Naked Science Forum
Non Life Sciences => Chemistry => Topic started by: Nicholas Lee on 26/07/2016 06:14:03
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I thought knocking a proton from its atomic nucleus would make the electrons, electron voltage requirement change to absorb a different color of visible light.
Knocking it out is going to change it to the next element up, or down in the periodic table.
But if the atoms element does not change by knocking the proton out then, if there is some change in the electrons, electron voltage requirement to visible light, like it absorbs a different color, then this proof its the protons, and neutrons that effect eV in electrons, as well as distance from the atom, and as atoms form covalent bonds to make molecules.
I just want to know if knocking put the neutron, will change the electron voltage requirement by 00.1, that would be enough to show that protons, and neutron effect the electron, in the absorption, and emission process.
But protons are positive, and would possibly effect the electron because it is negative, so what if the neutron was knocked out which is a negative particle, which should not effect the electron.
I am not a expert in atoms, and maybe this experiment can only be done in a light laboratory.
I am grateful for your help, anything helps even a few words.
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Neutrons have no net electric charge, so that to a first approximation, inserting them or removing them from a nucleus has no effect on the attraction of the nucleus to the surrounding electrons, and therefore would result in no change in the spectral characteristics of radiation absorbed by or emitted by the electrons as they jump between orbits. Actually, however, there could be a slight effect because the removal of a neutron would change the nuclear mass, which enters into the state equations governing how electrons orbit it. This change would be very slight. Also, the neutron has a magnetic dipole moment and appears to have a possible electrostatic dipole moment also, both of which would exert slight effects on the behavior of electrons.
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Knocking out a neutron does not change the number of electrons or its electron energy levels significantly.
However, removing a neutron may make the nucleus unstable, so it may spontaneously change into a different element at some later time, for example by emitting a beta particle and a neutrino. This will change the electron structure.
For all but the lightest atoms, you need slightly more neutrons than protons for the nucleus to be stable.
You can see the stable combinations of protons and neutrons here:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron%E2%80%93proton_ratio#/media/File:Isotopes_and_half-life.svg