1

General Science / Does a photon move through time?

« on: 08/06/2010 22:28:31 »

If at the light speed time disappear how than that photon moves through space-time?
Photon should move through space only!

yours amrit

Edited your title to be a question - Mod

2

Physics, Astronomy & Cosmology / Where is time?

« on: 08/06/2010 11:39:11 »

Yours Amrit []

3

New Theories / Integration of Scientific and Religious Experience

« on: 30/05/2010 12:59:57 »

Science is developing rational and analytic experience of the world. Religion is developing synthetic and conscious experience of the world. Science and religion have in common “the observer”. In science observer is observing and being conscious about scientific models of the world created by the scientific mind, he is observing experiment which proves or disproves a model. In religion the same observer is observing and being conscious about religious dogmas, rules and convictions; in religion observer is searching for inner experience of god, of sacredness of the world. The observer is the integrator of science and religion. Beside observing and being conscious of the outer material world and inner psychological world observer has ability to observe and experience him/herself. Self-experience is creating the realized human being in which are integrated scientific analytic and religious synthetic experiences of the world. Realized human being is the ground for peace and harmonious living between different races, religions and nations, for cohabitation of man and nature.

The process of scientific experience of the world is following:

world – perception – mind processing in a concept of  linear time – experience

Common scientific experience is in time. We experience the world in a perspective of inner time “past-present-future” (1). Scientific experience is analytic; it divides world in a separate entities. With practicing observation (watching, witnessing) the way scientific mind works one can become aware of inner time and experience world without time interfering. This experience without time has an intrinsic dimension of sacredness. God is timeless. In religious experienced we experience the world in a perspective of “everlasting present moment”, of “eternal now”. God is now in this present moment. Timelessness of religious experience is common in all different religions. The process of religious experience is following:

world – perception – experience

In religious experience observer is experiencing the world without mind processing in time. Religious experience is synthetic; it reaches beyond division “subject – object”. Religious experience integrates “observer” and “observed” into “Oneness”. In this Oneness all separations between different religions, races and nations are becoming nonessential, secondary; experience of Oneness itself is primary.

Timeless Experience of Oneness is Common in all Religions
   Timeless experience of Oneness (TEO) is reaching beyond mental sphere of man into core of its being that is the same in all human beings. We can call it “God”, “Soul”, “consciousness” or use other words. TEO has to be seen from scientific perspective as a common ground for integration between different religions. Science can show that religious paths are different, religious “forms” are different, and the goal is the same timeless experience of Oneness (TEO). In order to integrate different religions we have to be focused on the goal, not on the path. Science is playing here decisive role with right understanding of time and integration of timeless experience in scientific experience of the world. In timeless experience scientist drop his/her analytic approach and consciously activate synthetic approach to life. He/she becomes fully aware of how analytical mind distorts experience of the world. Timeless experience is direct without mind processing and unit observer and observed into organic Oneness: division “material-spiritual” is only of the mind. There is no god behind the universe. Universe is got itself.

Recently proposed Interpretation of Time in Physics integrates
Scientific and Religious Experience
Back in 1949 Kurt Gödel proposed that fourth coordinate of space-time is spatial too, means space itself is timeless. Recent research confirms his thesis: physical time is run of clocks in timeless space. Speed of clocks depends on the strength of gravitational field in a given volume of timeless space; stronger is field slower is speed of clocks. There is no physical time existing behind run of clocks. Universe is a timeless phenomenon. Events in the world have no duration on its own. Duration of an event is result of its measurement with clocks (2).
We experience in science change in timeless world through the concept of inner linear time “past-present-future”, which has its physical origins in neuronal activity of the brain.
“The brain is the ‘local’ creator of time, space and space-time as our special maps of reality we ‘observe’ and participate in”(3).
“Time is a fundamental dimension of life. It is crucial for decisions about quantity, speed of movement and rate of return, as well as for motor control in walking, speech, playing or appreciating music, and participating in sports. Traditionally, the way in which time is perceived, represented and estimated has been explained using a pacemaker–accumulator model that is not only straightforward, but also surprisingly powerful in explaining behavioural and biological data. However, recent advances have challenged this traditional view. It is now proposed that the brain represents time in a distributed manner and tells the time by detecting the coincidental activation of different neural populations (4).
Scientific experience of the world is indirect in time. Religious experience of the world is direct and without time. Right understanding of physical time as a run of clocks in timeless space is a bridge between scientific experience in time and timeless religious experience.
Unconscious observer is imprisoned in inner time. He experiences timeless world through inner time as a present moment. He experiences that changes in the world are happening in present moments that are following one after other. With observing (watching, witnessing) the way scientific mind works observer becomes aware and so free of inner time. He/she experiences changes are happening in present moment that is always the same, eternal. Eternity is not infinitely back into past and not infinitely forward into future, eternity is now in this present moment.

Experiment for Self-Experience of the Observer
Mind is creating thoughts and feelings, observer is watching them. You sit in a front of moving pendulum and observe it for a while. After 10 minutes you close your eyes and observe imagine of the pendulum moving in you inner vision. You will discover that material pendulum and imagination pendulum are moving into the same timeless space. It is the same observer watching outer and inner pendulum. Now you point your attention from the pendulum on the process of observation: Who is observing? You will discover your ability to observe and experience yourself.

Observer and Consciousness
   Some recent research pointed out that observer is consciousness itself.  Consciousness is not result of neuronal processes of the brain as linear time is; consciousness is the basic frequency of timeless cosmic space (5). Human brain has ability to tune with consciousness. In all human beings it is the same consciousness observing, witnessing mind. Consciousness is common to the all human beings regardless to religion, race or nation. In this way discovery of consciousness i.e. self-experience of the observer is integrating scientific and religious experience.
   
World Cultural Integration
   Systematic development of consciousness and synthetic experience in schools in all counties of the world will have a result new generation of people that will put his/her religious and national origin on the second place; first will be identification with European civilization as a part of planetary civilization. European integration is the fundament of planetary integration. Synthetic experience of living on the same planet will spread over the globe.

Conclusions
   Peace in the world can be reached with timeless experience of Oneness (TEO) by each individual. By educating people world-vide to reach into experience of TEO we will create peaceful planetary society that will live in harmony with the nature and the universe. In this process plays decisive role integration of scientific and religious experience which will have as an outcome theoretical knowledge and practical experience of timeless-divine nature of the world we live into.
   
References:
1. Amrit S. Sorli, Davide Fiscaletti, Dusan Klinar, Time is a measuring System derived from Light Speed, Physics Essays, Vol 23. Num 2. (2010)  http://www.physicsessays.com/


2. Amrit S. Sorli (2010). Original Solution of Gravity is without Gravitational Waves, The Icfai University Press, Journal of Physics, Vol. 3, Num. 2, http://www.iupindia.org/Physics.asp

3.Hitchcock. C. M. (2003).T-computers and the Origins of the Time in Brain, NeuroQuantology 4: 393-403  https://www.msu.edu/~hitchco4/Smh9.pdf 

4. Catalin V. Buhusi, Warren H. Meck (2005). What makes us thick?, Functional and neural mechanisms of interval timing, Nature reviews, Volume 6, October 2005
http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v6/n10/abs/nrn1764.html

5. Fiscaletti D., Sorli A. (2007). Basic Frequency of A-Temporal Physical Space As A Driving Force of The Evolution, Scientific Inquiry, Vol 8. Num 1. pp 29-34
http://www.iigss.net/Scientific-Inquiry/June07/2-Fiscaletti.pdf

4

New Theories / Block Universe

« on: 26/05/2010 12:51:19 »

Here is our BLOCK UNIVERSE theory.
http://www.fqxi.org/data/forum-attachments/Block_Universe.pdf
Universe runs out of time and without time. Motion is timeless. It is not illusion as Prof. Barbour says, motion is real. We experience motion through time that is of the mind.

yours amrit

5

Physics, Astronomy & Cosmology / Will a photon clock run at a different rate from an atomic clock under gravity?

« on: 19/05/2010 08:27:53 »

We have a “photon clock” made out of two mirrors A and B. Photon is moving from A to B, back to A and so on. One traveling of the photon between A and B is a “tick” of the clock. We take two photon clocks. One photon clock is on the surface of the earth, second is 4200 meters below at the bottom of the mine shaft. Velocity of light is invariant on gravity; both of clocks will “tick” with the same velocity.

We take two atomic clocks. One clock we put beside photon clock on the surface and second beside clock that is 4200 meters deep. According to the relativistic gravitational effect of relative velocity of material change second atom clock will in 30 days “tick” faster as the atom clock on the surface for 1,23 x 10 -6 seconds.

General Theory of Relativity considers light moves through the space with constant velocity regardless upon the strength of gravitation. This implies that at the scale of the photon and below at the scale of Planck relativistic gravitational effect of relative velocity of material change does not exist.

yours amrit

Amrit, I've rephrased your title as a question to make the forum easier to navigate.  Try to do so in the future.  Thanks.  -Mod

6

New Theories / Space-time is timeless.

« on: 06/05/2010 12:05:14 »

Real power of science is uncompromised search for truth.

http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=PHESEM000023000002000330000001&idtype=cvips&gifs=yes&ref=no

yours amrit

7

Physics, Astronomy & Cosmology / awakened observer in physics

« on: 19/05/2009 10:07:38 »

Who is the observer in scientific experiment ?
Can observer becomes self-aware ?
see below

http://www.fqxi.org/data/forum-attachments/AWAKENING_OF_THE_OBSERVER_IN_PHYSICS__Sorli_2009.pdf

yours amrit []

8

General Science / is time drived from motion ?

« on: 19/04/2009 10:22:35 »

According to my research motion is not derived from time, it is opposite, time is derived from motion.

Today in physics there are two fundamental approaches to time. The first and most common approach says we use clocks to measure the time component of space-time, space and time being cofounded as the basis of physical reality. However this approach has no experimental support. There is no evidence whatsoever that clocks measure one aspect of space-time, and in truth we cannot observe space-time at all. The second approach says time is cofounded with motion through space. This approach is supported by experiment and observation. We employ clocks to accumulate local internal motion, and then use the result to calibrate duration. This is then employed in the measurement of external motion or material change, and the comparative rate of such change. Our evidence tells us that this rate of change varies with gravity, being commonly known as gravitational time dilation. However we can only measure space and motion, not time, and thus we must assert that the true basis of fundamental reality is space and motion rather than space-time. This means that space itself is in some respect timeless.

9

Physics, Astronomy & Cosmology / Einstein's Marriage between Space and Time needs Divorce

« on: 06/04/2009 11:16:52 »

we observe that clocks run in space only
we have no evidence that space-time is physical reality in which clocks run
my idea is that clock's run is time itself
cosmic space itself is timeless (atemporal)
time as a clocks's run is relative
it speed depends on strenght of gravity field

about that idea you can read below

http://www.wbabin.net/sorli/sorli15.pdf

yours amrit

10

Physics, Astronomy & Cosmology / Imediate Timeless Transfer of Energy and Information

« on: 02/02/2009 15:37:30 »

Idea that in the universe information and energy transfer could be immediate is not well accepted in main stream. However several experiments confirm that is possible, [] see about that my article on web below

http://www.fqxi.org/data/forum-attachments/ITT_phenomena_Sorli__2009.pdf

yours amrit

11

General Science / Who Is The Observer ? (QM)

« on: 28/12/2005 22:08:47 »

Bohr considered that the observer plays an active role in the behaviour of elementary particles, that the observer influences the experimental results concerning atomic and subatomic processes.

Einstein thought instead that the description of quantum phenomena proposed by Bohr and the other exponents of Copenaghen and Gottinga schools, despite functioned well in the prediction of experimental results, weren’t complete. He believed that the standard quantum mechanics developed by Copenaghen and Gottinga schools weren’t a perfect theory and that it could have been made causal by introducing some “hidden variables”. Einstein’s point of view was thus that the behaviour of subatomic particles is independent from the observer, that it depends on some “hidden variables” beside to their quantum wavefunctions.

Today we have got some important versions of quantum mechanics which avoid to ascribe a special role to the observer: they show that Bohr’s interpretation of quantum processes cannot be considered the only possible description of physical reality, and therefore cannot be considered convincing and satisfactory both from the physical point of view and from the philosophical point of view. In particular, the version of quantum mechanics originally proposed by David Bohm in 1952, known as pilot wave theory, allows to describe the atomic and subatomic processes without ascribing an important role to the observer, and allows to recover a principle of causality also in the microscopic world (1). If we base ourselves on Bohm’s theory, Einstein’s point of view can be considered more satisfactory than Bohr’s interpretation.

Here, starting from some recent researches on gravitation and consciousness, we want to show that speculations on the question “who is the observer?” open some new perspectives which bring closer Bohr’s view with Einstein’s view.

In an experiment with elementary particles (or in any other scientific experiment) a scientist plays the “observer”.
It is the same observer that has also possibility to watch (witness) the mind.
Everyone can watch his/her mind whenever he likes. By watching the mind a scientist becomes aware of the way his/her mind’s elaboration influences his experience of the experiment.

Let’s see the stream of information running into an experiment:

experiment - perception (eyes) - elaboration (mind) - experience (observer)

Information about the experiment are first perceived by the senses, then elaborated by the mind, finally experience occurs (2).

The ability of the scientist (the observer) to watch the mind belongs to the consciousness. It is consciousness that is watching (witnessing) the mind. Mind is creating the thoughts and consciousness is watching  them.

Research of Penrose suggests that consciousness is a result of quantum gravity acting on the neurons of the brain. This means that consciousness is not only the result of the biochemical reactions in the brain, it is also deeply related to the gravitation.

According to the “A-Temporal Gravitation Theory” gravitation is a-temporal, is carried directly by the a-temporal physical space (3, 4, 5).

Time exists only as an irreversible stream of material changes that run in the cosmic space. It is not that change runs in time, change itself is time. Cosmic space itself is a-temporal. Here it is fundamental to understand that clocks are precise instruments with a constant rate of change and run in a-temporal space. With clocks we measure the numerical order and the duration of all changes (6).

In the universe there exist two types of phenomena: temporal phenomena and a-temporal phenomena. “Temporal phenomena” are changes or movements of particles or other physical objects in cosmic space, for example the movement of the earth around the sun, or the movement of the light in cosmic space. For “A-temporal phenomena” to happen no movement of particles or other physical objects is needed, which means that for their existence no time is needed. For example, gravitational interaction is carried directly by the density of cosmic space. For gravitational force to be transmitted no travel of particle or wave through the cosmic space is needed. In analogous way, the instantaneous communication between two elementary particles A and B in an EPR experiment is carried directly by the a-temporal cosmic space, no travel of particle or wave is needed. A-temporal cosmic space is a “direct information channel” It transports the information from the particle A to the particle B instantly (5). Besides, since in Bohm’s theory nonlocal connection between two subatomic particles is tied to the action of the quantum potential, it appears lawful to interpret the quantum potential as the special “state” of a-temporal cosmic space. One can say that, in presence of an atomic or subatomic process (such as an EPR experiment), a-temporal cosmic space assumes the special “state” represented by quantum potential, and this determines an instantaneous communication between the particles in exam (7).

In a-temporal gravitation theory, gravitational force is carried directly by the density of quanta of space (QS) that build up a-temporal cosmic space. Density D of QS of a given volume of cosmic space depends on the density of matter contained in it:  , where D is the density of QS in the centre of the material object, m is the mass of the object and G is the gravitational constant. The gravitational force Fg between two material objects is given by the following relation:  , where r is the distance between the centers of the two material objects (4).
         
Quanta of space which compose cosmic space have the following features: they change their electrical charge from positive to negative in a Planck time (5.39 ), vibrate at the “basic frequency” 0.19 , have a “basic energy” given by the relation Eqs = h*0.19   where h is Planck’s constant (6.626069 ), and thus Eqs =  1.26 .

QS of a-temporal cosmic space have a “bipolar nature” (namely they change the electrical charge continuously) and are complete into themselves. Their existence does not depend on other physical entities. They have no radiation, no “dispersion of the energy”: their energy is always the same and precisely the basic energy Eqs =  1.26 . This means that QS that build up ATPS have no entropy.

QS of cosmic space are a-temporal and have no entropy. Consciousness has the same properties. It is a-temporal (in the sense that no movement of particle-wave is needed for its existence) and has no entropy.

Here there is a “quantum jump” of this speculation. One could suppose that consciousness is in a deep relation with the basic frequency of QS that build up a-temporal cosmic space. This basic frequency of QS by acting on the neurons of the human brain creates the phenomenon of “human consciousness”. More the vibrations of the neurons are in tune with the basic frequency of QS, more the person will be conscious. The intensity of the human consciousness depends on the synchronicity with the basic frequency of QS of cosmic space.

Human brain can be compared with the radio, cosmic space with the transmitter. More one is in tune with the transmitter, better he/she can use the radio. Our watching (witnessing) the mind depends on the intensity (quality) of tuning with the basic frequency of cosmic space.

We have now the answer to the question concerning the role of the observer: “Observer is the consciousness itself” It is consciousness that is observing the experiment, it is the same consciousness that is watching the mind. In every scientist the observer (the consciousness) is the same. This allows to the science to be “objective” (because, if in every scientist the consciousness had to be different, there would be no possibility for science to exist as it is).

As gravitation also consciousness is a-temporal and has existed long before man has appeared on the earth. Elementary particles have behaved in the same manner also before man has appeared.

Now, if one considers consciousness as a phenomenon that is related to the basic frequency of the cosmic space, it’s possible to open new perspectives about Bohr’s and Einstein’s interpretation of the behaviour of elementary particles.

Before all, one can say that it’s not the human mind (or better, an unconscious mind) to influence the results of the experiments of microphysics (because atomic and subatomic particles behave in the same manner, either with the presence of a scientist, or without the presence of a scientist). In this sense, Bohr’s original interpretation doesn’t seem appropriate and convincing. However, Bohr’s interpretation can be “recovered”, in a certain sense (and only in a particular meaning), if one considers consciousness as a phenomenon deeply related to the basic frequency of cosmic space (and thus as a physical property of cosmic space). In fact, one can say that it’s consciousness – intended just as a physical property of the universal space – to influence the behaviour of subatomic particles. Under this point of view, Bohr’s interpretation can be, in a certain sense, recovered (but only from a “formal” point of view, because here consciousness isn’t intended in Bohr’s standard manner: Bohr would have said probably that, according to him, both an unconscious mind and a conscious mind could influence the behaviour of subatomic particles). At Bohr’s time the idea of consciousness as a physical property of space wasn’t appeared yet and in the Copenhagen interpretation the observer always assumes a special role in the description of atomic processes.

It appears lawful to think that only space (and therefore the basic frequency of cosmic space) determines the behaviour of elementary particles; therefore, one can say that a conscious mind influences the experimental results of microphysics more than a less conscious mind, but a scientist can hope to determine totally the behaviour of subatomic particles only in the theoretical limit in which his/her “human consciousness” becomes equal to the “consciousness”, namely the real consciousness (intended as phenomenon that is related to the basic frequency of cosmic space). In synthesis, we can say that Bohr’s interpretation of subatomic particles can be considered coherent and satisfactory only if we identify the “observer” with the “consciousness” intended as a phenomenon that is related to a physical property of the universal space (namely to the basic frequency of QS of cosmic space).
This particular version of Bohr’s interpretation of subatomic particles can be considered now closer to Einstein’s point of view. In fact, if consciousness is understood as a phenomenon related to the basic frequency of QS that build up cosmic space it is also right to say that in an experiment the behaviour of elementary particles depends on some “hidden variable” that is consciousness itself. It appears lawful to think that it is the basic frequency of cosmic space the element which determines the behaviour of the subatomic particles (and this element is clearly additional, “hidden”, with respect to the description provided by the quantum wavefunction).

In conclusion, the conception of consciousness as a phenomenon that is related to a physical property of the universal space brings new light to Bohr’s interpretation and to Einstein’s view of atomic and subatomic processes.

Elementary particles behave in the same way also when no scientist is observing them. Consciousness is observing them continuously.

Bohr’s interpretation is pragmatic, Einstein’s view is speculative and keeps the door open.

Consciousness acts in a scientist as his/her capacity to watch and to become aware the way his mind functions. By watching the mind a scientist will become aware of the consciousness itself. He will become self-conscious, he will experience directly the a-temporal cosmic space. That’s the finest and the most noble discovery a scientist can have. Einstein has called it “now”.  

……... there is something essential about the "now" which is outside the realm of science.
                                                                                                                    Albert Einstein



References:

1. Fiscaletti D. (2003). I fondamenti nella meccanica quantistica. Un’analisi critica dell’interpretazione ortodossa, della teoria di Bohm e della teoria GRW, CLEUP, Padova

2. Sorli A., Sorli I. (2005). Consciousness As A Research Tool Into Space And Time,
Electronic Journal of Theoretical Physics, Vol 2, Num. 6  http://www.ejtp.com/

3. Sorli A, Sorli I. (2004).  A-temporal Gravitation, Electronic Journal of Theoretical Physics, Vol. 1, Num. 2   http://www.ejtp.com/

4 Sorli A., Fiscaletti D. (2005).  Active Galactic Nucleus As a Renewing System Of the Universe, Electronic Journal of Theoretical Physics, Vol. 2, Num 6  http://www.ejtp.com/

5. Sorli A., Sorli I. (2005) From Space-time to A-Temporal Physical Space, Frontier Perspectives, Vol 14, Num 1

6. Sorli A., Sorli I. (2004).  Mathematical Time And Physical Time In The Theory Of Relativity, Electronic Journal of Theoretical Physics, Vol. 1, Num 4  http://www.ejtp.com/

7. Fiscaletti D. (2005). A-Temporal Physical Space and Quantum Nonlocality, Electronic Journal of Theoretical Physics, Vol. 2, Num. 6  http:/www.ejtp.com/

12

Physics, Astronomy & Cosmology / How big is the speed of gravity ?

« on: 24/12/2005 22:34:21 »

[]By Newton the speed of gravity is zero, gravitational force acts immediate, by Einstein gravity travel with the speed of light, it is not immediate. Some recent research confirms Newton, gravity is immediate, its speed is zero.

[:p]
Time exists only as an irreversible stream of material changes that run into cosmic space. It is not that change runs in time, change itself is time. Cosmic space itself is a-temporal. Here it is fundamental to understand that clocks are precise instruments with a constant rate of change and run in a-temporal space. With clocks we measure the numerical order and the duration of all changes  

In the universe there exist two types of phenomena: temporal phenomena and a-temporal phenomena. “Temporal phenomena” are changes or movements of the material objects or particles in cosmic space, for example the movement of the earth around the sun, or the movement of the light in cosmic space.

[:I]
For “A-temporal phenomena” to happen no movement of particle or material object is needed, which means that for their existence no time is needed. For example, gravitational interaction is carried directly by the density of cosmic space. For gravitational force to be transmitted no travel of particle or wave through the cosmic space is needed. The instantaneous communication between elementary particles in an EPR experiment is carried directly by the a-temporal cosmic space, no travel of particle or wave is needed. A-temporal cosmic space is a “direct information channel” It transports the information from the particle A to the particle B instantl.
[}:)]
Besides, since in Bohm’s theory nonlocal connection between two subatomic particles is tied to the action of the quantum potential, it appears lawful to interpret the quantum potential as the special “state” of a-temporal cosmic space. One can say that, in presence of an atomic or subatomic process (such as the case of an EPR experiment), a-temporal cosmic space assumes the special “state” represented by quantum potential, and this determines an instantaneous communication between the particles in exam.
[xx(]
Gravitational force is carried directly by the density of quanta of space (QS) that build up a-temporal cosmic space. Density (D) of QS of a given volume of cosmic space depends on the density of matter in that given volume of cosmic space: D = mG , where D is a density of QS in the centre of the material object, m is the mass of the object and G is the gravitational constant. The gravitational force Fg between two material objects is given by the following relation: (D1 x D2)/(r square x G)  , where r is the distance between the centers of the two material objects.
         
 yours, amrit []

Sources:

- Sorli A, Sorli I. (2004).  A-temporal Gravitation, Electronic Journal of Theoretical Physics, Vol. 1, Num. 2   http://www.ejtp.com/

- Sorli A., Fiscaletti D. (2005).  Active Galactic Nucleus As a Renewing System Of the Universe, Electronic Journal of Theoretical Physics, Vol. 2, Num 6  http://www.ejtp.com/

- Sorli A., Sorli I. (2005) From Space-time to A-Temporal Physical Space, Frontier Perspectives, Vol 14, Num 1

- Sorli A., Sorli I. (2004).  Mathematical Time And Physical Time In The Theory Of Relativity, Electronic Journal of Theoretical Physics, Vol. 1, Num 4  http://www.ejtp.com/

- Fiscaletti D. (2005). A-Temporal Physical Space and Quantum Nonlocality, Electronic Journal of Theoretical Physics, Vol. 2, Num. 6  http:/www.ejtp.com/

13

New Theories / Do We UNderstand Einstein

« on: 31/05/2004 23:05:34 »

[:I]Do We Understand Einstein ?

Amrit Sorli, Kusum Sorli, SpaceLife Institute,
Podere Petraiole, 53012 Chiusdino (SI), Italy
www.directscientificexperience.com
spacelife@libero.it

Abstract
In GR time represents a fourth dimension of space. In the universe one can observe only physical space and material change running into it. There is no experimental evidence of space and time being divided. One can conclude that space and time are one physical reality. This approach brings new view in understanding of gravitation, evolution of galaxies and of life.
Key words:  time, space, gravitation,  EPR experiment, dynamic equilibrium,  entropy, life
   
   Introduction    In Newtonian physics, physical time is an independent quantity (absolute time), running uniformly throughout the entire cosmic space (absolute space). For Newton’s definition of time there is no experimental evidence. In the universe we can observe only material change running in physical space. Einstein was fully aware of this fact. He linked time to space. In GR space-time is the “arena” in which universe run. So with clocks we do not measure time, we measure only duration and numerical order of irreversible change. Change A transforms into change B, B transforms into C and so on. When B is in existence A does not exist anymore, when C is in existence B does not exist anymore.
   On the basis of elementary perception (sight) one can conclude that time is an integral part of physical space in which irreversible change run. The question arises: Why is it that irreversible change is experienced as past, present and future? The answer is obtained by analysing the scientific way of experiencing. The human senses perceive a stream of irreversible change. Once elaborated by the mind, the stream of change is experienced through the Newton concept of linear time that exists only as a part of the human mind. Today science still understands time as Newton did. It seems that Einstein’s fusion of time and space is not fully accepted yet.
   Let's look at the relationship between physical change and concept of Newton’s time by carrying out an experiment. Take a ball and allow it to roll down an incline. You can perceive only the movement of the ball in space, but you experience that the ball has also moved through time. How come? Perception passes first through liner concept of Newton’s time and then the experience occurs. That's why you experience the movement of the ball in time. But on the basis of elementary perception (sight) one can only state  that the ball has changed position in physical space. (1)
    We are growing old in physical space only and not in time in sense of Newton, mother and son are born in the same physical space. Numerical order of mother birth is N, of son birth is N+1, of grand child is N+2. In the physical space there is no past, present and future, they belong to the linear concept of Newton’s time. That why there is no possible to travel into past.
   In formulas of physics symbol ( t ) means duration of change in physical space. This view brings new insights regarding gravitation, cosmology and evolution of life.
      
   
   Gravitation    Einstein emphasizes in his work (1918-1930) that space has its physical properties; gravitational force was attributed to space. He says: “No space or portion of space (can be conceived of) without gravitational potentials; for these give it its metrical properties without which is not thinkable at all. The existence of the gravitational field is directly bound up with the existence of the space”. (2) According to this understanding the "curvature of space-time" in GR is only a mathematical description of physical space and can not carry gravitational force. To carry gravitational force physical space must have some physical properties, a certain "density" that corresponds to the density of matter. “Density of physical space” is a missing element of GR. Introducing it, GR fully explains gravitation and dynamics between matter and space. The denser the matter, the denser the physical space. The "density of physical space" can be  described in GR with the curvature of space and with the gravitational acceleration (on the Earth 9,8 m/ss). The "areas" of higher density attract each other. Gravitational force is immediate, it acts directly via physical space. For gravitational force no travel of particle or wave is needed. Other three basic forces (electromagnetic, weak and strong nuclear force) are carried by some particle or wave that is moving through physical space. For example: duration of the movement of light wave from the Sun to the Earth is around 8 minutes. The light does not travel in time, only through the physical space. Duration of this travel we measure with clocks.

   #65532;
   
      
   Above interpretation of gravitation resolves the contradiction that brought up hypothetical gravitational fields which should propagate faster than light: "Modern physics has introduced the concept of “fields”, such as charge around a particle or gravitation around a mass. When the particle or mass moves, its entire field moves with it. However, this cannot happen acausally. For example, the mass may cause adjacent parts of its field to move, which in turn move more distant parts, and so on. This is what happens in any rigid body when one part of it is pushed: a pressure wave propagates through it, conveying the push to all parts of the rigid body. Therefore, fields are not a form of action at a distance. The fact that gravitational fields are seen to update faster than light can propagate is an argument for faster-than-light propagation of forces, not an argument for action at a distance". (3) The hypothetical gravitational waves violate the principle of “constant velocity of light”. According to gravitation presented here no hypothetical gravitational waves are needed to carry gravitational force. Gravitation is carried by density of physical space. Loinger considers that GR does not allow existence of gravitational waves. (4)
   The speed of change depends on the density of physical space. More physical space is dense, more the speed is slowing down. Living on the Moon one would grow old faster than on the Earth.    
   
   EPR  Experiment   This experiment shows that two quantum A and quantum B which have been together and than send in the space in opposite directions "know" for each other in an instant moment. When the spin of particle A is unilaterally changed, an astounding experimental result is that the other (B) particle’s spin “immediately” flips of its own accord.  Furthermore, the means by which the information of the first spin flip is transferred to the second particle (so that it too can flip) is information which is required to travel faster than the speed of light. While the information transfer may not be simultaneous (limits on the experimental apparatus prohibits any proof of simultaneity), it nevertheless -- within the time frame of the Planck constant or speeds in excess of the speed of light -- must connects the two particles in some fundamental manner.
   One could predict that in the EPR experiment the information medium between two particles is physical space itself. As gravitational force between Sun and Earth also information between particle A and particle B is immediate. Information between particle A and B is not carried by some article or wave, it is carried by  physical space itself.


 #65532;

   Physical Space and Matter  With the density of matter and density of space can be also explained astronomical observations which show that the Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN) continuously emits fresh gases. These gases then form stars and planets. When the stars get "old" they shrink and the gravitational force of the AGN sucks them back in. In the AGN the density of space is so strong that the energy of matter disintegrates back into the energy of space. This keeps the density of space in the AGN high, so it continuously emits fresh gases. The transformation "matter--space--matter--space--matter" is permanent, the AGN  is the "rejuvenator" of matter.  Un the universe "singularities"  where matter "disappears" do no exist, in AGN matter transforms into space and vice versa.
   In the galaxy matter and space are in dynamic equilibrium. Dynamic equili.brium  (DE) is a basic universal law. DE between space and matter is recreating the universe, DE between gravitational and tangential forces make it possible for planets to orbit around the sun, for the sun to orbit around the centre of the galaxy, the water circulation "ocean--evaporation--clouds--rain--rivers--ocean" is in DE, life chains of fauna and flora are in DE.
   The majority of cosmologists still consider the "red shift" as proof of the expansion of the universe, but they accept that part of the "red shift" is a result of the light "escaping" out of the strong gravitational field of the galaxies from which it comes to reach Earth. Bolognesi and Van Flandern view is that the red shift is not proof for an expanding universe, moreover several discoveries confirm the opposite. (5,6)
   
   The Entropy of the Galaxy and the Evolution of Life   The galaxy is a "perpetual" system. It does not need energy to move with. It cannot be compared to the machines created by man where "for some work to be done some energy is needed". The second law of therodynamics cannot be applied to describe universal dynamics. It is valid only for machines. The total energy of the universe and of a single galaxy sums to zero.  An increase of the entropy of gas being produced in AGN does not influence a total entropy of the galaxy.  
   Also for the movement of an stellar object no energy is needed. For example the force of attraction between physical spaces of the Earth and Moon is equal to the centripetal force which pulls the Moon from the Earth [ F attraction (Fa) = F centripetal (Fc) ].  For the movement of the Moon around the Earth no energy is needed [ Fa - Fc = 0 ]. By moving the stars and planets the universe does not get "tired". Movement is its intrinsic property.
   In the self-renewing galaxy the evolution of life is a consistent part of the evolution of the galaxy. It can be understood as a process that is continuously developing towards a total entropy of the galaxy that sums to zero. The relationship between life as a continuous negentropic process and the zero entropy of the galaxy can be described with the following diagram:                            


#65532;

X  stands for a total entropy of the galaxy that sums to zero
Y  stands for the evolution of life
Z  stands for increasing of the entropy of matter
R stands  for the renewing process of "old" stars into fresh gas in AGN
A stands for creation of stars
B stands for creation of planets
D stands for old stars
C-E stands for chemical evolution
E-F stands for biological evolution
F--     stands for evolution of conscious being
   
   According to this understanding evolution of life on the planet Earth is part of the evolution of the galaxy "Milky Way". This idea is supported by the discovery of basic organic molecules necessary for the development of life in the whole of observable space. Universal space is in the phase of chemical evolution which on the Earth and similar planets has continued into biological evolution. Astronomers discover many planets similar to the Earth. Life could also develop there. All over our galaxy and also in other galaxies life is developing towards conscious species. Probably we are not alone in this vast universe. (7)
   Several experiments confirm that functioning of living organism is related to the gravitational field, which means to the physical space. Spaceflight induces a cephalad redistribution of fluid volume and blood flow within the human body and space motion sickness, which is a problem during first few days of spaceflight, could be related to these changes in fluid status and in blood flow of the cerebrum and vestibular system. (
   In weightlessness there is a decreased activity of spinal ganglia neurons of the hypothalamic nuclei producing arginine, vasopressin and growth hormone releasing factor. Structural changes of the somatosensory cortex and spinal ganglia suggest a decreased afferent flow to the somatosensory cortex in microgravity. The results characterise the mechanisms of structural adaptation to a decreased afferent flow in microgravity by the neurons in the hemisphere cortex and brain stem nuclei. So, under microgravity there is a neuron hypoactivity. (9)  
    Penrose and Hameroff's research suggests that the gravitational force of physical space is a basis for human consciousness: the force of quantum gravity acting on the mass of neurones within the brain may be responsible for the emergence of consciousness. The process is fundamentally related to the influence of quantum gravity on microtubule networks within the neurones. (10,11)
   Experiment carried out at the University of Lubiana, Slovenia in 1987-1988 with Californian worms (Latin name is: Lumbricus Teresticus) shows that the weight of living Californian Worms is greater than of the same dead ones; gravitational force is stronger on the living worms than on the same dead ones. This means that physical space is more dense around a living organism than around a dead one. Physical space plays an active role in the functioning of the living organisms. This means  that  also in the evolution of life physical space presents an active component (12).  
   
   Conclusions   Scientific understanding of time and space should be revised on the basis of elementary perception. As there is no experimental evidence of time existing as a physical reality in which change run, this idea should be not present any more in modern scientific thought. Scientist should trust more his/her eyes than his mind.     

References:
 
1.Sorli A. (2004). Physical Time And Psychological Time.
Frontier Perspectives, Vol 13, Num 1
2.  Einstein A. (1920). Ather and Relativitatstheorie. J. Springer, Berlin, 4.
3. Van Flandern T. (2004). Physics Has Its Principles.
http://www.metaresearch.org/cosmology/PhysicsHasItsPrinciples.asp
4. Loinger A. (2004). Non-Existence of Gravitational Waves The Stage Of The Theoretical Discovery,  http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/physics/pdf/0312/0312149.pdf
5. Bolognesi A. (2004). Cosmologia al bivio, Episteme, Perugia, Italy, Number 8,   http://www.dipmat.unipg.it/~bartocci/ep8/ep8-bologn.htm
6. Van Flandern T. (2004). Did the Universe Have a Beginning?
http://www.metaresearch.org/cosmology/DidTheUniverseHaveABeginning.asp
7. Sorli A., Sorli K. (2004). Evolution As A Universal Process.
Frontier Perspectives, Vol 13, Num 1
8.US Army (1993). Madigan Army Medical Centre, Tacoma, Washington “ Cerebral blood velocity and other cardiovascular responses to 2 days head down tilt. Journal of Applied Physiology. 74 (1): 319-25.
9. Krasnov IB.(1994). Institute of Biomedical Problems, Moscow, Russia. “Gravitational neuromorphology”,
Advances in Space Biology and Medicine 4: 85-110.
10. Penrose R. (1994). 'Shadows of the Mind' (Oxford), 377-391.
11. Hameroff S. (1994). 'Quantum Coherence in Microtubules: A Neural Basis for Emergent Consciousness?'  Journal of Consciousness Studies 1 (1), 91-118.
12. Sorli A.(2001). Additional Roundness of Space-Time and Unknown Vacuum Energies in Living Organisms, Frontier Perspectives. 10 (2)

14

Physics, Astronomy & Cosmology / does time really exist as a fourth dimension of sp

« on: 23/03/2004 20:59:09 »

Does Time Really Exist
As A Fourth Dimension Of Space-time ?

Amrit Sorli, SpaceLife Institute,
Podere San Giorgio 16, 53012 Chiusdino (SI), Italy
spacelife@libero.it

Abstract
Regarding this question scientist should trust more his senses that his mind. Physical time exists only as a stream of change in physical space. Change does not "happen" in physical time -- change itself is physical time. This is a different and more correct perspective than the conventional view in physics, in which space-time is the theater or "stage" on which change happens.

   Physical Time And Psychological time  In the universe the passing of physical time cannot be clearly perceived as matter and space directly; one can perceive only irreversible physical, chemical, and biological changes in material media. On the basis of elementary perception (sight) one can conclude that physical time exists only as a stream of change that runs through material space. The terms "physical time" and "change" describe the same phenomenon. Physical time is irreversible. Change A transforms into change B, B transforms into C and so on. When B is in existence A does not exist anymore, when C is in existence B does not exist anymore.
   The question arises: Why is it that irreversible physical time is experienced as past, present and future? The answer is obtained by analysing the scientific way of experiencing. The human senses perceive a stream of irreversible change. Once elaborated by the mind, the stream of change is experienced chronologically through psychological time that is a part of the human mind (1).
   Let's look at the relationship between physical and psychological time by carrying out an experiment. Take a ball and allow it to roll down an incline. You can perceive only the movement of the ball in space, but you experience that the ball has also moved through time. How come? Perception passes first through psychological time and then the experience occurs. That's why you experience the movement of the ball in time. But on the basis of elementary perception (sight) one can only state  that the ball has changed position in space.
   By observing the continuous stream of irreversible physical change humans have developed psychological time through which we experience the universe. Psychological time is reversible. One can return to the past, in psychological time, through memory. This creates an idea that physical time also has a past, but this is not so.
   Relativity Theory allows for speculation about time travel. It is possible for someone to travel through a black hole with a spaceship, go back into the past and kill his grandmother? The consequence is that he could never have been born (2). Travelling into the past through black holes is not possible because physical time is irreversible; the past exists only as psychological time through which it is not possible to travel with a spaceship.
   The speed of psychological time does not always follow physical time, it depends on one's well-being. The more relaxed you are the slower the speed of psychological time is. In modern society time passes quickly, in so called primitive societies time passed slowly. In an altered state of consciousness, such as meditation, ecstatic dance, deep prayer, psychological time stops.     
   In abnormal state of health, there are aberration of subjective time such as acceleration or deceleration of lapse of time. Under several mental disturbances (like those characterising serious mental psychoses, drug-induced states, trances, mediations, as well as other deep "altered" states of consciousness), these anomalies / peculiarities  become more pronounced. The flux of time may even cease completely (the sensations usually described as "time standing still", or "suspended", arrested" time or expand without limit (the feelings of "everlasting now, eternity") (3).
   The understanding of physical time has changed over the ages. For ancient Greeks, Indians, and Mayans, time was considered a cyclic phenomenon; time moving in circles, with no beginning and no end. When Judaeo-Christian civilization arose in Europe, another understanding of time became prominent - time going forward in a straight line. According to this civilization, time has its beginning with God’s creation of the universe and will have its end with the Last Judgement. In Newtonian physics, physical time is an independent quantity (absolute time), running uniformly throughout the entire cosmic space (absolute space). In the Theory of Relativity, time is no more an independent physical quantity - it is linked with space in four-dimensional space-time. Here physical time is understood as a stream of irreversible change that runs through physical space.

   Linear And Cyclic Concept Of Time In Cosmology  The understanding of time have been different over the ages. For ancient Greeks, Indians, and Mayans, time was considered a cyclic phenomena. In Judaeo-Christian civilization as linear phenomena. In current scientific thought the concept of linear time is still prevalent. Stephan Hawkins says: "The conclusion of this lecture is that the universe has not existed forever. Rather, the universe, and time itself, had a beginning in the Big Bang, about 15 billion years ago. The beginning of real time, would have been a singularity, at which the laws of physics would have broken down. Nevertheless, the way the universe began would have been determined by the laws of physics, if the universe satisfied the no boundary condition. This says that in the imaginary time direction, space-time is finite in extent, but doesn't have any boundary or edge. The predictions of the no boundary proposal seem to agree with observation. The no boundary hypothesis also predicts that the universe will eventually collapse again. However, the contracting phase, will not have the opposite arrow of time, to the expanding phase. So we will keep on getting older, and we won't return to our youth. Because time is not going to go backwards, think I better stop now." (4)  
   Some recent cosmological models describe universe is a self-renewing system.  Big bangs are cyclic. Transformation of the energy of matter into the energy of the space and vice versa is in a permanent dynamic equilibrium, universe has no beginning and no end. It is made of one energy that appears as space and as matter. (5) In the cosmological model of dynamic equilibrium time is a cyclic phenomena, a permanent dynamics between matter and space. It has no beginning and no end.
   
   Time Is Change   We can measure with clocks speed and duration of change. By Newton and in Theory of Relativity time is an abstract physical quantity that can not be perceived clearly. Here time is visible. According to this understanding the "t" in physical formulas means "duration of change". For  example:

d (distance) =  v (speed of change)  x  t (duration of change)

In the Special Relativity the "theater" of the four dimensional space-time can be replaced with the three dimensional physical space. Lets imagine that a train is passing a station with the speed v. The observer on the train throws a ball that is rolling on the floor of the corridor. The duration (time) of ball rolling will be for him t' (regarding the fourth equation of Lorentz transformation, see below), for the observer on the embankment the duration (time) of the ball rolling will be t.
                   
   (fourth equation of Lorentz transformation)
   
The doubt that "space-time" is the ultimate arena of the universe was raised by Dirac and recently by Julian Barbour: "On a beautiful October afternoon in 1936 I ravelled to the Bavarian Alps with a student friend, Jurgen. We planned to spend the night in a hut and climb to the peak of Watzmann at down next day. On the train, I read an article about Dirac's attempt to unify Einstein's theory of relativity with quantum theory. A single sentence in it was to transform my life: "This result has let me to doubt how fundamental the four-dimensional requirement in physics is". In other words Dirac was doubting that most wonderful creation of twentieth-century physics: the fusion of space and time into space-time." (6)
   In his book "The End Of Time" Barbour discusses brilliantly about time, but his final conclusions are against the elementary perception and seems to be wrong: "In fact, 35 years on from that failed  attempt  on the Watzmann, I know believe that time does not exists at all, and that motion itself is pure illusion. What is more, I believe there is quite strong support in physics for his view. I have a vision and I have to tell you about it." (7)  
   In the rational and also in the conscious experience motion is real, not an illusion. The main difference is that in the rational experience past and future are consistent parts of the world; conscious experience brings awareness that the only existing physical reality is the one that can be perceived and measured, past exists only as a memory, future exist only as an imagination.
   That time does not exist as a fourth dimension of space-time and that with clocks we measure only duration of change was also discussed in the author book "Konec casa" (The End Of Time). (
   
   Physical Space And Its Mathematical Description  Position of an object in physical space can be defined with three coordinates. That's why in daily life we experience it as three dimensional. Three dimensional Euclid geometry corresponds better the nature of the physical space than other geometries do. In cosmology physical space is experienced through different mathematical models: three-dimensional infinite Euclid geometry, four dimensional geometry of Minkowsky, four dimensional finite spherical Riemann geometry. Cosmologists should develop awareness that mathematical model and physical space are two different things.
   
   Conclusion   Scientific understanding of time and space should be revised on the basis of elementary perception. Einstein says: "Reality is a feature of theory used to understand the world, rather than a feature of the world itself. One is danger of being misled by the illusion that the "real" of our daily experience, "exists really", and that certain concepts of physics are "mere ideas" separated from the " real " by an unbridgeable gulf." (9)

References:
1.  Sorli  A. (2004). Physical Time And Psychological Time. Frontier Perspectives, Vol 13, Num 1
2.  Davies P. (1995). About Time. Chapter 11, Time Travels: Reality of Fantasy? Orion Productions
3.  Buccheri R., Saniga M. (2003), Endo-Physical Paradigm and Mathematics of Subjective Time.
     Frontier Perspectives, Vol 12, Num 1
4.  Hawking S. The Beginning of Time. Public Lectures.  http://www.hawking.org.uk/text/public/bot.html
5.  Sorli A., Sorli K. (2004). Evolution As A Universal Process. Frontier Perspectives, Vol 13, Num 1
6.  Barbour J. (1999). The End Of Time. Oxford University Press, p. 2
7.  Barbour J. (1999). The End Of Time. Oxford University Press, p. 4
8.  Sorli A. (1990). Konec Casa (The End Of Time), Ljubljana, Slovenia, p. 93-96
9.  Einstein A. http://www.edscuola.it/archivio/lre/manzelli.html