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My previous experiment didn't produce conclusive result yet. I'll try again if I can find a way to improve the experimental setup and increase the signal over noise ratio.Some of electrolytic solutions that will be used are NaCl, H2SO4, HCl, CuSO4, FeCl3.\What happened when you used them?
In the english version of wikipedia for the same subject(magnetic field), the Einsteinian model is lost (i dont know why) :I think it's moved to a separate article.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_field
hamdani yusuf, i dont really understand your claim.Where did I say that?
You say that nobody understand the magnetic force.
In order to have a revolution, you need to persuade a few million individuals to behave in a certain way, beheading aristocrats or marching across China, for instance. And the leaders of the revolution are subject to your judgement of morality.With more knowledge and more accurate and precise model of reality, we can avoid and prevent more immoral actions. We forgive but not forget. Any moral rule involving reward and punishment system is meaningless if it doesn't help making life easier for future conscious beings.
Problem is that society evolves, so what may appear to be in the short term interest of the peasant army may pave the way for repression of their descendants.
SpaceX's Starship launch vehicle has the potential to explore the solar system in a bold, new -- and supersized -- way. Planetary scientist Jennifer Heldmann talks about how reusable, large-scale spacecraft like Starship could help humanity achieve its next galactic leaps and usher in a new era of space exploration, from investigating the solar system's many ocean worlds to launching bigger telescopes that can see deeper into the universe.
Veganism will win, but you're wrong about why
Loose workings for how many cows my dairy consumption will kill (for a reason unknown to me, this text didn't render on the video, sorry): Based on my current rate of dairy consumption (1 litre milk + 500g of cheese per week) I’ll consume another 15,600 litres of milk if I reach 82. The average cow produces 49,780 litres of milk throughout its life, and for every cow there is a culled bull and a child that’s taken away.
Timestamps:
00:00 Why Make it Easy?
02:48 Can They Suffer?
06:53 Unnecessary Harm
16:02 An Arbitrary Definition
19:34 Two Sovereign Masters
27:58 Why Not Vegan?!
The same way that you predict the effect of any action on generations yet unborn. Inspired guesswork.I don't see how it can lead to determine the future actions of a specific individual.
Look at Russia and China in 1900. What could benefit present and future generations more than a communist revolution?
Abortion of unwanted pregnancies:moral or immoral?The moral judgement should be done case by case, considering what's known to the moral agents, and the most likely consequences from the actions/behaviors, and how they would affect the life of future conscious beings.
Contraception?
Spaying a pet dog?
Suppose I could have prevented the birth of Pol Pot. Serious negative impact on one known conscious being, major benefit to everyone else. Moral or immoral?How did you predict what the unborn Pol Pot would do?
How I learned to stop worrying and love Artificial Super Intelligence
I think fears of artificial super intelligence (in pop culture, specifically) are a bit overblown. I lay out my case in this vodeo.
Scientists have often thought that magnetic (and electric) fields are fundamental quantities that relate to real, physical, observable things in the universe. And they are. But, it may be possible that their potentials are even more fundamental!It seems that answering the OP question involves identifying the "magnetic vector potential" (A).
Hey everyone, in this video I wanted to discuss how a quantity initially created purely for mathematical convenience, ends up being a really important fundamental quantity in the study of quantum mechanics.
Magnetic fields (B) are used to describe how magnets interact with each other - both the creator of the field, and any magnet placed within the field. And these fields are thought to be fundamental quantities, neatly describing the behaviour of all magnetic objects. However, sometimes magnetic fields are not mathematically simple to deal with.
To overcome this issue, physicists made use of a neat math trick. They took an identity that states that the divergence of the curl of any vector must be zero, as well as the Maxwell equation that states that the divergence of any magnetic field must always be zero ( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0jW74lrpeM0 ) to define a "magnetic vector potential" (A). The relationship is that a magnetic field is equal to the curl of its vector potential.
Now vector potentials are often easier to work with mathematically, but they aren't uniquely defined ("gauge invariance"). If we have a certain B-field, this can be described by multiple related A-fields. But when given an A-field, we can uniquely find the corresponding B-field. This is important later.
When studying quantum mechanics, it turns out that the A-field can have a real, measurable impact on a system, despite only being considered a mathematical convenience. Importantly, this measurable impact has nothing to do with the corresponding B-field! This is because in a region of space where B is zero, but A is not zero, we can find the wave function of an electron being changed. Specifically, the phase of the wave function changes, and this can be measured using a particular type of double-slit experiment. This effect is known as the Aharonov-Bohm Effect.
In other words, we find that the magnetic vector potential can have a real-world impact WITHOUT any influence from its corresponding magnetic field. The Aharonov-Bohm effect is telling us that electric and magnetic fields are not the fundamental quantities that we initially thought, and their potentials are the fundamental quantities! This despite potentials only being created for mathematical convenience!
Caveat to the Aharonov-Bohm effect: It *may* be possible to describe the effect by purely dealing with the magnetic field and not the vector potential, but this would involve having to give up the idea of locality - we would need nonlocal fields!
Timestamps:
0:00 - Magnetic Field Lines: Vectors for Magnetic Interactions
1:46 - Magnetic Fields vs Mathematical Convenience
2:17 - A Neat Trick for Defining Magnetic Vector Potential
4:00 - Sponsor Chat: Thanks to Skillshare, Check Out a Free Trial Below!
5:00 - Gauge Invariance, Uniquely Defining the Vector Potential
6:08 - B Fields are the Real Fundamental Quantity... Right?!
6:45 - Passing an Electron Near a Solenoid (Coil of Wire)
7:56 - Phase and the Aharonov-Bohm Effect
9:40 - Final Thoughts
Whatever needed by a measuring device / method to produce conclusive result.Can we measure the temperature of water in a 1 cubic micron?Over what timescale?
What's the guarantee that its temperature is exactly the same as its neighboring water body?
Last week, Google put one of its engineers on administrative leave after he claimed to have encountered machine sentience on a dialogue agent named LaMDA. Because machine sentience is a staple of the movies, and because the dream of artificial personhood is as old as science itself, the story went viral, gathering far more attention than pretty much any story about natural-language processing (NLP) has ever received. That’s a shame. The notion that LaMDA is sentient is nonsense: LaMDA is no more conscious than a pocket calculator. More importantly, the silly fantasy of machine sentience has once again been allowed to dominate the artificial-intelligence conversation when much stranger and richer, and more potentially dangerous and beautiful, developments are under way.Progress in AI research is just getting faster we might not realize when some of them have passed human level consciousness. We also need to realize that humans have various levels of consciousness, from babies, toddlers, adults, elders, someone with cognitive dissonance, someone in vegetative state, etc.
The fact that LaMDA in particular has been the center of attention is, frankly, a little quaint. LaMDA is a dialogue agent. The purpose of dialogue agents is to convince you that you are talking with a person. Utterly convincing chatbots are far from groundbreaking tech at this point. Programs such as Project December are already capable of re-creating dead loved ones using NLP. But those simulations are no more alive than a photograph of your dead great-grandfather is.
Already, models exist that are more powerful and mystifying than LaMDA. LaMDA operates on up to 137 billion parameters, which are, speaking broadly, the patterns in language that a transformer-based NLP uses to create meaningful text prediction. Recently I spoke with the engineers who worked on Google’s latest language model, PaLM, which has 540 billion parameters and is capable of hundreds of separate tasks without being specifically trained to do them. It is a true artificial general intelligence, insofar as it can apply itself to different intellectual tasks without specific training “out of the box,” as it were.
Some of these tasks are obviously useful and potentially transformative. According to the engineers—and, to be clear, I did not see PaLM in action myself, because it is not a product—if you ask it a question in Bengali, it can answer in both Bengali and English. If you ask it to translate a piece of code from C to Python, it can do so. It can summarize text. It can explain jokes. Then there’s the function that has startled its own developers, and which requires a certain distance and intellectual coolness not to freak out over. PaLM can reason. Or, to be more precise—and precision very much matters here—PaLM can perform reason.
If you want to be pedantic, it would read,If the kinetic energy causes heat transfer,It doesn't. Internal kinetic energy is heat. Temperature difference causes heat transfer.
Same way as your skin "knows" the difference between the external kinetic energy of a moving car and the internal kinetic energy of a stationary car. Different causes, different effects.What's the difference?
How does the wall know the difference, thus react accordingly?How does the wall know the difference, thus react accordingly?
How does the wall know the difference, thus react accordingly?What is the mechanism?
Because heat and gross motion are not the same thing.