecule and happen to be aligned with some of the water molecules. Conversely, you are also repelled from other water molecules that do not share your alignment. At the end of the day this means you drift about the surface of the lake in Brownian near-equilibrium until something changes.
Change comes in the form of photons from the sun striking the molecules on the surface of the lake, imparting added energy to each. Following the inverse-square principle, water molecules closest to the surface absorb the most energy. You, being particularly lucky, manage to absorb enough energy to evaporate and ascend into the firmament! You have undergone a phase change and are now a molecule of vaporous water, rather than liquid.
Now buoyant in the atmosphere due to heat, air current, and the blind chance of Brownian motion, you gradually ascend higher and higher until you move into a band of the atmosphere that is sufficiently cooler than the media from which you emerged to cause you to experience a phase change back to a molecule of liquid water. When this happens, you lose your buoyancy and plummet back to the surface of the lake again with legions of other re-liquefied water molecules in the form of a raindrop, only to start the cycle anew.
In this toy model, the water molecule actually represents any discreet quanta at all, be it massive or massless. Temporal shearing imparts energy to otherwise static particles in the same way that sunlight imparts energy to otherwise near-static water molecules. Through a change of phase the water attains buoyancy in a similar fashion as the liberated quanta. At the edge of space-time, as in a sufficiently elevated area of the earth's atmosphere, the particle's energy level must invariably drop and it is simultaneously returned to the source from which it was emitted.
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Part IV: Nothing Is Literally Absolute - Thought Experiment
This is where the Long Fizz becomes the most difficult to understand. Quantum physics is strange enough when we manage to confine it to a very small scale, but when it is suddenly ramped up to the size of the entire Universe it becomes maddeningly difficult. For that reason the author will attempt to build another toy model for the reader's benefit. This toy model, however, makes an attempt to accurately portray the properties of the Universe from all Reference Frames throughout all space-time and even beneath space-time, within the Null Dimension. Obviously, this toy model still relies on a system based in Euclidean (or real) space. The reader is asked to make a leap of intuition alone to bridge the gap between a fully Euclidean topology and an entirely Non-Euclidean one:
Imagine that you are the director of the next Alka-Seltzer commercial. But besides this, you are also an avid amateur theoretician. So while you film the commercial (on a super-high-speed HD camera), you plan to use your footage to complete a model of what the Universe might look like if the Big Bang were actually a Long Fizz. Fortunately, the Alka-Seltzer has you covered in the fizz department!
You plop the tablets into the transparent glass cup and begin rolling. Immediately, tiny carbon dioxide bubbles begin to roll off the tablet, and you capture this process in stunning HD on your super high speed digital camera. When the tablet is fully dissolved, you call, "Cut!" and take your prize to your video editing studio, where you plan to do your cosmological modeling on the clock.
You copy the video footage to the video editing station and crop it so that it begins with two stationary tablets about to begin to fizz. You crop it at the other end of the video so that it ends with the last tiny fragments of tablet giving rise to a final fizzle of carbon dioxide bubbles. Then you duplicate the track and reverse it. Finally, you splice the two mirrored tracks together at the end/beginning.
Now you watch the video, and you see very clearly that the tablet dissolves and then reforms exactly as it originally was. Satisfied that you have the first part of your model complete, you begin the incredibly tedious process of completing your complete model of the Long Fizz.
You copy the spliced video file, advancing the time index by one frame and pasting it in over the top of the previous file. You configure the software to loop the ends, so that when you ignore the frame advancement the video still shows the same process. You repeat this over and over again for every possible frame position of the video. It takes you hours or days, depending on the equipment, but when you finish you have...something. But what does it look like?
The video you produced actually shows the tablet at every phase of its dissolution and reformation simultaneously! At any point in the video you would be able to identify the tablet itself and the "cloud" of carbon dioxide bubbles dissipated around it. And each of these bubbles would also be displayed in the resultant video in each position that they moved through during their travel. The video would be static, as changes would be totally invisible. But it was composed of a series of dynamic, moving videos! As every change of every state is depicted in every frame, the moving video has become stationary. Most importantly, though, you've gotten an idea of how a process that can be described mechanically can actually be made to appear static.
You watched a video of clear transitions morph into a photograph of infinitely discreet yet interconnected states before your very eyes. Interestingly, this photograph would have a "running time" and would consist of considerably more bits than were required to represent it visually. This is desirable, because it is quite similar to the Universe and its alternate state as the Origin Singularity.
This is one of the best toy models in existence for the Long Fizz Theory because it adequately represents the processes at work and how they can add up to an apparently static entity when observed in their natural quantum state (that is, all possible conditions at the same time). We, as human beings, exist in the Universe, analogous to a bubble somewhere in one layer of that video. We experience events, we see the universe as dynamic and moving. If we permit ourselves to understand all available Reference Frames, however, a clear and nearly static picture comes into view, emerging from all of the apparent activity.
In this model, the Universe as a whole cannot be defined as analagous to the Alka-Seltzer tablet alone, nor its resultant fizz. That's because it is simultaneously one and the same, existing in each possible state simultaneously. We know this to be true in terms of Relativity. We also know this to be true in terms of Quantum Mechanics. This, then, is the entire basis for The Long Fizz Theory.