Naked Science Forum
General Science => Question of the Week => Topic started by: thedoc on 04/12/2016 13:40:28
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We find out if applying ice to an injury actually helps to speed up healing. Plus we ask, would dining with a silver spoon make your food taste better?
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We answered this question on the show...
We posed this question to Dr Jonathan Leeder, Physiologist at the English Institute of Sport.
Jonathan - Soft tissue injuries such a contusions, strains and sprains [img float=right]/forum/copies/RTEmagicC_icecubes_05.jpg.jpg[/img]are frequent in multiple human endeavours and ice is commonly applied as part of the PRICE principle which stands for Protection, Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation. Ice is generally applied immediately post injury to reduce tissue metabolism thereby limiting secondary hypoxic damage and reduce the degree of oedema and muscle damage. Although this holds credited scientific rationale there is very little empirical evidence to support the use of ice at this stage.
Hannah - So, ice cools injured tissue down, lowers its metabolism and it’s thought that this decreases the chance that the swollen tissue becomes starved of oxygen, and further damaged. Anything else?
Jonathan - The second common use of ice is in the rehabilitation stage – primarily due to the analgesic properties of ice application. The efficacy of ice application for analgesia, largely due to reductions in nerve conduction velocity is well-documented and supported by reasonable evidence base.
Although ice may be capable of reducing the painful symptom associated with soft tissue injury, there's limited evidence to suggest that the application of ice enhances the recovery rate of injury rehabilitation. It may just alleviate soreness during your recovery process.
Conversely, there's probably a growing evidence that suggested, it might actually be detrimental to attempt to reduce the inflammatory response through ice application because inflammation is a critical part of the repair process.
In summary, due to the proven analgesic properties of ice application, it does have a place in acute soft tissue management but due to lack of evidence in high quality research optimal protocols are not known.
Hannah - So, ice is known to be useful at stopping pain and it does this by lowering the speed that nerve cells send their electrical signal. Decreasing tissue temperature with the ice may also slow down the rate of production of inflammatory factors. And this will include some noxious pro-inflammatory metabolites that will sensitise nerve endings to pain. So cutting down the inflammation will cut down pain this way too. But the downside of this is that ice may also be slowing down your body’s immune system and therefore, preventing your body from repairing itself.
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vessels are ruptured , excess flow/swelling needs slowing
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what effect would cold have on inflammatory chemicals, kinins, etc? Isnt that part of what causes pain beside swollen tissues pressing on nerves?
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It's a double edged sword. Ice could retard any bacterial growths that might occur that would further infect a cut say, but it would also slow down natural healing processes. Swelling like fevers are part of the natural design to aid in healing.
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I have been wondering about this ever since I joined my high school cross country team and everyone used ice packs and baths (submerging the legs in a tub of 50 degree Fahrenheit water) after a run. I kept if it was really good for you and how it worked, and I never got a satisfying response. I thought that it would actually slow down the healing process by slowing the conversion of lactate back to pyruvate, thereby making you sore longer but because it was cold, you wouldn't feel it. When I asked my coach just said it reduces inflammation and that somehow helps the healing process (at the time I didn't know what happened during the inflammation process). So I thank you for explaining.
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Isn't this uncertainty a very clear argument for a point of care randomised trial?
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The role of ice has been studied in a number of trials. See this 2012 paper as a starting point: www(dot)ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3396304/
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In my Chef years ice or ice water was indispensable for treating burns, as far as other things for a swollen joint ice helps
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I think ice helps healing because the body's see ice A's a treat and sends more cell to repair the damage cells that died in the processes wen ice is apply during swelling
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I am currently doing an assignment on this for my physiotherapy (physical therapy for any Americans reading this), and the cold water immersion is actually slightly different to ice... I will explain. It is due to the ability of the tissue to adapt to the temperature of the cold treatment. So, ice is normally the go-to choice for superficial injury, though for deeper tissues, cold water treatment is needed. This is done 10 mins in, 10 mins out generally.
With regards to cold water immersion after cross country, this is evidence lead - cold water immersion is better for aerobic/ endurance sports. The physiology is similar to that of the injured muscle, though with different outcomes. Mainstream science still is unsure of the exact microsteps within inflammation and healing, so we only know that this does work, though clarity in WHY is still up for debate.
If you have a soft tissue injury, use ice up to 72 hours, as even though the obvious swelling may have reduced, the interstitial fluid can go from the blood stream into the muscle as there is a now a lower pressure there.... Therefore there is a smaller swelling/contusion/bruise/ call it what you will, though inflammation is still present.