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Just Chat! / Re: Why do governments have such a hard time balancing their budget?

« Last post by alancalverd on Today at 16:18:28 »

One of the founding principles of the EU was privatisation (as espoused by Thatcher) and the abolition of public subsidy to private enterprise, as ignored by France and Germany, with substantial controlling investments in infrastructure, and by UK Tory governments in bailing out their incompetent relatives.   

One good example is the privatisation of water supplies. In the UK, Tory donors and the French government own the water that falls on your land and all the process machinery thereafter, but in France the government owns the water and infrastructure, and merely issues short-term contracts to process and manage the retail supply. Result: if Joe Bloggs Water Company pollutes the river and poisons the population, they get a trivial fine and a subsidy to carry on, but if Eaux LePont fail to meet the contract specification they are imprisoned and sued to bankruptcy. 

There is a rider to this. British public water, as supplied by those disgraceful socialist water authorities  since Victorian times, was specified to industrial quality - in essence, no biological content at the point of delivery. In the name of profit and level-playing-field competition the EU relaxed the specification to "potable", which allows all sorts of non-toxic algae to flourish and jam up non-human machinery. 

The combination of Brexit and a secure Labour majority might just get the UK back to the 20th century in terms of public health and safety.

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New Theories / Re: Where does quantization of energy of electromagnetic radiation come from?

« Last post by hamdani yusuf on Today at 15:12:23 »

Returning to the original question, EMR is not necessarily quantised. Maxwell's propagation laws apply at any and all frequencies, so you can in principle generate radiation at any photon energy you want.

Afaik, Maxwell's model for electromagnetic radiation has no concept of photon.

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New Theories / Re: Where does quantization of energy of electromagnetic radiation come from?

« Last post by hamdani yusuf on Today at 14:52:40 »

Above that value the intensity of emission increases with current, usually limited by heating which reduces efficiency, but the spectrum is relatively fixed.

The video shows that the spectrum is temperature dependent.

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New Theories / Re: Where does quantization of energy of electromagnetic radiation come from?

« Last post by alancalverd on Today at 14:39:03 »

Returning to the original question, EMR is not necessarily quantised. Maxwell's propagation laws apply at any and all frequencies, so you can in principle generate radiation at any photon energy you want.

What Planck said was IF you have an ideal particle rattling about in a perfectly elastic box, it can only have discrete energy levels, and you can use this model to predict the UV spectrum etc. If the box does not have defined dimensions then the number of permissible states tends to infinity, hence the black body continuum with a continuous distribution of energy versus wavelength as predicted by the rigid box model for any particular wavelength.

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New Theories / Re: Where does quantization of energy of electromagnetic radiation come from?

« Last post by alancalverd on Today at 14:29:46 »

If you look at the pdf data sheet you will see that there is "leakage only" current below about 1.65 V, and (obviously) no light emission at zero junction current. Since the lowest visible energy is about 1.2 eV, conservation laws suggest that even if we add a bit of thermal energy, you need at least a volt from somewhere to get any visible light from an LED. UV LEDs typically run at 4 - 8 volt V_f.

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New Theories / Re: Newest Quantum Gravity and Theory of Everything, TOE

« Last post by Bored chemist on Today at 14:16:02 »

How did you arrive at that number?

In the three models galactical, cosmical and supercosmical the distances are of the order of 15 powers, so from the last value of 10^-65 I subtracted 15 and got 10^-80.

What you seem not to realise is that you just announced that you don't know what logic and evidence are, but you still expect us to pay attention to your ideas.

Why would we do that?

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Science Experiments / Re: What phenomena can be demonstrated by a cheap high voltage generator?

« Last post by hamdani yusuf on Today at 14:14:29 »

This is the video introducing new high voltage generator with better control.

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Just Chat! / Re: Why do governments have such a hard time balancing their budget?

« Last post by Bored chemist on Today at 14:01:51 »

Brexit offers the opportunity to do so,

How so?
Brexit has left the UK with less money to invest.
The rest of Europe is noted for investing more into publicly owned infrastructure so it's not "being in the EU" that stopped the UK doing it.
For example, we in the UK (via EDF) subsidise the French power industry. Brexit hasn't helped that.

PPI/ PFI was essentially government fraud launched by John major- pretending that you could borrow without borrowing.
I'd be happy to see all the PFI  schemes simply brought back into state ownership without compensation of the companies that took them on.
After all, the idea was that the private sector should carry the risk.

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New Theories / Re: Newest Quantum Gravity and Theory of Everything, TOE

« Last post by The Spoon on Today at 13:59:20 »

How did you arrive at that number?

In the three models galactical, cosmical and supercosmical the distances are of the order of 15 powers, so from the last value of 10^-65 I subtracted 15 and got 10^-80.

What models? Ones that you made up?

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New Theories / Re: Newest Quantum Gravity and Theory of Everything, TOE

« Last post by cpu68 on Today at 12:48:12 »

How did you arrive at that number?

In the three models galactical, cosmical and supercosmical the distances are of the order of 15 powers, so from the last value of 10^-65 I subtracted 15 and got 10^-80.