Post by: McQueen on 27/03/2016 13:59:57
.=
therefore
conduction photons in the composite wave.The energy of the composite wave will be :
= 8.42 x 10 -26 J Working out the energy of the radio wave using planck's constant x frequency
=
= 8.6 x 10-26JIt is pleasing to observe the correlation between the number of conduction photons present in the composite wave to the energy of the composite wave. Even more interesting is what it means. It means that every part of the composite wave will have the same energy (i.e., in this case 8.6 x 10-26J. ) Here at last is a reasonable explanation for how radio waves measuring thousands of kilometres in length but yet possessing all the characteristics of a photon exist. i.e.,:
1) They are electrically neutral
2) They are massless
3) They always travel at the speed of light
4) They preserve their energy intact until detected or absorbed.
5) They have no taste and are odourless and so on.
can exist.
To repeat that statement: Here at last is a reasonable explanation of how electron's measuring just 10-15m can give rise to electromagnetic radio waves thousands of kilometres in length.
Thus all radio waves start of life as serially connected 'virtual lines of force' each line of force possessing the energy of a real 'conduction' photon (i.e., 1.6 x 10-19 J) if for some reason the connection with the 'receptive' electrons in the conductor is broken as for example the current is switched as in an alternating current. The lines of force re-orient themselves into a parallel force and the lines of force get re-arranged into a 'composite wave' each consisting of a number of parallel connected conduction photons equal in number to the wave length of the wave divided by the wave length of a conduction photon. Each photon in this 'composite wave' then possesses an energy equal to the energy of a 'conduction photon' divided by the number of conduction photons in the composite wave. In this way the electron is able to give birth to electromagnetic radiation of any wave-length needed , even if it is several hundreds or thousands of kilometres in length. The second proof that exists for the GAT theory that it is photons that conduct the electric energy in a circuit is as follows.
The second proof of GAT, that attempts to establish that it is photons that are the fundamental charge carriers in an electrical current and not electrons is as follows:
Electrons in random motion in a metal or even free electrons, are observed to move fast, often at near relativistic speeds. Yet, when the conductor is connected into a circuit, those same electrons that were moving so fast , suddenly slow down to an incredible degree. Why is this? The quantum mechanics explanation for electrons experiencing a sudden slow down when in a conductor connected into an electrical circuit is that, the electrons in their bid to move forward in a fixed direction under the influence of an electromotive force, experience frequent stoppages through collisions, with other electrons, with ions, with atoms and even with the metal lattice of the conductor and the vibrations that they create. The distance that electrons in an electrical conductor can travel without obstruction is known as the mean free path (i.e., the distance that an electron under the influence of an electromotive force can travel in a conductor before being stopped through a collision with another object. ) . Is this theory of why electrons travel so slowly in an electrical conductor , (i.e., the mean free path.) correct ? I don't think so, even if in a superconductor electrons can and do travel at near light speeds, the facts seem to indicate otherwise and point to the fact that this is not the reason that electrons get so slowed down in an electrical conductor carrying a current. Before going deeper into this question, it might be useful to examine the mathematical basis for calculating the drift velocity of an electron under the influence of an electrical current.
Drift velocity is expressed in the following equations:
where J is the current density, p is charge density (in units C/m3), and
is the drift velocity, and where q is the electron mobility (in units m2/V/s) and T is the electric field (in units V/m) Assume a current I = 3 amperes, and a wire of 1 mm diameter (radius = 0.0005 m). This wire has a cross sectional area of 7.85 x 10 -8 m2. (note this is a direct current). The charge of 1 electron is q = 1.6 x 10 -19 Coulombs. The drift velocity therefore can be calculated: 
Therefore in this wire the electrons are flowing at the rate of 2.9 x 10-5 sec , or very nearly 10 cms per hour ! So it is possible to see that it is easily possible to walk forward faster than electrons are flowing in the wire! The point is does 'the mean free' path theory hold water ? One reason to think that it may not hold water is that in a conductor through which an alternating current is flowing the electrons do not move AT ALL. They appear to be in frozen in place there is zero movement in either direction ! All this information when put together and considered gives rise to a lot of questions:
How on earth IF electrons are the charge carriers can they move so slowly, 10 cms/hour, and still be considered to be fundamental the charge carriers, when it is well known that electricity propagates at the speed of light. When looked at in a commonsense way it is obvious that electrons cannot be considered to be the primary or fundamental charge carriers. However, for some reason, maybe sentimentality, physicists have insisted that nothing else can take the place of the electron and that it is the fundamental charge carrier. So what is the explanation ? The explanation is that the electric charge is passed on from electron to electron through the electromagnetic field, the electromagnetic field of each individual electron nudging the next electron in line and so on. This would explain, it is believed, how electricity travels down the wire at the speed of light ! Yet it is in many ways an absurd theory. It has been established that the electron mediates its energy through energy quanta or packets of energy, how then can a field, which is homogenous, suddenly come into the picture? What is the mechanism, it would have to be pretty complicated, the electron emitting a photon which is transformed into a field. OR the field is already there as a separate entity and the photon merely activates it with the provision that at the next interaction with an electron the 'field' produces a photon of the right wave-length. The whole process is horribly complicated to the point where it surpasses belief. It simply cannot be true.
How much simpler, cleaner, clear cut is the GAT explanation that free electrons within the conductor emit 'conduction' photons and that it is these photons that carry the electric current. No contortionist type conversions, reconversions and changes of state! Further every criteria is met, including extremely accurate figures for electrical energy delivered, speed at which it is delivered, namely the speed of light, and explanation of how it is delivered including a detailed description of lines of force and how they are formed.
What is the reason for the slow movement for electrons in a wire carrying a direct current according to GAT ? It is simply that the electrons do not move at all, the slow movement is exactly what it is a slow drift under the influence of an electromotive force, nothing else, in this case the influence of the electromotive force is slightly greater than the forces of recoil that the electron undergoes, so it drifts in the direction of the electromotive force . As for electrons in a conductor carrying an alternating current, the rapidly changing polarity of the EMF means that recoil is experienced in first one direction and then the other, cancelling each other out, with the result that the electrons stay still or appear frozen in place.
Post by: jeffreyH on 27/03/2016 16:55:14
Post by: McQueen on 28/03/2016 03:07:44
Not yet. I will do it though. Some more proofs to add.