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Non Life Sciences => Physics, Astronomy & Cosmology => Topic started by: jeffreyH on 03/10/2015 12:35:51

Title: Does the De Broglie equation relate to all particles?
Post by: jeffreyH on 03/10/2015 12:35:51
Can the relationship f307fa17a0af8628e1bc2b328c32a77b.gif apply to all particles? If so then does d2606be4e0cd2c9a6179c8f2e3547a85.gif still represent mv?
Title: Re: Does the De Broglie equation relate to all particles?
Post by: chiralSPO on 03/10/2015 16:07:27
I believe the relationship holds for all particles. ρ = mv for all particles except for a photon, for which mv doesn't make any sense... so it's just ρ = h/λ...
Title: Re: Does the De Broglie equation relate to all particles?
Post by: jeffreyH on 03/10/2015 16:24:21
That is what I thought. Just confirming it. So then particles with mass have the relationship 32a2982c18b46680269bdd2f63f45b44.gif which cannot be true for massless particles traveling with a set velocity.

So then we should be able to say since 2258ccc75de6846917ae8b7cadd26733.gif then kinetic energy can be expressed as fb8acd2944377502857697dacc407d8f.gif. This will then reduce to 49c8c9e785ca36b04cf30dd7d3923af8.gif. If I am wrong I would like to know.

It is interesting to consider that when c=G=1 then 2m describes the radius of the event horizon of a black hole.
Title: Re: Does the De Broglie equation relate to all particles?
Post by: chiralSPO on 03/10/2015 17:57:57
That is what I thought. Just confirming it. So then particles with mass have the relationship 32a2982c18b46680269bdd2f63f45b44.gif which cannot be true for massless particles traveling with a set velocity.

So then we should be able to say since 2258ccc75de6846917ae8b7cadd26733.gif then kinetic energy can be expressed as fb8acd2944377502857697dacc407d8f.gif. This will then reduce to 49c8c9e785ca36b04cf30dd7d3923af8.gif. If I am wrong I would like to know.

This algebra looks correct to me.  32a2982c18b46680269bdd2f63f45b44.gif is true for light, but it just reduces to 1 = 1, so it's just not a useful expression on its own. You can't get from there to the v of a massless particle, but the rest of the math works just fine for particles with mass.


It is interesting to consider that when c=G=1 then 2m describes the radius of the event horizon of a black hole.

I don't know what c and G mean here, they are not mentioned previously in this post.
Title: Re: Does the De Broglie equation relate to all particles?
Post by: jeffreyH on 03/10/2015 18:01:24
I mean when c and G are eliminated for convenience when working out gravitational equations. Sorry for the confusion. Please ignore that reference. It was an afterthought.
Title: Re: Does the De Broglie equation relate to all particles?
Post by: jeffreyH on 03/10/2015 18:19:36
That is what I thought. Just confirming it. So then particles with mass have the relationship 32a2982c18b46680269bdd2f63f45b44.gif which cannot be true for massless particles traveling with a set velocity.

So then we should be able to say since 2258ccc75de6846917ae8b7cadd26733.gif then kinetic energy can be expressed as fb8acd2944377502857697dacc407d8f.gif. This will then reduce to 49c8c9e785ca36b04cf30dd7d3923af8.gif. If I am wrong I would like to know.

This algebra looks correct to me.  32a2982c18b46680269bdd2f63f45b44.gif is true for light, but it just reduces to 1 = 1, so it's just not a useful expression on its own. You can't get from there to the v of a massless particle, but the rest of the math works just fine for particles with mass.


It is interesting to consider that when c=G=1 then 2m describes the radius of the event horizon of a black hole.

I don't know what c and G mean here, they are not mentioned previously in this post.

I think you may have missed my point. I was referring th the form 1da10f7008c6713a9cb99b2b9bbd5c12.gif. It depends upon whether this expression can be true for massive particles. I may have gotten it the wrong way round. If it is true then other things follow. It requires the wavelength to be constant for massive particles in the local F o R.
Title: Re: Does the De Broglie equation relate to all particles?
Post by: jeffreyH on 03/10/2015 18:37:08
To illustrate the point the equation can be reformulated as 5a86cd0cadb4db53c885f9895d37fde4.gif showing the spread in the wavelength due to kinetic energy and therefore momentum. What, however, happens relativistically?
Title: Re: Does the De Broglie equation relate to all particles?
Post by: chiralSPO on 03/10/2015 18:53:43
p = mv is a simplified equation that breaks down at relativistic speeds, gets supplanted by another more complex equation:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy%E2%80%93momentum_relation
http://www.microscopy.ethz.ch/properties.htm
Title: Re: Does the De Broglie equation relate to all particles?
Post by: jeffreyH on 03/10/2015 20:14:24
Well that makes it more interesting and a bit of a challenge.
Title: Re: Does the De Broglie equation relate to all particles?
Post by: jeffreyH on 04/10/2015 00:00:49
OK so using the three-velocity where U = (ux, 0, 0) the particle can be constrained to move along the x-axis. So that 6e5e7363d6cfacc79bb48da684143168.gif. I will have to think a bit more how to incorporate this.
Title: Re: Does the De Broglie equation relate to all particles?
Post by: jeffreyH on 04/10/2015 01:28:34
I'll have a stab at a first step. So d921385628531d04cc3ccea3963240c3.gif. Then e196548657c5569298d0ed1c4eadb2f4.gif so 4a6cb8b4c05393ba5315349c4d40e51b.gif. The resulting equation should now be 67986bafc9800e7f0b7464ab1f0819f1.gif. I haven't rigorously checked this though.
Title: Re: Does the De Broglie equation relate to all particles?
Post by: PmbPhy on 08/10/2015 16:19:59
Quote from: jeffreyH
Can the relationship f307fa17a0af8628e1bc2b328c32a77b.gif apply to all particles? If so then does d2606be4e0cd2c9a6179c8f2e3547a85.gif still represent mv?
Yes.

Quote from: chiralSPO
I believe the relationship holds for all particles. ρ = mv for all particles except for a photon, for which mv doesn't make any sense...
If you're speaking about mass defined as proper mass then you're. However, if you were speaking about mass as the more useful concept relativistic mass (RM) then you'd be quite wrong.

Three texts which use RM are and calculate the mass of a photon are listed at:
http://home.comcast.net/~peter.m.brown/ref/relativistic_mass.htm

However, in my opinion, you should have made it clear to Jeff which mass you had in mind.

Most SR texts which use the concept of relativistic mass readily define mass as m = p/c or as m = hf/c2. I created list of such textbooks and placed it in a webpage on my old website. The texts I have listed there are

Relativity: Special, General and Cosmological by Wolfgang Rindler, Oxford Univ. Press, (2001).
From Introducing Einstein's Relativity by Ray D'Inverno, Oxford Univ. Press, (1992).
Special Relativity by A. P. French, MIT Press, (1968).

Those are just three. There are many else of course. These are just examples to illustrate the point.

Jeff: If you really want to read an article which makes all of this quite clear then you can read the article I wrote. It was published in an Indian Journal and is now in a book too. :)  It's online at:
http://arxiv.org/abs/0709.0687

Essentially the definition of inertial mass is quite simple and works in all possible situations of closed systems. I.e. mass is defined as the quantity m such that p = mv is a conserved quantity.
Title: Re: Does the De Broglie equation relate to all particles?
Post by: chiralSPO on 08/10/2015 17:22:10

If you're speaking about mass defined as proper mass then you're [ RIGHT??? ]. However, if you were speaking about mass as the more useful concept relativistic mass (RM) then you'd be quite wrong.
...
However, in my opinion, you should have made it clear to Jeff which mass you had in mind.
...

I mean proper mass. I rarely have to address relativistic mass, so my default has always been proper mass. I will always specify "relativistic" if that is what I mean. I suppose that for someone who constantly has to consider relativity, the opposite would be true, and proper mass would need to be specified, while relativistic mass would make a reasonable default...
Title: Re: Does the De Broglie equation relate to all particles?
Post by: lightarrow on 08/10/2015 17:36:15

If you're speaking about mass defined as proper mass then you're [ RIGHT??? ]. However, if you were speaking about mass as the more useful concept relativistic mass (RM) then you'd be quite wrong.
...
However, in my opinion, you should have made it clear to Jeff which mass you had in mind.
...

I mean proper mass. I rarely have to address relativistic mass, so my default has always been proper mass. I will always specify "relativistic" if that is what I mean. I suppose that for someone who constantly has to consider relativity, the opposite would be true, and proper mass would need to be specified, while relativistic mass would make a reasonable default...
It's the other way round.
Nuclear physicists, elementary particle physicists, high energies physicists and theoretical physicists always use "mass" as "invariant mass".
("Proper" mass is not correct for particles like photons).

--
lightarrow
Title: Re: Does the De Broglie equation relate to all particles?
Post by: jeffreyH on 09/10/2015 06:03:22
Jeff: If you really want to read an article which makes all of this quite clear then you can read the article I wrote. It was published in an Indian Journal and is now in a book too. :)  It's online at:
http://arxiv.org/abs/0709.0687

I have read the paper before but I will go back and review it again.
Title: Re: Does the De Broglie equation relate to all particles?
Post by: jeffreyH on 11/10/2015 17:46:59
I have been reading through Griffith's Introduction to Quantum Mechanics. It struck me that the kinetic equation from above 67986bafc9800e7f0b7464ab1f0819f1.gif was in a form similar to 702e085a89ad650c9f9b9884545d5447.gif. Since d2606be4e0cd2c9a6179c8f2e3547a85.gif and x are operators I am wondering how to modify the kinetic energy equation so that it is complex. Is it nonense to try?
Title: Re: Does the De Broglie equation relate to all particles?
Post by: jeffreyH on 11/10/2015 22:27:04
AS a side note but related in simple harmonic motion "the period of oscillation is independent of both the amplitude and gravitational acceleration". See

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_harmonic_motion#Mass_on_a_spring (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_harmonic_motion#Mass_on_a_spring)

If in this case the wavelength does not vary due to gravity then maybe the wave function is also unaffected by gravity and cannot be the cause of time dilation. An increase in relativistic mass however may affect the wave function. It may only apply to binding energy and not quark mass. So the quark masses should be neglected when determining relativistic mass. This would indicate a gluon/gluon type interaction if the force carrier for gravitation is at all gluon-like. THis increase in binding energy itself may slow down interactive processes.

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