[hamdani yusuf (OP)]

Once replication becomes available, the evolutionary process can jumpstart. It's the hardest/rarest part of evolution if we must start from simplest chemicals. Random mutations and natural selection as the other factors of evolution are much more probable to occur.

How did natural selection begin? What was the origin of competition between cells? Explore the origin of life from chemistry to biology in this animated science video on abiogenesis. In this episode, we'll explore how natural selection evolves and how cell competition got started on the early earth.

[hamdani yusuf (OP)]

I'll make a preview for the next videos of naturally occurring conscious systems. Starting with the simplest things that are required for a system to become conscious, but not enough yet to be called conscious. It's the prerequisites to a system, as shown in the video above at 2:40.
Any system, regardless if it's conscious or not, starts with a boundary between its inner part and outer environment. This boundary can occur naturally in a natural system, or defined by a conscious system in an artificial system.
Surface of a rain drop is an example of a natural boundary.

Why do things exist? Setting the stage for evolution.
This video kicks off the evolution series by going broad and thinking about why things - including non-living things - exist at all. The first in a series on evolution.

As shown in this video, replication rate greatly modify the number of living things at equilibrium. It reduces the probability of their extinction. Related to my previous video about the key parameters for consciousness, replication is closely linked to the robustness of a system. It provides redundancy, thus in case one copy of the system fails, the other copy can still be functioning.
The redundancy is not only useful at the level of the whole living system. It's also useful at subsystem level.

This requires longer and more complex genetic materials in each organism's cell.

Longer and more complex code means harder to replicate correctly. Assuming that error rate is constant, having more data means more error.
At some point, it would be beneficial to have redundancy for those code storage, where the advantage for having a duplicate outweighs the cost for additional resources to make it.
In computer world, we can see it in RAID technology. While in biology, we found it in diploid and polyploid organisms.

[hamdani yusuf (OP)]

Demonetizing Everything: A Post Capitalism World | Peter Diamandis | Exponential Finance

Singularity University Executive Chairman & Co-founder Peter Diamandis will share his views and predictions on the "demonetization of living" and how this shift will impact your life, your career, your organization, and the global economy.

[hamdani yusuf (OP)]

Is There a Better Economic System than Capitalism?

Over time it is almost taken as given that science and technology will evolve and improve over time. But does the same hold true for the field of economics? Will future generations achieve superior levels of wealth due to advancements in economics or have we already solved everything there is to discover?

0:00 - 2:30 Intro
2:31 - 4:03 CleanMyMac
4:04 - 6:59 Purpose of economics
7:00 - 8:58 End of mercantilism
8:59 - 11:22 Economic innovation
11:23 Is there a better way?

To come up with a better way, it should be defined how to evaluate the proposed way.
The universal terminal goal provides the universal moral compass, which should be pursued by any conscious entities with intention to keep their existence and pass the great filter. Making more accurate and precise predictions about the future can help us make more effective and efficient decisions and actions, which will get us closer to the achievement of the universal terminal goal.

[hamdani yusuf (OP)]

How Particle Life emerges from simplicity

Particle Life is a very simple particle system. The simulation shows the emergence of incredibly beautiful life-like structures from rudimentary rules.

CHAPTERS
0:00 Intro
0:48 Impressions
5:08 Explanation
7:27 Example
9:20 Outro

The video gives us a glimpse of how complex systems like conscious lives might have emerged from simple fundamental rules.

[hamdani yusuf (OP)]

4:04 - 6:59 Purpose of economics

11:23 Is there a better way?

IMO, the purpose of science is to map causality in physical reality, which would be useful in predicting the consequences of our actions, so we can make the best decisions, based on what we already know. If current economics theories can't do that, then they are not really more useful than pseudoscience, like astrology or homeopathy. The fact that they can make money for their practitioners doesn't mean that they are useful for the society as a whole.

[hamdani yusuf (OP)]

Besides negative externality, unrestricted capitalism also suffers from inefficiency due to monopoly and market manipulation, where resources are redirected to unproductive activities.

[alancalverd]

The great thing about economics is that there are no wrong answers. If your prediction doesn't work out, it's because of "external influences".

Capitalism is extremely efficient: it produces short term yields for investors. Don't confuse desirability or sustainability with efficiency. 

[hamdani yusuf (OP)]

The great thing about economics is that there are no wrong answers. If your prediction doesn't work out, it's because of "external influences".

As long as you can identify and isolate those external factors reliably, it would be fine for the long run.

[hamdani yusuf (OP)]

Capitalism is extremely efficient: it produces short term yields for investors. Don't confuse desirability or sustainability with efficiency.

Anytime someone pursue short term goals while sacrificing their terminal goal, we can call them stupid, or immoral.

Most people who brag about their success in capitalist economy would likely forget about their benefits from socialist economy during their failures.

[hamdani yusuf (OP)]

https://www.vice.com/en/article/k7bdp9/mrbeast-cured-1000-people-blindness-because-society-is-broken
MrBeast Cured 1,000 People's Blindness Because Society Is Broken
That a wealthy YouTuber had to step in to provide access to a quick surgery is dystopian, but that may have been the point.

In a video uploaded on Sunday, YouTuber MrBeast announced that he was going to help “1000 blind people see for the first time” by sponsoring their cataract surgeries. “It’s gonna be crazy,” MrBeast says, in front of an audience of applauding patients. Throughout the video, MrBeast—real name Jimmy Donaldson—talks to people about their blurred eyesight before their surgery. After they emerge from the 10-minute surgery, joyful at their newfound sight, he dishes out lucrative prizes, like $50,000 or gifting a brand new Tesla.

The heartwarming video drew immediate attention, not least because the premise of a life-improving surgery being directly gifted by a wealthy YouTuber in an inspirational viral video seems slightly dystopian. MrBeast has said he spends $8 million a month on his videos and by his estimate, his business’ valuation is $1.5 billion.

“I watch this video and I’m filled with rage that we shut off access to a 10-minute procedure because we paywalled it and decided that only some people can get it,” leftist streamer Hasan Piker said of MrBeast’s video. “It’s so insanely frustrating that it’s up to one YouTube guy to decide to make content out of it, that people who are too poor just can’t cuddling  see.”

Piker’s point wasn’t lost on MrBeast. Nowhere in the video does MrBeast mention that the inability for someone without means to get cataract surgery in the US is the result of failing healthcare policy or the insurance industry, rather than a lack of access to MrBeast. However, he did point out that the surgeries should just be free on his Twitter account, and wondered why the government doesn’t step in to help.

“I don’t understand why curable blindness is a thing. Why don’t governments step in and help?” MrBeast tweeted. “Even if you’re thinking purely from a financial standpoint it’s hard to see how they don’t roi [return on investment] on taxes from people being able to work again.”

This is, of course, true for every disabling illness, which caused some to be amused at MrBeast’s gradual epiphany that we should have universal healthcare.

Access to cataract surgery is an important topic for the doctor who performed them in MrBeast’s video, as well. The surgeries were performed by Dr. Jeffrey Levenson, a Jacksonville, Florida surgeon who has been raising funds to offer the surgeries for free through a nonprofit for 20 years. In a five-year-old video on Tedx Santa Barbara, Levenson describes getting cataracts himself and then laments that 200 million people across the globe either don’t have access to or can’t afford such surgery. Many of those 200 million people live in the Global South; this may be the reason many of the doctors mentioned in Levenson’s talk as innovators of modern cataract surgeries also live in the Global South.

It is undeniably dystopian that this surgery is inaccessible to many, and that a group of people had to wait for the random charity of a moneyed internet star to get it. MrBeast cured 1,000 people’s blindness because society is broken, but that seems like the point.

A good macroeconomic system should make it easier for society members to become more productive, rather than making it more difficult. It may be contrary to selfish and shortsighted microeconomic incentives, which encourage price gouging and market manipulation.

[hamdani yusuf (OP)]

Capitalism is extremely efficient: it produces short term yields for investors. Don't confuse desirability or sustainability with efficiency.

Unrestricted capitalism is extremely efficient for some economic players to accumulate wealth/resources, and depleting some others. It's almost as efficient as imperialism, colonialism, slavery, robbery, and theft.

Mr. Beast’s New Video Sparks a Conversation About the Cruelty of Capitalism

Mr. Beast's new video has sparked a conversation about healthcare and why governments don't cure citizens of unnecessary illnesses. This is a great opportunity to educate young people about the barbaric nature of our late stage capitalist system.

[alancalverd]

It is inevitable that if you use any resource for project A, it is not available for project B. Call it entropy, if you wish. Not restricted to capitalism!

The joy of capitalism is that only private investors get involved in a project. If it doesn't meet its goal within budget, you lose your money and sell off whatever resources remain. Been there, done that, learned a few lessons, no regrets and no burden on anyone else.

Under communism, socialism or "public-private partnership" (another term for corruption) projects are not allowed to fail because they are pawns in the game of politics. The taxpayer is committed to support each one until the government changes. HS2 is currently running at £130,000,000,000, rather more that NASA spent on the entire Apollo project, and still hasn't built 100 miles of 18th century technology, never mind 6,000,000 passenger-miles to the moon and back. If it is ever completed, the train operators will need to be subsidised because no railway in the world runs at a profit and there  is no real demand for another service between London and Birmingham. 

The "cruelty of capitalism" is not universal. The USA is a banana republic with no bananas, where the constitution only grants citizens the absolute right to kill each other, and is atypical. Civilised countries (i.e practically everywhere else) manage to provide free healthcare without stifling speculative innovation. 

[alancalverd]

The great thing about economics is that there are no wrong answers. If your prediction doesn't work out, it's because of "external influences".

As long as you can identify and isolate those external factors reliably, it would be fine for the long run.

Good heavens no! You'd be held to account for your failures! Are you mad?

[hamdani yusuf (OP)]

It is inevitable that if you use any resource for project A, it is not available for project B. Call it entropy, if you wish. Not restricted to capitalism!

The joy of capitalism is that only private investors get involved in a project. If it doesn't meet its goal within budget, you lose your money and sell off whatever resources remain. Been there, done that, learned a few lessons, no regrets and no burden on anyone else.

Under communism, socialism or "public-private partnership" (another term for corruption) projects are not allowed to fail because they are pawns in the game of politics. The taxpayer is committed to support each one until the government changes. HS2 is currently running at £130,000,000,000, rather more that NASA spent on the entire Apollo project, and still hasn't built 100 miles of 18th century technology, never mind 6,000,000 passenger-miles to the moon and back. If it is ever completed, the train operators will need to be subsidised because no railway in the world runs at a profit and there  is no real demand for another service between London and Birmingham. 

The "cruelty of capitalism" is not universal. The USA is a banana republic with no bananas, where the constitution only grants citizens the absolute right to kill each other, and is atypical. Civilised countries (i.e practically everywhere else) manage to provide free healthcare without stifling speculative innovation. 

IMO, systemic failure in the US are caused by legalized bribery and corruption. The current system doesn't have an effective defense mechanism against them, because policies are produced by politicians with short term goals in mind, which makes them vulnerable of being bought by investors with short term goals in mind. Unfortunately, their constituents don't seem to have adequate critical thinking to see through and filter out the rhetoric and deceptions being fed to them through mass media. Capitalism justifies the slow killing of those who are unfortunately lose the economic competitions, by depriving their access to necessary resources to survive. It doesn't really matter whether they lose due to sheer luck, their incompetence, lack of determination, or being cheated.
On the other hand, failures in communist systems are mainly caused by authoritarian governments which makes their wrong decisions unlikely to be corrected until much of damage have been done. They tend to remove the incentive of utilizing resources more effectively and efficiently.

AFAIK, there is no purely capitalist nor socialist system in the world currently. All countries are mixture of both systems with various percentage.

[hamdani yusuf (OP)]

The great thing about economics is that there are no wrong answers. If your prediction doesn't work out, it's because of "external influences".

As long as you can identify and isolate those external factors reliably, it would be fine for the long run.

Good heavens no! You'd be held to account for your failures! Are you mad?

Continuous improvement starts with identification of problems, and possible solutions. Preventing repetition of past mistakes is by first learning from them.

[alancalverd]

Capitalism justifies the slow killing of those who are unfortunately lose the economic competitions, by depriving their access to necessary resources to survive. It doesn't really matter whether they lose due to sheer luck, their incompetence, lack of determination, or being cheated.

The operative words being "it doesn't really matter" because you start or invest in an enterprise with your eyes open, you set your own limits and do your own thing, and nobody else gets hurt if you lose. The problem with a centrally planned economy is that everybody loses because there are no limits and nobody has the authority to shout "stop". .

[alancalverd]

Continuous improvement starts with identification of problems, and possible solutions. Preventing repetition of past mistakes is by first learning from them.

Not in economics, because the game is changing all the time. The only teachable mistake is not setting a cutoff for a public enterprise that isn't working, and nobody has ever learned the lesson because public enterprises are driven by politics, not perceived need.

[hamdani yusuf (OP)]

The problem with a centrally planned economy is that everybody loses because there are no limits and nobody has the authority to shout "stop". .

The top leader can stop anytime, although it's often too late because they are confined in a distorted view of reality by the reports of the subordinates who are discouraged from bringing bad news.
As mentioned earlier by Yuval Harari, local problems should be solved locally, while global problems should be solved globally.

[hamdani yusuf (OP)]

Continuous improvement starts with identification of problems, and possible solutions. Preventing repetition of past mistakes is by first learning from them.

Not in economics, because the game is changing all the time. The only teachable mistake is not setting a cutoff for a public enterprise that isn't working, and nobody has ever learned the lesson because public enterprises are driven by politics, not perceived need.

There's a law in economy which doesn't seem to change. It's diminishing marginal utility.