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On Quantum Particle Entanglement
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On Quantum Particle Entanglement
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On Quantum Particle Entanglement
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In 1923, Louis de Broglie proposed that the observed ‘particle-wave duality’ of light, could also be applied to all physical particles.
Subsequent experiments proved this to be the case, for example, the electron was found to have a wavelength of 10
-7
metres.
As the wavelength of the electron is shorter than that of visible light, it led to the development of the electron microscope and a quantum leap forward in image resolution.
Although Louis de Broglie’s concept of ‘particle-wave duality’ is proven physics theory, the explanation of ‘particle entanglement’ is still the subject of debate, with no consensus having yet been reached.
But if the nature of particle-wave duality can be explained, then other inexplicable phenomenon, such as why electrons in their atomic bands form into pairs, despite the mutual repulsion of their negative electrostatic charges.
The aim of this article is to explain ‘quantum particle entanglement’ and the properties they exhibit when in this state.
Experimentation showed that if two entangled particles, such as the electron, were separated apart from each other, they continued to remain in an entangled state.
As a consequence, a change of state induced in one electron, such as the reversal of its spin from ‘up to down’, induces a reversal of state in the other electron from ‘down to up’, thereby maintaining their entangled pairing, regardless of their distance apart.
Einstein referred to this as ‘spooky action at a distance’.
However, more recent experimentation with quantum entanglement, appeared to show, that the inter-action between two entangled particles, can occur at a speed that is apparently faster than light.
If this is the case, then quantum computers could be built to operate at speeds faster than the speed of light.
However, experiments upon particles such as the protons, neutrons, electrons, neutrinos and molecules, are all known to undergo quantum entanglement.
All these particles have a magnetic nature, but if the electric charge is the cause of quantum particle entanglement, then the neutral particles would be excluded.
This points to the process of quantum particle entanglement, as being a purely magnetic phenomenon, totally unrelated to and unaffected by electrostatic charges.
Achieving the aim of this article, requires a change to be made to the physical concept of a particle and a photon.
The electron, for example, is known to behave like a tiny magnet, which implies that it must have a magnetic field ring rotating around it.
But if magnetism is at the root of ‘particle entanglement’, then a review of its relevant properties is required.
Traditionally, there are three basic axioms associated with the formation of a magnetic field, namely:
magnetic field lines form along circular pathways, magnetic field lines cannot cross each other, magnetic field lines circling in opposite directions, one clockwise and the other anti-clockwise, attract each other, whereas magnetic field lines circling in the same direction, repel each other.
To these three traditional axioms of magnetism must now be added three more axioms.
Magnetic particles all have a dual particle structure, created from a core magnetic particle with a magnetic field ring circling around it.
The circulating magnetic field ring rotates at the speed of light.
The core particle and it’s ring particle can be separated apart from each other, with the circulating particle being released as a magnetic wave.
A summary of the properties of magnetism, as they relate to Quantum Entanglement can now be drawn up as follows:
Magnetic rings rotating in a clockwise or anti-clockwise direction around their magnetic core particle, are referred to as being in a spin-up or a spin-down state respectively.
Two core particles can only be attached together, when their magnetic rings are lying in the same plane and rotating in clockwise and anti-clockwise directions.
(A physical analogy of magnetic attraction and repulsion can be gained by visualising a pair of ‘inter-meshed cog wheels’, rotating in opposite or the same direction.)
Magnetic rings released from their magnetic core particle, rotate through space in a straight line direction of travel, tracing out a sinusoidal wave pattern.
The diameter of the magnetic ring determines the wavelength of the magnetic wave.
Magnetic waves contain the same amount of kinetic energy, regardless of their wavelength.
Magnetic waves have no physical mass, but can be considered as a particle of kinetic energy.
Magnetic waves can be captured by other particles of matter, but do so by reverting back to their initial ring structure, thereby retaining their quantum of kinetic energy.
These properties of magnetic rings provide the basis for explaining quantum entanglement.
For example, the proton and the electron attract to form the hydrogen atom by lining their magnetic rings up with each other in the same plane, with their spins rotating in opposite directions.
The reason why the atom always has an even number of protons and electrons in the Atomic Table of Elements, is because they are entangled together in pairs.
Their entangled core magnets are separated like the two foci of an ellipse, but with their circular magnetic ring touching together on their rims.
Their magnetic rings circling in opposite directions, clockwise and anti-clockwise, do so in the same plane at the speed of light.
If one of the core particles is flipped over, the other will flip too, thereby maintaining their magnetic attraction of their circling rings.
The timing of the action that flips over one of the two magnetic core particles, determines the interval between the other core particle flipping over.
If the particles of the two oppositely circulating rings are both at the outer ends of their circle, the event will happen at the speed of light, but if the two circulating rings are opposite each other at their mid-points, then the reacting flip of the other circling particle will be virtually instantaneous.
Although the two core particles of the entangled pair can be separated apart through any distance, their entangled rings do not lose any of their kinetic energy as they curl around in a continuous loop at the speed of light.
This apparently limitless separation of the two entangled core particles, is a property of magnetic field rings, as they never lose any kinetic energy as they rotate around their magnetic ring at the speed of light.
Although the transfer of binary information between two entangled particles is made at the speed of light, its ‘reaction time’ can never exceed it.
However, although Einstein’s proposal for the constant speed of light once again remains unchallenged, Maxwell’s concept of the photon as an alternating mix of electric and magnetic fields, is stripped of its electric field component, to be replaced by the simplified concept of a ‘magnetic wave’.
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