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There is much speculation by respected scientists that the mind might not reside in the brain but outside in a quantum energy field.
The accident happened on September 13, 1848 at a construction site of the Rutland & Burlington Railroad. Gage, a construction foreman, was unwisely tamping dynamite into a hole with the big iron rod -- it weighed over 13 pounds -- when the explosives ignited, blowing the rod out of the hole and through his head. He was taken to the Cavendish doctor, John Harlow, who plugged the holes in his skull and kept him under observation. Amazingly, Gage was alive, fully conscious, and experienced no lasting physical handicaps. The plaque notes, however, that he was " mentally greatly changed," and that "once an efficient and capable foreman, he was now increasingly erratic, irritable, and profane." Gage lived for a dozen cuss-filled years afterward.
In 1848, a man named Phineas Gage suffered a brain wound which has rendered him as the index case of personality change after frontal lobe injury. During work on the construction of the Rutland & Burlington Railroad, an unplanned explosion propelled a rod, about a meter long and three cm in diameter, through his head. The entrance wound was in the right cheek; the exit was in the midline near the intersection of the sagittal and coronal sutures. Against expectation, Gage survived.