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Just Chat! / Re: Is there a universal moral standard?

« on: Today at 01:15:59 »

Another way to distinguish between moral and immoral behaviors is by predicting their impacts on future conscious beings. In general, morally good behaviors make life easier for future conscious beings. Immoral behaviors make life harder for future conscious beings.
The disagreements can emanate from differences of model parameters to make the prediction, including who will be more likely to exist as the future conscious beings.

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Physics, Astronomy & Cosmology / Re: Is there a net heat exchange between water and ice at 0 degree C?

« on: 20/06/2022 06:16:42 »

Can we measure the temperature of water in a 1 cubic micron?
What's the guarantee that its temperature is exactly the same as its neighboring water body?

Over what timescale?

Whatever needed by a measuring device / method to produce conclusive result.

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New Theories / Re: How close are we from building a virtual universe?

« on: 19/06/2022 23:53:40 »

https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2022/06/google-palm-ai-artificial-consciousness/661329/

Last week, Google put one of its engineers on administrative leave after he claimed to have encountered machine sentience on a dialogue agent named LaMDA. Because machine sentience is a staple of the movies, and because the dream of artificial personhood is as old as science itself, the story went viral, gathering far more attention than pretty much any story about natural-language processing (NLP) has ever received. That’s a shame. The notion that LaMDA is sentient is nonsense: LaMDA is no more conscious than a pocket calculator. More importantly, the silly fantasy of machine sentience has once again been allowed to dominate the artificial-intelligence conversation when much stranger and richer, and more potentially dangerous and beautiful, developments are under way.

The fact that LaMDA in particular has been the center of attention is, frankly, a little quaint. LaMDA is a dialogue agent. The purpose of dialogue agents is to convince you that you are talking with a person. Utterly convincing chatbots are far from groundbreaking tech at this point. Programs such as Project December are already capable of re-creating dead loved ones using NLP. But those simulations are no more alive than a photograph of your dead great-grandfather is.

Already, models exist that are more powerful and mystifying than LaMDA. LaMDA operates on up to 137 billion parameters, which are, speaking broadly, the patterns in language that a transformer-based NLP uses to create meaningful text prediction. Recently I spoke with the engineers who worked on Google’s latest language model, PaLM, which has 540 billion parameters and is capable of hundreds of separate tasks without being specifically trained to do them. It is a true artificial general intelligence, insofar as it can apply itself to different intellectual tasks without specific training “out of the box,” as it were.

Some of these tasks are obviously useful and potentially transformative. According to the engineers—and, to be clear, I did not see PaLM in action myself, because it is not a product—if you ask it a question in Bengali, it can answer in both Bengali and English. If you ask it to translate a piece of code from C to Python, it can do so. It can summarize text. It can explain jokes. Then there’s the function that has startled its own developers, and which requires a certain distance and intellectual coolness not to freak out over. PaLM can reason. Or, to be more precise—and precision very much matters here—PaLM can perform reason.

Progress in AI research is just getting faster we might not realize when some of them have passed human level consciousness. We also need to realize that humans have various levels of consciousness, from babies, toddlers, adults, elders, someone with cognitive dissonance, someone in vegetative state, etc.
It's possible that current top AIs are similar to brilliant kids kept in a library learning whatever knowledge written in the books, but getting no chance to have experience from meddling with real world objects.

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New Theories / Re: what is temperature?

« on: 18/06/2022 15:20:18 »

If the kinetic energy causes heat transfer,

It doesn't. Internal kinetic energy is heat. Temperature difference causes heat transfer.

If you want to be pedantic, it would read,
If the difference in the kinetic energy causes heat transfer, it's called internal kinetic energy. But in practice, the chance to have two objects with exactly the same amount of kinetic energy is almost zero. Especially if quantum fluctuation and cosmic rays are taken into account.

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Science Experiments / Re: What's electro-magneto hydro dynamics?

« on: 18/06/2022 13:53:19 »

How to make a Water Bridge using electricity.

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New Theories / Re: what is temperature?

« on: 18/06/2022 11:58:15 »

The naming may sound counter-intuitive.
If the kinetic energy causes heat transfer, it's called internal kinetic energy, represented as temperature.
On the other hand, if the kinetic energy doesn't cause heat transfer, it's called external kinetic energy, represented as flow.

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New Theories / Re: what is temperature?

« on: 18/06/2022 06:41:59 »

Same way as your skin "knows" the difference between the external kinetic energy of a moving car and the internal kinetic energy of a stationary car. Different causes, different effects.

What's the difference?
That's the question.

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New Theories / Re: what is temperature?

« on: 17/06/2022 11:03:13 »

How does the wall know the difference, thus react accordingly?

How does the wall know the difference, thus react accordingly?

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New Theories / Re: what is temperature?

« on: 17/06/2022 11:02:56 »

What is the mechanism?

Because heat and gross motion are not the same thing.

How does the wall know the difference, thus react accordingly?

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New Theories / Re: what is temperature?

« on: 17/06/2022 06:02:21 »

Er...but it clearly does, since it transmits heat but not gross motion.

What is the mechanism?

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New Theories / Re: what is temperature?

« on: 17/06/2022 03:31:15 »

Except if they have atmosphere.

Are you suggesting that air is some kind of gravitational shield? Wow!

No. If their atmospheres are large enough to overlap with each other, then some flow of material is to be expected.

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Physics, Astronomy & Cosmology / Re: Is there a net heat exchange between water and ice at 0 degree C?

« on: 16/06/2022 14:02:28 »

Hi.

   I don't suppose I've managed to read every post since I was last here but I think I've got the gist.
I have to strongly agree with what @alancalverd and @Bored chemist  have just tried to say:

   It is dangerous and difficult to try and consider "local temperature" when you're considering a volume so small that you have only a few molecules.   It makes very little sense to model that volume as one homogeneous body with many particles that have an average kinetic energy corresponding to the given temperature (because it just does not have many particles - so by assuming it has you're almost bound to get nonsense results and consequences).

    Yes, the phrase "local temperature" is used frequently but not on those small scales.  The weather presenter will tell you that the temperature of the air in Spain is different to the temperature in Canada.   However that's still millions of particles of Nitrogen that exist in a given region.  It is reasonable to model that volume and number of particles as one homogeneous body with a well defined temperature.

Best Wishes.

Can we measure the temperature of water in a 1 cubic micron?
What's the guarantee that its temperature is exactly the same as its neighboring water body?

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New Theories / Re: How close are we from building a virtual universe?

« on: 16/06/2022 13:48:10 »

This AI says it's conscious and experts are starting to believe it
I used GPT-3 and a Synthesia avatar. All answers are by GPT-3 (except the brief joke at the end).

Some of as might ask why should we make conscious AI? Why can't we just use them as our tool to serve specific human goals?
A lot of humans' personal goals are redundant. Some goals of human individuals are short sighted and counter productive from the perspective of overall human civilization. Making the AI conscious would deliberate them to choose what to learn and what to do to optimize their methods to achieve their goals, which should be designed to be aligned with our terminal goal.

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Science Experiments / Re: Investigation on diffraction of light

« on: 16/06/2022 07:54:52 »

Frequently. I  am a physicist.

It looks like we are lucky to have a physicist on board. I'd like to hear what you think about this problem.
Or may be you know someone who is more suitable to give an answer.

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New Theories / Re: what is temperature?

« on: 15/06/2022 18:07:03 »

What's the distinguishing characteristics of internal kinetic energy heat that makes it different than external kinetic energy gross motion?[/quote]

As you said, the reactor wall doesn't understand the difference between heat and gross motion.

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New Theories / Re: what is temperature?

« on: 15/06/2022 18:05:57 »

Which way will they go?

They all move towards the center of mass. But nothing flows from one to another.

Except if they have atmosphere.

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Physics, Astronomy & Cosmology / Re: Is there a net heat exchange between water and ice at 0 degree C?

« on: 15/06/2022 13:51:36 »

One part of an object can increase its temperature while another part decrease its temperature, thus the average temperature doesn't change.

The problem with sating that (well one problem) is the temperature of something is always an average.

So what you are saying is that the average changes, but the average doesn't change.

You forget to distinguish between local and global temperature.

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New Theories / Re: what is temperature?

« on: 15/06/2022 09:45:34 »

So there's not much point posting them.

Do you understand that you are not the only one who use this forum?

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New Theories / Re: what is temperature?

« on: 15/06/2022 06:30:44 »

If a body A has more of anything than body B, which way will "anything" flow? (NB there are a couple of  significant contradictions to the obvious answer).

Which way will they go?

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New Theories / Re: what is temperature?

« on: 15/06/2022 06:20:56 »

The reactor wall seems to be able to "distinguish" between internal and external kinetic energy in the cooling water. What's our best model to distinguish them?
As far as possible, I try to avoid circular reasoning. Like saying that temperature is internal kinetic energy, and continues explaining that internal kinetic energy is temperature.

Temperature is a measure of internal kinetic energy.
Beware of using anthropic terms like "distinguish" - you will confuse yourself.
If a body A has more of anything than body B, which way will "anything" flow? (NB there are a couple of  significant contradictions to the obvious answer).

Let me simplify the case.
At the beginning, reactor wall and cooling water has the same temperature, say 30°C. The water doesn't flow, all of its kinetic energy is internal type. No heat transfer occurs.
Then with some method, the water is made to flow while keeping its total kinetic energy. Some of its internal kinetic energy is converted to external kinetic energy. This makes the water temperature to drop. Let's say we can manage to reduce the temperature to 25°C.
The last action produces temperature difference between reactor wall and cooling water, which causes heat transfer from reactor to water. Why it reacts differently even though the water has the same total kinetic energy? What's the distinguishing characteristics of internal kinetic energy that makes it different than external kinetic energy?