Naked Science Forum
On the Lighter Side => That CAN'T be true! => Topic started by: William McC on 05/09/2016 02:48:38
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Crystallization is a very good way to purify substances (as a chemist, I take advantage of this quite frequently!) With the exception of compounds that co-crystallize (in which case the crystal will have a very well-defined ratio of the components), almost all crystals are nearly pure substances. The crystal structure has little room for deviation from perfect repetition of its unit cell.
Essentially, you can think of it like so: as the crystal is growing, dissolved (or molten) molecules or ions bump into the side of the crystal. If they happen to fit just right, they will stick and be incorporated into the crystal, and if not, they will just bounce off and go back into solution (or melt). Even water molecules will most bounce off of the growing ice crystal--they have to hit at just the right angle and just the right position with just the right speed to stick, but non-water molecules or ions have no chance of being incorporated in the crystal. If the crystal forms too quickly, it can have defects, and potentially contain impurities, but if it is still crystalline, then it must be quite close to pure and perfect.
A corollary to this is that mixtures of substances are much harder to crystallize. This is essentially the reason behind why salt melts ice (salt+water is harder to freeze than pure water, and therefore salt+ice is easier to melt than pure ice). Ice will also melt very quickly if exposed to absolute alcohol (and will get very cold!) and vodka won't freeze until it gets below –25°C.
Hope this helps!
In most cases like potassium permanganate and copper sulfate the crystal formed from a solution of water and either substance creates the hydrous form or hydrous crystal. So you have to be careful when experimenting, because the crystal is not pure. The anhydrous form is more pure. Often we use the anhydrous form to create the solution. And end up with the hydrous crystal.
Years ago the hydrous potassium permanganate was sold as an oral treatment for radiation poisoning in local drug stores. The crystals are a pale lavender color, while the pure potassium permanganate is a deep dark almost black substance. You have to be careful with potassium permanganate it reacts with glycerin to create heat and flame, or violent explosion if contained in a high pressure container. Either the hydrate or the anhydrous. The anhydrous is much more powerful.
We used to buy it and use it in combination with glycerin to create time delay ignition devices, by separating the potassium permanganate from the glycerin with a few paper napkins that took time to pass the glycerin. I would not fool around with that method though for bomb making, using high pressure vessels. It is not reliable enough.
Sincerely,
William McCormick
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Years ago the hydrous potassium permanganate was sold as an oral treatment for radiation poisoning in local drug stores. The crystals are a pale lavender color, while the pure potassium permanganate is a deep dark almost black substance.
Potassium permanganate does not form a a stable hydrate.
No plausible hydrate would be a "pale lavender" since even a 1 % solution of the stuff is nearly black.
Potassium iodide is (occasionally) used in reducing the damage caused by exposure to radioisotopes of iodine (such as happened at TMI, Chernobyl or Fukushima).
In that case it's the iodide bit that's doing the work.
Lord knows what you were being sold.
One vague possibility is potassium perchlorate which will (IIRC) co-crystallise with permanganate. You might be able to get a lavender crystal that way.
It's far from clear why anyone would bother, though the fact that it wouldn't work wouldn't top people selling it.
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Years ago the hydrous potassium permanganate was sold as an oral treatment for radiation poisoning in local drug stores. The crystals are a pale lavender color, while the pure potassium permanganate is a deep dark almost black substance.
Potassium permanganate does not form a a stable hydrate.
No plausible hydrate would be a "pale lavender" since even a 1 % solution of the stuff is nearly black.
Potassium iodide is (occasionally) used in reducing the damage caused by exposure to radioisotopes of iodine (such as happened at TMI, Chernobyl or Fukushima).
In that case it's the iodide bit that's doing the work.
Lord knows what you were being sold.
One vague possibility is potassium perchlorate which will (IIRC) co-crystallise with permanganate. You might be able to get a lavender crystal that way.
It's far from clear why anyone would bother, though the fact that it wouldn't work wouldn't top people selling it.
It was pharmaceutical quality. It was lavender, some might say violet, and it was potassium permanganate hydrate. I used it to start fires with it. The very small container had "oral dose" written on the container. Everyone in my area used to know what it was and what it was for. I believe you were supposed to dissolve it before taking it. It was for severe radiation poisoning. I was also told that you cannot just dissolve potassium permanganate anhydrous in water and take it internally no matter the dose. I was told you have to use the hydrate crystals.
I also used to purchase the super pure anhydrous granular form of potassium permanganate from Mallincrodt , which was such a deep dark purple that it appeared almost black. It was a powerful oxidizer. Although the violet or lavender crystals would react with glycerin, it was nothing like the way glycerin reacted with the anhydrous potassium permanganate.
Just sharing what I know, you do not have to concur.
Sincerely,
William McCormick
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It was pharmaceutical quality. It was lavender, some might say violet, and it was potassium permanganate hydrate. I used it to start fires with it. The very small container had "oral dose" written on the container. Everyone in my area used to know what it was and what it was for. I believe you were supposed to dissolve it before taking it. It was for severe radiation poisoning. I was also told that you cannot just dissolve potassium permanganate anhydrous in water and take it internally no matter the dose. I was told you have to use the hydrate crystals.
I also used to purchase the super pure anhydrous granular form of potassium permanganate from Mallincrodt , which was such a deep dark purple that it appeared almost black. It was a powerful oxidizer. Although the violet or lavender crystals would react with glycerin, it was nothing like the way glycerin reacted with the anhydrous potassium permanganate.
Just sharing what I know, you do not have to concur.
Sincerely,
William McCormick
Well, thanks for that.
This bit "I was also told that you cannot just dissolve potassium permanganate anhydrous in water and take it internally no matter the dose. I was told you have to use the hydrate crystals. "
shows that it can't have been potassium permanganate.
Because you get the same solution if you dissolve the anhydrous form of a salt as you get if you dissolve the hydrate.
As I said, even 1% KMnO4 in water is nearly black.
How could you have a crystal that is solid yet that pale?
It's impossible.
Which is more plausible?
That the stuff you talk of exists, but doesn't get a mention anywhere on the web, doesn't make sense given the colour and breaks the laws of chemistry by not forming the same solution as the anhydrous form and there's no way it would help against radiation poisoning or you were misled / don't remember properly?
It's not me who doesn't concur with your assertion. It's reality that's doing that.
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Are you sure that you are not getting confused and were using iodine? There would be no benefit whatsoever of taking potassium to alleviate radiation exposure. In fact, that is likely to exacerbate the symptoms of radiation exposure, because your body is full of potassium (in your cells), and part of the sickness of acute radiation toxicity is the rupture of millions of cells and the spillover into the blood of a large burden of formerly intracellular potassium.
Iodine is the only sensible remedy against certain forms of radiation exposure, specifically radiation that involves radioactive iodine species. The rationale is that exogenous iodine will compete with the radioactive form to prevent or minimise uptake by the thyroid gland, where incorporation of radioactive iodine would injure the gland and possibly lead to cancer.
The only explosive I have think of that would involve iodine is nitrogen triiodide, which you make with ammonia and sodium hydroxide. It detonates on mild contact.
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Are you sure that you are not getting confused and were using iodine? There would be no benefit whatsoever of taking potassium to alleviate radiation exposure. In fact, that is likely to exacerbate the symptoms of radiation exposure, because your body is full of potassium (in your cells), and part of the sickness of acute radiation toxicity is the rupture of millions of cells and the spillover into the blood of a large burden of formerly intracellular potassium.
Iodine is the only sensible remedy against certain forms of radiation exposure, specifically radiation that involves radioactive iodine species. The rationale is that exogenous iodine will compete with the radioactive form to prevent or minimise uptake by the thyroid gland, where incorporation of radioactive iodine would injure the gland and possibly lead to cancer.
The only explosive I have think of that would involve iodine is nitrogen triiodide, which you make with ammonia and sodium hydroxide. It detonates on mild contact.
I thought the reaction on a strong solution of iodine, by ammonia, with subsequent crystallization created the substance ammonium tri-iodide. My brownish crystals had a greenish tint.
As far as potassium permanganate goes it is one of the most effective, anti fungal and anti bacterial materials available. If you get gastrointestinal radiation poisoning, potassium permanganate can keep the bacteria and fungus, in your stomach and intestines from killing you, because you might not have white blood cells to defend you.
Sincerely,
William McCormick
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It was pharmaceutical quality. It was lavender, some might say violet, and it was potassium permanganate hydrate. I used it to start fires with it. The very small container had "oral dose" written on the container. Everyone in my area used to know what it was and what it was for. I believe you were supposed to dissolve it before taking it. It was for severe radiation poisoning. I was also told that you cannot just dissolve potassium permanganate anhydrous in water and take it internally no matter the dose. I was told you have to use the hydrate crystals.
I also used to purchase the super pure anhydrous granular form of potassium permanganate from Mallincrodt , which was such a deep dark purple that it appeared almost black. It was a powerful oxidizer. Although the violet or lavender crystals would react with glycerin, it was nothing like the way glycerin reacted with the anhydrous potassium permanganate.
Just sharing what I know, you do not have to concur.
Sincerely,
William McCormick
Well, thanks for that.
This bit "I was also told that you cannot just dissolve potassium permanganate anhydrous in water and take it internally no matter the dose. I was told you have to use the hydrate crystals. "
shows that it can't have been potassium permanganate.
Because you get the same solution if you dissolve the anhydrous form of a salt as you get if you dissolve the hydrate.
As I said, even 1% KMnO4 in water is nearly black.
How could you have a crystal that is solid yet that pale?
It's impossible.
Which is more plausible?
That the stuff you talk of exists, but doesn't get a mention anywhere on the web, doesn't make sense given the colour and breaks the laws of chemistry by not forming the same solution as the anhydrous form and there's no way it would help against radiation poisoning or you were misled / don't remember properly?
It's not me who doesn't concur with your assertion. It's reality that's doing that.
Most or all chemicals when in solution are no longer the substance they were. It can be very difficult to get them back to their original formula. Sodium hydroxide the alkaline is actually Na2O, sodium hydroxide the hydrate is the formula you see commonly, NaOH. Now when you buy NaOH you have such a mixed bag of NA2O and NaOH that you have to test it to see how much of the actual alkaline is present. It all looks the same it even acts the same, but it can be different.
My point is that when they created the potassium permanganate hydrate crystal it changes the formula. Although it is still potassium permanganate in solution, it is in another form. I do not know if they used a vacuum pump to crystalize the potassium permanganate hydrate or not, or if they just did a hot and cold crystallization. But the crystals of pharmaceutical grade potassium permanganate were a lavender color, very beautiful to look at and were sold for radiation poisoning. I believe this method is done so that there is not actual potassium permanganate in solution, rather only potassium permanganate that has mixed completely with water, so that each potassium permanganate molecule is bonded to a water molecule, in perhaps an abundance of water, to insure no pure potassium permanganate is present. Then they may use a vacuum pump to crystalize the potassium permanganate.
I was told not to take the anhydrous pure form of potassium permanganate even in solution, and I with a limited understanding of chemistry will abide by that warning. I believe it can burn the esophagus and stomach in its pure form.
Sincerely,
William McCormick
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Most or all chemicals when in solution are no longer the substance they were. It can be very difficult to get them back to their original formula. Sodium hydroxide the alkaline is actually Na2O,
Since that's plainly wrong I stopped reading at that point.
Sodium hydroxide- the alkali- is NaOH. (Also please note the difference between the adjective alkaline and the noun alkali)
Na2O does exist- it's sodium oxide. And so it isn't a hydroxide.
It will react with water to give the hydroxide which is a totally different chemical.
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To answer the question in a word: no.
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Most or all chemicals when in solution are no longer the substance they were. It can be very difficult to get them back to their original formula. Sodium hydroxide the alkaline is actually Na2O,
Since that's plainly wrong I stopped reading at that point.
Sodium hydroxide- the alkali- is NaOH. (Also please note the difference between the adjective alkaline and the noun alkali)
Na2O does exist- it's sodium oxide. And so it isn't a hydroxide.
It will react with water to give the hydroxide which is a totally different chemical.
Sodium hydroxide (sodium hydrate) is NaOH. Sodium hydroxide the alkaline, contains the pure "alkali" Na2O. Na2O liberates OH when dissolved in water. Much like sodium. NaOH does not liberate OH unless you have contaminated water. Water that is contaminated by oil will cause sodium hydroxide to liberate OH. It can be very explosive in small quantities.
I have attached a reference that seems to agree somewhat.
Sincerely,
William McCormick
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Most or all chemicals when in solution are no longer the substance they were. It can be very difficult to get them back to their original formula. Sodium hydroxide the alkaline is actually Na2O,
Since that's plainly wrong I stopped reading at that point.
Sodium hydroxide- the alkali- is NaOH. (Also please note the difference between the adjective alkaline and the noun alkali)
Na2O does exist- it's sodium oxide. And so it isn't a hydroxide.
It will react with water to give the hydroxide which is a totally different chemical.
As I originally stated all chemicals in solution are something else. Lookup mixture and solution, they are two different terms with two different meanings. The term solution means two chemically changed substances, a solution is always a chemical reaction even if very weak and easily reversed.
People have been calling sodium oxide, which is just wetted sodium, sodium hydroxide as long as I can remember. I have called the white substance on my sodium metal, sodium oxide, however it really is sodium hydroxide at that point. If you get corroded sodium metal on your skin you will know it is sodium hydroxide.
Sodium hydroxide is the alkaline and sodium oxide is the alkali.
Sincerely,
William McCormick
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Most or all chemicals when in solution are no longer the substance they were. It can be very difficult to get them back to their original formula. Sodium hydroxide the alkaline is actually Na2O,
Since that's plainly wrong I stopped reading at that point.
Sodium hydroxide- the alkali- is NaOH. (Also please note the difference between the adjective alkaline and the noun alkali)
Na2O does exist- it's sodium oxide. And so it isn't a hydroxide.
It will react with water to give the hydroxide which is a totally different chemical.
Sodium oxide does exist and is the anhydrous form of sodium hydroxide which for what ever reason chemistry always calls either one of them sodium hydroxide. We should technically be calling sodium hydroxide, sodium hydrate or sodium oxide hydrate.
What I stated is true and most correct. Including the part about potassium permanganate hydrate, lavender crystals in solution, taken orally being a fix for gastrointestinal radiation poisoning. By reducing the need for white blood cells to defend your stomach and intestines after severe radiation exposure.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_oxide
I am curious why you move my stuff to other topics? It seems an odd policy when most of my data confirms what I am saying.
Sincerely,
William McCormick
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Sodium hydroxide (hydrate) is an "alkali salt" of sodium oxide. That destroys flesh especially when heated, like nothing else.
Sincerely,
William McCormick
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The problem is the definitions. Anhydrous although it is supposed to mean without water, is not necessarily without water. Anhydrous ammonia is not the same thing as pure ammoniacal gas for sure. In fact if you want pour some anhydrous ammonia on a large quantity of kiln dust and check out the gas created. It seems a bit more potent than anhydrous ammonia to me. Anhydrous can apparently mean not enough water to be a hydrate.
So the terms that we use to describe the alkali base metal sodium, the alkali sodium oxide, and the alkali salt Sodium Hydroxide which is an alkaline, all cross lines in my opinion. Then add mislabeling and company specific proportions and formulas and you get chaos.
And as I have stated sodium oxide is often referred to as sodium hydroxide. I have done it myself.
Sincerely,
William McCormick
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William,
I think you might be confusing anhydrous and anhydride. "Dehydration," or removal of water, can lead to either. The difference is that no covalent bonds need to be broken to form an anhydrous form (it is a mixture of whole water molecules, and another species that is unchanged by the dehydration), while an anhydride is produced by the cleavage of covalent bonds, releasing water (which hadn't existed in tact before the dehydration), and an entirely new molecule (or substance) that is the anhydride.
Copper sulfate can form beautiful blue crystals of the pentahydrate: CuSO4•5H2O (made up of an ionic lattice containing a Cu2+ ion, an SO42– ion, and 5 molecules of H2O). On strong heating, the water molecules evaporate out, leaving anhydrous copper sulfate: CuSO4
CuSO4•5H2O --> CuSO4 + 5H2O
In contrast, acetic acid (H3CCOOH) can be dehydrated under very forcing conditions to make water (H2O) and acetic anhydride (H3CCOOOCCH3):
2 H3CCOOH --> H2O + H3CCOOOCCH3
In the same sense, sodium oxide is the anhydride of sodium hydroxide:
2 NaOH --> H2O + Na2O
see the attached diagram.
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William,
I think you might be confusing anhydrous and anhydride. "Dehydration," or removal of water, can lead to either. The difference is that no covalent bonds need to be broken to form an anhydrous form (it is a mixture of whole water molecules, and another species that is unchanged by the dehydration), while an anhydride is produced by the cleavage of covalent bonds, releasing water (which hadn't existed in tact before the dehydration), and an entirely new molecule (or substance) that is the anhydride.
Copper sulfate can form beautiful blue crystals of the pentahydrate: CuSO4•5H2O (made up of an ionic lattice containing a Cu2+ ion, an SO42– ion, and 5 molecules of H2O). On strong heating, the water molecules evaporate out, leaving anhydrous copper sulfate: CuSO4
CuSO4•5H2O --> CuSO4 + 5H2O
In contrast, acetic acid (H3CCOOH) can be dehydrated under very forcing conditions to make water (H2O) and acetic anhydride (H3CCOOOCCH3):
2 H3CCOOH --> H2O + H3CCOOOCCH3
In the same sense, sodium oxide is the anhydride of sodium hydroxide:
2 NaOH --> H2O + Na2O
see the attached diagram.
As you add water to most of the chemicals above, you get different compounds at different ratios of water to original chemical. That should highlight that the perfect formula is just an indicator of one or some of the reactions taking place. By stating a certain reaction you are claiming some exact ratio, which you do not state. You state some perfect mathematical solution. Solid sodium hydroxide has free water present in it. The reason is it is partially crystalizing in that state. Even though it is very hungry for water, and the addition of a lot more water creates the products we use in industry clear lye.
All of these chemicals and reactions create different chemicals different compounds at different levels of hydration. In industry and in life so many times people think the pure product is more potent while in pure form. However it is the action and reactions created with the addition of water that cause the effect it was designed to cause. So by using enough water, a weakened watered down solution, the product actually works faster and more powerfully.
Lye is like that.
When you put a very watered down solution of lye on oxidized aluminum, the reaction and heat liberated is really amazing. It totally cleans and brightens the aluminum. However you need the excess water to create the reaction. These reactions are always misstated by chemistry. And because the reactions are too complex to actually and totally understand, by placing a formula or reaction upon them, they rule out the factory accidents that occur by the actual complex reactions that are actually taking place.
I do not agree with your explanation. I believe you are stating a memorized understanding.
Having worked with the EPA I saw that their college trained chemists did not understand chemistry. Because many plating companies had 8th grade chemists that could literally take what the EPA thought was dangerous hazardous waste, and turn it back into water that they would drink, and pure chemicals that they reused again. These plating companies had to pay for carting empty drums of waste that the EPA chemists thought was a byproduct of a certain reaction, even though the plating chemists could reclaim that material as they used it. These 8th grade chemists could plate up or down. By using a substance with a siamese bond and usually an oxide or chloride atom, they could plate that material up to or down to the element just above or just below. It was more of an art rather than a simple mathematical formula. However they did it everyday. If you look at plating tanks in the dark you will see they create light from the reaction taking place. It was explained to me that there was an atomic level reaction taking place. This was so true that some poor plating shops were creating radio active substances in their plating tanks from ordinary chemicals that are not radio active. So in some cases the EPA was right, and in all cases the 8th grade chemists that knew all of the above were correct
Sincerely,
William McCormick.
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William,
Everything you have posted shows that only one of us is a chemist; and it's not you.
So, for example you cite a proximate analysis result as evidence that Na2O is present in sodium hydroxide solution; it's not.
It's just that you don't understand what it does mean.
You talk about pouring anhydrous ammonia- well it needs to be a cold day before you can do that since ammonia is a gas which liquefies at about -33C
This
"Sodium oxide does exist and is the anhydrous form of sodium hydroxide which for what ever reason chemistry always calls either one of them sodium hydroxide. We should technically be calling sodium hydroxide, sodium hydrate or sodium oxide hydrate. "
I so muddled an wrong it's hard to know where to start.
Sodium hydroxide is made by a chemical reaction between water and sodium oxide.
That's not the same as hydration in the sense of a hydrated salt.
This bit
" chemistry always calls either one of them sodium hydroxide. "
simply is not true.
And this"We should technically be calling sodium hydroxide, sodium hydrate or sodium oxide hydrate. "" is nonsense since
sodium does technically form a hydrate- it lasts a very short time before decomposing to hydrogen and sodium hydroxide.
Nobody uses sodium hydrate except in very odd ESR experiments and such. You can't buy it.
Sodium oxide doe snot form a hydrarte because it reacts with water to form the hydroxide which is (lets be absolutely clear about this) not a hydrate of an oxide- because it does not contain any oxide ion.
you say "And as I have stated sodium oxide is often referred to as sodium hydroxide. I have done it myself. "
Well, it is not but you have and you were wrong.
Can you show me any case of sodium oxide being referred to as sodium hydroxide?
Meanwhile, back at the original question.
Since manganese compounds are acutely neurotoxic, if you used enough manganese to kill even a small fraction of the bacteria in a gut, you would kill the patient.
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William,
I think you might be confusing anhydrous and anhydride. "Dehydration," or removal of water, can lead to either. The difference is that no covalent bonds need to be broken to form an anhydrous form (it is a mixture of whole water molecules, and another species that is unchanged by the dehydration), while an anhydride is produced by the cleavage of covalent bonds, releasing water (which hadn't existed in tact before the dehydration), and an entirely new molecule (or substance) that is the anhydride.
Copper sulfate can form beautiful blue crystals of the pentahydrate: CuSO4•5H2O (made up of an ionic lattice containing a Cu2+ ion, an SO42– ion, and 5 molecules of H2O). On strong heating, the water molecules evaporate out, leaving anhydrous copper sulfate: CuSO4
CuSO4•5H2O --> CuSO4 + 5H2O
In contrast, acetic acid (H3CCOOH) can be dehydrated under very forcing conditions to make water (H2O) and acetic anhydride (H3CCOOOCCH3):
2 H3CCOOH --> H2O + H3CCOOOCCH3
In the same sense, sodium oxide is the anhydride of sodium hydroxide:
2 NaOH --> H2O + Na2O
see the attached diagram.
As you add water to most of the chemicals above, you get different compounds at different ratios of water to original chemical. That should highlight that the perfect formula is just an indicator of one or some of the reactions taking place. By stating a certain reaction you are claiming some exact ratio, which you do not state. You state some perfect mathematical solution. Solid sodium hydroxide has free water present in it. The reason is it is partially crystalizing in that state. Even though it is very hungry for water, and the addition of a lot more water creates the products we use in industry clear lye.
It is certain that actual chemical reactions are much more complicated than the simplified formulas and equations that are written out. But that doesn't mean that these formulas and equations are useless, and it is certainly not an excuse to be sloppy about definitions.
Please note that I did, in fact, include the ratios, which are meaningful.
All of these chemicals and reactions create different chemicals different compounds at different levels of hydration. In industry and in life so many times people think the pure product is more potent while in pure form. However it is the action and reactions created with the addition of water that cause the effect it was designed to cause. So by using enough water, a weakened watered down solution, the product actually works faster and more powerfully.
Lye is like that.
When you put a very watered down solution of lye on oxidized aluminum, the reaction and heat liberated is really amazing. It totally cleans and brightens the aluminum. However you need the excess water to create the reaction. These reactions are always misstated by chemistry. And because the reactions are too complex to actually and totally understand, by placing a formula or reaction upon them, they rule out the factory accidents that occur by the actual complex reactions that are actually taking place.
Congratulations, you understand that solvents play an important role in chemical reactions.
I do not agree with your explanation. I believe you are stating a memorized understanding.
Having worked with the EPA I saw that their college trained chemists did not understand chemistry. Because many plating companies had 8th grade chemists that could literally take what the EPA thought was dangerous hazardous waste, and turn it back into water that they would drink, and pure chemicals that they reused again. These plating companies had to pay for carting empty drums of waste that the EPA chemists thought was a byproduct of a certain reaction, even though the plating chemists could reclaim that material as they used it. These 8th grade chemists could plate up or down. By using a substance with a siamese bond and usually an oxide or chloride atom, they could plate that material up to or down to the element just above or just below. It was more of an art rather than a simple mathematical formula. However they did it everyday. If you look at plating tanks in the dark you will see they create light from the reaction taking place. It was explained to me that there was an atomic level reaction taking place. This was so true that some poor plating shops were creating radio active substances in their plating tanks from ordinary chemicals that are not radio active. So in some cases the EPA was right, and in all cases the 8th grade chemists that knew all of the above were correct
I guarantee that I have a full, working understanding of chemistry, and my education was not just memorizing introductory texts (and I believe that Bored chemist is well educated on the subject as well). In addition to having a college degree in chemistry, I spent 6 years earning a PhD, which involved over 16,000 hours spent working in the laboratory (using chemicals like Na2O and NaOH, so I have an intimate knowledge of the difference between the two), followed by two years of postdoctoral research (another 5000 hours of labwork), and now am a principle investigator (still doing chemistry).
You obviously have had some exposure to chemistry, but still maintain a very limited understanding of it. So please stop pretending to be a source of knowledge on the subject. In addition to being confused on the difference between molecules, substances, mixtures, and solutions, you also were apparently easily convinced that light emission was proof of the formation of radioactive substances from non-radioactive ones, when this is highly unlikely, and there are several other much more reasonable explanations.
I sincerely hope that you are not responsible for drafting or enforcing EPA regulations.
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. This was so true that some poor plating shops were creating radio active substances in their plating tanks from ordinary chemicals that are not radio active.
No , they were not
Which answeres this question you asked earlier.
"I am curious why you move my stuff to other topics? It seems an odd policy when most of my data confirms what I am saying. "
It's because nobody else's data confirms what you are saying.
So, for example, nobody else thinks you can make radioactive material in a plating tank- there are dull science reasons for this and you could try learning some science- rather than spouting tosh and then wondering why it's put in the dustbin section.
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William,
I think you might be confusing anhydrous and anhydride. "Dehydration," or removal of water, can lead to either. The difference is that no covalent bonds need to be broken to form an anhydrous form (it is a mixture of whole water molecules, and another species that is unchanged by the dehydration), while an anhydride is produced by the cleavage of covalent bonds, releasing water (which hadn't existed in tact before the dehydration), and an entirely new molecule (or substance) that is the anhydride.
Copper sulfate can form beautiful blue crystals of the pentahydrate: CuSO4•5H2O (made up of an ionic lattice containing a Cu2+ ion, an SO42– ion, and 5 molecules of H2O). On strong heating, the water molecules evaporate out, leaving anhydrous copper sulfate: CuSO4
CuSO4•5H2O --> CuSO4 + 5H2O
In contrast, acetic acid (H3CCOOH) can be dehydrated under very forcing conditions to make water (H2O) and acetic anhydride (H3CCOOOCCH3):
2 H3CCOOH --> H2O + H3CCOOOCCH3
In the same sense, sodium oxide is the anhydride of sodium hydroxide:
2 NaOH --> H2O + Na2O
see the attached diagram.
As you add water to most of the chemicals above, you get different compounds at different ratios of water to original chemical. That should highlight that the perfect formula is just an indicator of one or some of the reactions taking place. By stating a certain reaction you are claiming some exact ratio, which you do not state. You state some perfect mathematical solution. Solid sodium hydroxide has free water present in it. The reason is it is partially crystalizing in that state. Even though it is very hungry for water, and the addition of a lot more water creates the products we use in industry clear lye.
It is certain that actual chemical reactions are much more complicated than the simplified formulas and equations that are written out. But that doesn't mean that these formulas and equations are useless, and it is certainly not an excuse to be sloppy about definitions.
Please note that I did, in fact, include the ratios, which are meaningful.
All of these chemicals and reactions create different chemicals different compounds at different levels of hydration. In industry and in life so many times people think the pure product is more potent while in pure form. However it is the action and reactions created with the addition of water that cause the effect it was designed to cause. So by using enough water, a weakened watered down solution, the product actually works faster and more powerfully.
Lye is like that.
When you put a very watered down solution of lye on oxidized aluminum, the reaction and heat liberated is really amazing. It totally cleans and brightens the aluminum. However you need the excess water to create the reaction. These reactions are always misstated by chemistry. And because the reactions are too complex to actually and totally understand, by placing a formula or reaction upon them, they rule out the factory accidents that occur by the actual complex reactions that are actually taking place.
Congratulations, you understand that solvents play an important role in chemical reactions.
I do not agree with your explanation. I believe you are stating a memorized understanding.
Having worked with the EPA I saw that their college trained chemists did not understand chemistry. Because many plating companies had 8th grade chemists that could literally take what the EPA thought was dangerous hazardous waste, and turn it back into water that they would drink, and pure chemicals that they reused again. These plating companies had to pay for carting empty drums of waste that the EPA chemists thought was a byproduct of a certain reaction, even though the plating chemists could reclaim that material as they used it. These 8th grade chemists could plate up or down. By using a substance with a siamese bond and usually an oxide or chloride atom, they could plate that material up to or down to the element just above or just below. It was more of an art rather than a simple mathematical formula. However they did it everyday. If you look at plating tanks in the dark you will see they create light from the reaction taking place. It was explained to me that there was an atomic level reaction taking place. This was so true that some poor plating shops were creating radio active substances in their plating tanks from ordinary chemicals that are not radio active. So in some cases the EPA was right, and in all cases the 8th grade chemists that knew all of the above were correct
I guarantee that I have a full, working understanding of chemistry, and my education was not just memorizing introductory texts (and I believe that Bored chemist is well educated on the subject as well). In addition to having a college degree in chemistry, I spent 6 years earning a PhD, which involved over 16,000 hours spent working in the laboratory (using chemicals like Na2O and NaOH, so I have an intimate knowledge of the difference between the two), followed by two years of postdoctoral research (another 5000 hours of labwork), and now am a principle investigator (still doing chemistry).
You obviously have had some exposure to chemistry, but still maintain a very limited understanding of it. So please stop pretending to be a source of knowledge on the subject. In addition to being confused on the difference between molecules, substances, mixtures, and solutions, you also were apparently easily convinced that light emission was proof of the formation of radioactive substances from non-radioactive ones, when this is highly unlikely, and there are several other much more reasonable explanations.
I sincerely hope that you are not responsible for drafting or enforcing EPA regulations.
When you face the history of chemistry then I will consider your point of view as being valid. As it is you just cannot discuss the possibility of an alternate explanation without getting defensive. Do not get me wrong, when you live in a glass house and we all do, everyone is afraid of touching anything. We all know our stuff is in disarray.
I have stated thoroughly that I have a limited understanding of chemistry. Especially since they changed the formulas on substances that were in my chemistry lab. Everything from ammonia, sodium azide, ammonium nitrate, nitric acid, nitric oxide and a lot more, were taught to me differently than they are labeled now. The company that manufactured them was a pioneer in chemistry Mallinckrodt, try to find a sixties, seventies or early eighties bottle of Mallinckrodt ammonia. In my area every chemistry class had one. The formula was NO2 and it was called anhydrous because exposing it to air created a potent brown gas, and heat. It was very hungry for water. However it was stable enough that it only created a small amount of pressure that we had to relieve with the bottle upright before opening it. I would not consider it strong ammonium hydroxide this stuff was potent and in search of water unlike what we call ammonium hydroxide . However it was not pure ammonia. Pure ammonia under heat and pressure can slice an arm or leg off in under a second. So we used the reagent grade ammonia from Mallinckrodt to experiment with in the lab. It was understood it was not pure ammonia even though it was called anhydrous ammonia. In reactions it could yield pure ammonia.
To give you an idea of how crazy this subject is, I have had a doctor and an FBI agent that went to school in my area, pass out, as they recalled chemistry class and what we were taught the formula for ammonia was. I warned the FBI agent after the doctor went down, but he dared me to explain it to him, and down he went. His partner said to shut up. I realized later that many people in my area remembered the formula for ammonia as NO2 and when I told them that it is now NH3 some went down and out. Some passed out when they realized they remembered it both ways which is just a form of crazy.
You have to understand on my Island we were at the cutting edge of everything, there was no doubt that human life was secondary to the promotion of counterintelligence in all fields of science. We were basically told to pack up knowledge put it away, or throw it away, because this civilization will be ending.
All the rules of chemistry have a place. However they do not work all the time. Especially when our chemicals are mislabeled.
As far as potassium permanganate being a neurotic, where do you get this stuff from?
It has been used in drinking water, it is used as a radioactive decontamination of the skin, it is an absorbent in military gas masks or was. It was as I stated sold by pharmacists, in oral dose form for radiation poisoning.
Potassium with a radio active catalyst will yield argon when subjected to an ARC.
When we were kids we had calcium carbide canons for fun. We knew that you can use acetylene or naphtha to create massive detonations nearing the strength of atomic weapons or toping them depending on volume. The volume of the usually hemispherical core of the explosion is too great to dissipate through the limited surface area of the hemispherical core or spherical core. Causing near atomic detonation when accidents occur, and atomic detonation when experts detonate them. Yet chemists often claim that calcium carbide is only mildly dangerous. And acetylene only a flammable gas. It has been the cause of lab accidents many times over the years. Yet it is always a surprise to the chemist. The recent explosion in China which I have been warning people about for years and years, was not only foreseen it was just a matter of time before it happened. Why? Because chemists deny reality from my own personal interaction with them. The army used to train a ten man team to go into a country and use industrial and farm supplies to create weapons of mass destruction right in the country. In case our country had been the target of a first strike nuclear war. At least we could even the playing field. Acetylene can be used to create explosions much more powerful than Hiroshima. Yet many people will often mindlessly use it because the chemist does not face it.
Sincerely,
William McCormick
-
When you face the history of chemistry then I will consider your point of view as being valid. As it is you just cannot discuss the possibility of an alternate explanation without getting defensive. Do not get me wrong, when you live in a glass house and we all do, everyone is afraid of touching anything. We all know our stuff is in disarray.
There is no point discussing alternatives when the current reality is firmly established. You know, back in *my* day, gravity used to pull up. It's only in recent convention that it pulls down. That's why we all used to have hooks on our shoes... The whole point of science is to challenge the status quo, and broaden our understanding of reality, but we will get no where if we cannot trust what has been established before us (then every generation would always be asking the same question)
I have stated thoroughly that I have a limited understanding of chemistry. Especially since they changed the formulas on substances that were in my chemistry lab. Everything from ammonia, sodium azide, ammonium nitrate, nitric acid, nitric oxide and a lot more, were taught to me differently than they are labeled now. The company that manufactured them was a pioneer in chemistry Mallinckrodt, try to find a sixties, seventies or early eighties bottle of Mallinckrodt ammonia. In my area every chemistry class had one. The formula was NO2 and it was called anhydrous because exposing it to air created a potent brown gas, and heat. It was very hungry for water. However it was stable enough that it only created a small amount of pressure that we had to relieve with the bottle upright before opening it. I would not consider it strong ammonium hydroxide this stuff was potent and in search of water unlike what we call ammonium hydroxide . However it was not pure ammonia. Pure ammonia under heat and pressure can slice an arm or leg off in under a second. So we used the reagent grade ammonia from Mallinckrodt to experiment with in the lab. It was understood it was not pure ammonia even though it was called anhydrous ammonia. In reactions it could yield pure ammonia.
To give you an idea of how crazy this subject is, I have had a doctor and an FBI agent that went to school in my area, pass out, as they recalled chemistry class and what we were taught the formula for ammonia was. I warned the FBI agent after the doctor went down, but he dared me to explain it to him, and down he went. His partner said to shut up. I realized later that many people in my area remembered the formula for ammonia as NO2 and when I told them that it is now NH3 some went down and out. Some passed out when they realized they remembered it both ways which is just a form of crazy.
I am quite familiar with Mallinckrodt. And I have studied the history of chemistry. Ammonia used to be called ammonaic, but it has always been used to refer to the same compound, which was proven to be NH3. The older professors in my department have been doing chemistry since the 50s, and have no recollection of this change in nomenclature between ammonia and nitric oxide. You are obviously confused or trolling.
When we were kids we had calcium carbide canons for fun. We knew that you can use acetylene or naphtha to create massive detonations nearing the strength of atomic weapons or toping them depending on volume. The volume of the usually hemispherical core of the explosion is too great to dissipate through the limited surface area of the hemispherical core or spherical core. Causing near atomic detonation when accidents occur, and atomic detonation when experts detonate them. Yet chemists often claim that calcium carbide is only mildly dangerous. And acetylene only a flammable gas. It has been the cause of lab accidents many times over the years. Yet it is always a surprise to the chemist. The recent explosion in China which I have been warning people about for years and years, was not only foreseen it was just a matter of time before it happened. Why? Because chemists deny reality from my own personal interaction with them. The army used to train a ten man team to go into a country and use industrial and farm supplies to create weapons of mass destruction right in the country. In case our country had been the target of a first strike nuclear war. At least we could even the playing field. Acetylene can be used to create explosions much more powerful than Hiroshima. Yet many people will often mindlessly use it because the chemist does not face it.
Hate to break it to you, but kids these days still make carbide cannons, and they are just as powerful as they used to be. And, no it's no where close to an "atomic detonation." Detonation? yes. Atomic? no. You're off by several orders of magnitude in terms of energy density.
Perhaps you are suffering from Alzheimer's, which has clouded you memory and reasoning. Maybe you have always been confused. I don't know. However, your insistence to cling to such fiction leads me to believe that further discussion will not be fruitful.
You are welcome to contribute to this forum, but be warned that if you post such nonsensical chemical explanations in any section other than "New Theories" or "That CAN'T be True", your posts will quickly be moved there.
Good day.
-
"When you face the history of chemistry then I will consider your point of view as being valid."
Not a problem then.
I initially learned chemistry from my dad's old textbooks- and those were printed on tatty paper because there was a war on. So, my understanding of chemistry goes back a decade or two before your magic bottles from Mallinckrodt with the wrong formulae on them.
The formula of ammonia was well established (and had to be so) before Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch invented the process for making it.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haber_process
So there's absolutely no way that the bottle could have been labelled as NO2 except by a gross mistake.
This
"Everything from ammonia, sodium azide, ammonium nitrate, nitric acid, nitric oxide and a lot more, were taught to me differently than they are labeled now." just does not make sense.
You say " The company that manufactured them was a pioneer in chemistry Mallinckrodt, try to find a sixties, seventies or early eighties bottle of Mallinckrodt ammonia. In my area every chemistry class had one. The formula was NO2 and it was called anhydrous because exposing it to air created a potent brown gas, and heat.."
Well, ammonia just does not do that.
On the other hand nitric oxide does- but nitric oxide is a gas so there's no way you would keep it in a bottle.
But a bottle of conc nitric acid will generate small amounts of nitric oxide- enough to make brown fumes in air.
So it looks to me as if you are muddling stuff up.
" Pure ammonia under heat and pressure can slice an arm or leg off in under a second. "
True- so can water or air.
So what?
"To give you an idea of how crazy this subject is, I have had a doctor and an FBI agent that went to school in my area, pass out, as they recalled chemistry class and what we were taught the formula for ammonia was. I warned the FBI agent after the doctor went down, but he dared me to explain it to him, and down he went. His partner said to shut up. I realized later that many people in my area remembered the formula for ammonia as NO2 and when I told them that it is now NH3 some went down and out. Some passed out when they realized they remembered it both ways which is just a form of crazy. "
That's either poor memory or poor teaching.
"You have to understand on my Island we were at the cutting edge of everything"
no you were not.
"As far as potassium permanganate being a neurotic, where do you get this stuff from?
"
I said it was neurotoxic- please learn the difference.
Anyway, it's a well documented property of the stuff, and it has been for near 200 years.- so much for the idea that you were at the cutting edge.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganism
"It has been used in drinking water"
Yes- it has. You add permanganate to impure water. The impurities get oxidised - which tends to kill bugs- and the manganese in the permanganate is reduced to MnO2 which you filter off before you send the water on to the pipes.
You don't have significant quantities of manganese left in the water. (On an emergency basis you can just about get away without filtering it. But it's risky. Boiling the water would be a better bet.)
" it is an absorbent in military gas masks or was."
Yes, it is- but they don't expect you to eat the gas mask. The air gets passed over the KMnO4 and the impurities in it get "burned". But the Mn never leaves the gas mask's filter.
Why did you think that was relevant?
" It was as I stated sold by pharmacists, in oral dose form for radiation poisoning. "
Possibly- but if it was then that was fraud.
"Potassium with a radio active catalyst will yield argon when subjected to an ARC. "
No it will not (and I have a feeling that you lost that argument before somewhere on this site)
"We knew that you can use acetylene or naphtha to create massive detonations nearing the strength of atomic weapons or toping them depending on volume. "
No it will not
"Yet chemists often claim that calcium carbide is only mildly dangerous. And acetylene only a flammable gas."
It's well documented that acetylene is explosive. No competent chemist would say otherwise.
"Acetylene can be used to create explosions much more powerful than Hiroshima."
Hypothetically- if you got enough of it.
The same is true of petrol
Are you aware that all this stuff you are posting makes you sound like Grandpa Simpson?
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"When you face the history of chemistry then I will consider your point of view as being valid."
Not a problem then.
I initially learned chemistry from my dad's old textbooks- and those were printed on tatty paper because there was a war on. So, my understanding of chemistry goes back a decade or two before your magic bottles from Mallinckrodt with the wrong formulae on them.
The formula of ammonia was well established (and had to be so) before Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch invented the process for making it.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haber_process
So there's absolutely no way that the bottle could have been labelled as NO2 except by a gross mistake.
This
"Everything from ammonia, sodium azide, ammonium nitrate, nitric acid, nitric oxide and a lot more, were taught to me differently than they are labeled now." just does not make sense.
You say " The company that manufactured them was a pioneer in chemistry Mallinckrodt, try to find a sixties, seventies or early eighties bottle of Mallinckrodt ammonia. In my area every chemistry class had one. The formula was NO2 and it was called anhydrous because exposing it to air created a potent brown gas, and heat.."
Well, ammonia just does not do that.
On the other hand nitric oxide does- but nitric oxide is a gas so there's no way you would keep it in a bottle.
But a bottle of conc nitric acid will generate small amounts of nitric oxide- enough to make brown fumes in air.
So it looks to me as if you are muddling stuff up.
" Pure ammonia under heat and pressure can slice an arm or leg off in under a second. "
True- so can water or air.
So what?
"To give you an idea of how crazy this subject is, I have had a doctor and an FBI agent that went to school in my area, pass out, as they recalled chemistry class and what we were taught the formula for ammonia was. I warned the FBI agent after the doctor went down, but he dared me to explain it to him, and down he went. His partner said to shut up. I realized later that many people in my area remembered the formula for ammonia as NO2 and when I told them that it is now NH3 some went down and out. Some passed out when they realized they remembered it both ways which is just a form of crazy. "
That's either poor memory or poor teaching.
"You have to understand on my Island we were at the cutting edge of everything"
no you were not.
"As far as potassium permanganate being a neurotic, where do you get this stuff from?
"
I said it was neurotoxic- please learn the difference.
Anyway, it's a well documented property of the stuff, and it has been for near 200 years.- so much for the idea that you were at the cutting edge.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganism
"It has been used in drinking water"
Yes- it has. You add permanganate to impure water. The impurities get oxidised - which tends to kill bugs- and the manganese in the permanganate is reduced to MnO2 which you filter off before you send the water on to the pipes.
You don't have significant quantities of manganese left in the water. (On an emergency basis you can just about get away without filtering it. But it's risky. Boiling the water would be a better bet.)
" it is an absorbent in military gas masks or was."
Yes, it is- but they don't expect you to eat the gas mask. The air gets passed over the KMnO4 and the impurities in it get "burned". But the Mn never leaves the gas mask's filter.
Why did you think that was relevant?
" It was as I stated sold by pharmacists, in oral dose form for radiation poisoning. "
Possibly- but if it was then that was fraud.
"Potassium with a radio active catalyst will yield argon when subjected to an ARC. "
No it will not (and I have a feeling that you lost that argument before somewhere on this site)
"We knew that you can use acetylene or naphtha to create massive detonations nearing the strength of atomic weapons or toping them depending on volume. "
No it will not
"Yet chemists often claim that calcium carbide is only mildly dangerous. And acetylene only a flammable gas."
It's well documented that acetylene is explosive. No competent chemist would say otherwise.
"Acetylene can be used to create explosions much more powerful than Hiroshima."
Hypothetically- if you got enough of it.
The same is true of petrol
Are you aware that all this stuff you are posting makes you sound like Grandpa Simpson?
I do not know Grandpa Simpson, so I cannot say. However you did not comment on potassium permanganate being used as a method of decontamination for radioactive contamination of the skin. I am fighting a knowledge blackout, you on the other hand are just quoting common sources. That always omit the history of the chemistry or chemical compound.
The fact that solid sodium hydroxide contains free water as well as sodium oxide tells me that it is not a stable compound we are looking at. It is a transitioning mix and partial crystallization. According to your definitions.
I ordered some potassium permanganate and I will see if I can produce some lavender crystals of potassium permanganate using controlled temperature and a vacuum pump. I imagine the oral does must have been very small to create a lavender crystal.
As far as our area being on the cutting edge, we looked at the Apollo missions much like a person jumping the Grand Canyon on a motorcycle. When things like planes and helicopters exist. Our government told us flat out, that technology and science has been cancelled for the duration. During the Apollo missions we had a small craft that could streak to the moon in four hours. It was built by the same people that built the Lunar module. The thought of a payload getting to our capital to wipe out known disingenuous sorts in seconds was a bit too much for them.
You are bouncing around a bit, we know that air burns if hot enough, usually because it is separated to its individual atoms, that then recombine and or re-burned which releases heat. During the building of some early submarine launched rockets that used a ram jet to burn air, a motor being tested went out of control, when fuel was cut to shut it down. The motor continued to run and actually positively accelerated until its destruction. Killing a man. Although it was cool that you could just create a Venturi basically and compress and burn air, it was too dangerous a system to rely upon. Sudden over pressure from the detonation of ordinance on the ground could shut down or blow up the motor. This was in the fifties, and it was not the best we had then. So yea we knew things that others to this day by way of the "laws" of conservation claim could not have existed.
My point is the Habor process is a fusion reaction. That works much like a ramjet.
http://www.rockwelder.com/military/Rigel.htm
If you have looked at taxation you know that it cannot help a country or produce wealth for a country. Scientifically, mathematically taxes do nothing for a country except circulate money so it can be kept clean by burning and reprinting it. A one penny on the dollar tax would circulate the entire amount of money in circulation. Taxation and lack of printing, or releasing money is how a government regulates a country. Taxes do nothing good and limit the power of the individual. If you take a few minutes to demonstrate money changing hands in your country, as my founding fathers did. When my founding fathers tried to tie money to gold, they realized they were being duped by idiots. Poverty is an abomination created by idiots, and taxation is their weapon of mass destruction. Unfortunately all the sciences are now under the control of this group. People who claim otherwise just do not want to rock the boat.
Sincerely,
William McCormick
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I believe the ramjet that detonated air, started to create high voltage from the pressure differential created by the Venturi, that in turn created a plasma that expanded the air violently. Whether you would technically call a plasma a burn, I cannot say. However it sure looks like it.
I have electrically created plasma in pure nitrogen, and oxygen. Both react rather violently. They expand and form a white plasma.
Sincerely,
William McCormick
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" However you did not comment on potassium permanganate being used as a method of decontamination for radioactive contamination of the skin."
Would you like me to?
OK
potassium is radioactive.
It would border on madness to use it to seek to remove radioactivity.
Also, permanganate is rather corrosive to skin (Not to mention staining it brown/ black).
It's possible that they might once have used it.
So what?
That does not mean that it works.
It certainly does not mean that it forms a pale hydrate.
"I am fighting a knowledge blackout, you on the other hand are just quoting common sources. "
It is unfortunate that your knowledge has blacked out.
However the reason I'm citing common sources is that they are easy to cite.
What I am actually relying on is a vast experience of chemistry. I have been playing this game professionally for 28 years: I studied it at Oxford for 4 years before that and at school for many years before that- as I said- starting at home with my dad's old text books.
So, what I cite here isn't really the point.
When I point out that you must be wrong about a pale permanganate- because permanganates are not pale, it is simple logic.
"That always omit the history of the chemistry or chemical compound. "
Chemicals do not remember history.
What you are purporting to claim is that "way back" we somehow knew more chemistry than we do now.
How is that possible?
If the old books don't agree with the new observations, guess which one is wrong?
You have this
"The fact that solid sodium hydroxide contains free water as well as sodium oxide tells me that it is not a stable compound we are looking at." completely the wrong way round
It is a stable compound and it does not contain the oxide.
You are misunderstanding a proximate analysis in that old book you cited.
So when you say "It is a transitioning mix and partial crystallization. According to your definitions. ", again, you are completely wrong.
Sodium hydroxide is a single chemical compound; it is not a hydrate of the oxide.
"I ordered some potassium permanganate and I will see if I can produce some lavender crystals of potassium permanganate using controlled temperature and a vacuum pump. I imagine the oral does must have been very small to create a lavender crystal. "
Have fun.
You will of course fail.
that's because it's impossible.
If it was something that pharmacists did in order to make some preparation then it would be written down.
I'd be able to find it on line- so would you.
I'd be able to find it in my old pharmacopoeias. I have paper copies because I collect that sort of data.
It's not there.
If this stuff was some sort of patent medicine then (the hint is in the name) there would be a patent.
The best reason for it to only be in your head is that you dreamed it.
And, once you start introducing stuff about
"we know that air burns if hot enough"
(It does not)
"usually because it is separated to its individual atoms"
(No it isn't.)
"early submarine launched rockets"
"So yea we knew things that others to this day by way of the "laws" of conservation claim could not have existed. " (Those conservation laws are mathematically proven to be true)
"This was in the fifties,"
"My point is the Habor process is a fusion reaction"
"That works much like a ramjet"
"if you have looked at taxation ..."
"I believe the ramjet that detonated air, started to create high voltage from the pressure differential created by the Venturi, that in turn created a plasma that expanded the air violently. "
"I have electrically created plasma in pure nitrogen, and oxygen. Both react rather violently. "
and other such ramblings, you look like Grandpa Simpson.
because it's got nothing to do with permanganates.
-
" However you did not comment on potassium permanganate being used as a method of decontamination for radioactive contamination of the skin."
Would you like me to?
OK
potassium is radioactive.
It would border on madness to use it to seek to remove radioactivity.
Also, permanganate is rather corrosive to skin (Not to mention staining it brown/ black).
It's possible that they might once have used it.
So what?
That does not mean that it works.
It certainly does not mean that it forms a pale hydrate.
"I am fighting a knowledge blackout, you on the other hand are just quoting common sources. "
It is unfortunate that your knowledge has blacked out.
However the reason I'm citing common sources is that they are easy to cite.
What I am actually relying on is a vast experience of chemistry. I have been playing this game professionally for 28 years: I studied it at Oxford for 4 years before that and at school for many years before that- as I said- starting at home with my dad's old text books.
So, what I cite here isn't really the point.
When I point out that you must be wrong about a pale permanganate- because permanganates are not pale, it is simple logic.
"That always omit the history of the chemistry or chemical compound. "
Chemicals do not remember history.
What you are purporting to claim is that "way back" we somehow knew more chemistry than we do now.
How is that possible?
If the old books don't agree with the new observations, guess which one is wrong?
You have this
"The fact that solid sodium hydroxide contains free water as well as sodium oxide tells me that it is not a stable compound we are looking at." completely the wrong way round
It is a stable compound and it does not contain the oxide.
You are misunderstanding a proximate analysis in that old book you cited.
So when you say "It is a transitioning mix and partial crystallization. According to your definitions. ", again, you are completely wrong.
Sodium hydroxide is a single chemical compound; it is not a hydrate of the oxide.
"I ordered some potassium permanganate and I will see if I can produce some lavender crystals of potassium permanganate using controlled temperature and a vacuum pump. I imagine the oral does must have been very small to create a lavender crystal. "
Have fun.
You will of course fail.
that's because it's impossible.
If it was something that pharmacists did in order to make some preparation then it would be written down.
I'd be able to find it on line- so would you.
I'd be able to find it in my old pharmacopoeias. I have paper copies because I collect that sort of data.
It's not there.
If this stuff was some sort of patent medicine then (the hint is in the name) there would be a patent.
The best reason for it to only be in your head is that you dreamed it.
And, once you start introducing stuff about
"we know that air burns if hot enough"
(It does not)
"usually because it is separated to its individual atoms"
(No it isn't.)
"early submarine launched rockets"
"So yea we knew things that others to this day by way of the "laws" of conservation claim could not have existed. " (Those conservation laws are mathematically proven to be true)
"This was in the fifties,"
"My point is the Habor process is a fusion reaction"
"That works much like a ramjet"
"if you have looked at taxation ..."
"I believe the ramjet that detonated air, started to create high voltage from the pressure differential created by the Venturi, that in turn created a plasma that expanded the air violently. "
"I have electrically created plasma in pure nitrogen, and oxygen. Both react rather violently. "
and other such ramblings, you look like Grandpa Simpson.
because it's got nothing to do with permanganates.
If you believe that there is no perpetual motion, explain how a liquid filled planet like earth could spin. It takes a massive amount of horse power to spin a molten mass the size of earths molten core. For a proof spin a raw chicken egg and a hard boiled chicken egg on a hard flat surface. Note the way that the raw egg refuses to spin like the hard boiled egg.
Originally in school once real science was put away they had claimed that the earth spun because it was in a vacuum of space. Now not so much, because they figured out the volute pattern the molten liquid must follow and the friction that pattern creates. That is when they started saying the sun will burn out so that they could claim it was using up matter to exist and create energy. Throw in a bunch of imaginary sub-matter particles and you have the chaos we live in.
The infrastructures of our cities are failing, and there are not many up to the challenges of repairing much less planning new ones. New buildings go up today and the work and rework never stops on them. They all suffer from shortcomings and poor engineering. I am supposed to believe that you have somehow kept chemistry pure and pristine in all of this?
Here in my country they put it right on the table. They said they will use our military to destroy our homes if we continued to display real science.
Most people were told something about this threat but rather than to side with rebellious sorts, they sided with the government. It was less scary. That is the real world.
My uncle a Navy officer took me to West Point to see the duplicate of the bomb dropped on Hiroshima, it weighed 886 pounds. He had heard that the display was being disassembled and in fact they were planing to remove it the next day. It was a couple hour trip and he wanted his children and me to see it before it was gone. That same bomb made it to public television after the secrecy act made all records public in the U.S.. It showed women making the bombs in shower caps. Pretty funny if you think about it. The bomb is initiated by a 25 pound spherical ammonium nitrate charge, in a thin metal wall container, that has many high voltage initiating blasting caps, aimed at the center of the core. Each set of wires length from the blasting cap, is cut exactly like every other, or there would be a mistiming. The sphere is suspended by chain and grounding cables, in a heavy wall bomb casing that was filled with oil. The spherical ammonium nitrate core when detonated reached 35,000 degrees Fahrenheit, separating the oil that does not shatter like a solid bomb casing would, into pure hydrogen. That is a lot of hydrogen to be freeing up at once. The oil does not allow a breach of the high pressure. The bonds of the oil are actually strengthened as the core expands. Because the oil is moving across the face of the sphere, it does not break and allow the pressure within out, this violent movement of the oil also creates friction and heat. At this time ammonium nitrate was NO5 in my area in my school.
Years ago race shops filmed crankshafts through plexiglass oil pans. At around 10,000 rpm motor oil would stick to the crank and defy centrifuge forces. Above 15,000 rpm the engine would detonate with unexplained violence. The solution was a simple piece of metal called an oil scrapper that is installed on all race engines to not only increase horse power by removing the stuck oil, but to also protect the driver and spectators.
http://www.rockwelder.com/history/Hiroshima/Hiroshima.html
For me I know what took place I lived it. Most in my position would have hung up. I am different. Haha. I knew Roy Grumman personally and I can assure you there are only a few men on the planet at any given time that can actually face reality. Roy was one of them.
These little bits and pieces of history are getting scarce. Below is the whole article.
http://www.rockwelder.com/explosives/Halfton.pdf
I am sure chemistry is in disarray.
Sincerely,
William McCormick
-
" However you did not comment on potassium permanganate being used as a method of decontamination for radioactive contamination of the skin."
Would you like me to?
OK
potassium is radioactive.
It would border on madness to use it to seek to remove radioactivity.
Also, permanganate is rather corrosive to skin (Not to mention staining it brown/ black).
It's possible that they might once have used it.
So what?
That does not mean that it works.
It certainly does not mean that it forms a pale hydrate.
"I am fighting a knowledge blackout, you on the other hand are just quoting common sources. "
It is unfortunate that your knowledge has blacked out.
However the reason I'm citing common sources is that they are easy to cite.
What I am actually relying on is a vast experience of chemistry. I have been playing this game professionally for 28 years: I studied it at Oxford for 4 years before that and at school for many years before that- as I said- starting at home with my dad's old text books.
So, what I cite here isn't really the point.
When I point out that you must be wrong about a pale permanganate- because permanganates are not pale, it is simple logic.
"That always omit the history of the chemistry or chemical compound. "
Chemicals do not remember history.
What you are purporting to claim is that "way back" we somehow knew more chemistry than we do now.
How is that possible?
If the old books don't agree with the new observations, guess which one is wrong?
You have this
"The fact that solid sodium hydroxide contains free water as well as sodium oxide tells me that it is not a stable compound we are looking at." completely the wrong way round
It is a stable compound and it does not contain the oxide.
You are misunderstanding a proximate analysis in that old book you cited.
So when you say "It is a transitioning mix and partial crystallization. According to your definitions. ", again, you are completely wrong.
Sodium hydroxide is a single chemical compound; it is not a hydrate of the oxide.
"I ordered some potassium permanganate and I will see if I can produce some lavender crystals of potassium permanganate using controlled temperature and a vacuum pump. I imagine the oral does must have been very small to create a lavender crystal. "
Have fun.
You will of course fail.
that's because it's impossible.
If it was something that pharmacists did in order to make some preparation then it would be written down.
I'd be able to find it on line- so would you.
I'd be able to find it in my old pharmacopoeias. I have paper copies because I collect that sort of data.
It's not there.
If this stuff was some sort of patent medicine then (the hint is in the name) there would be a patent.
The best reason for it to only be in your head is that you dreamed it.
And, once you start introducing stuff about
"we know that air burns if hot enough"
(It does not)
"usually because it is separated to its individual atoms"
(No it isn't.)
"early submarine launched rockets"
"So yea we knew things that others to this day by way of the "laws" of conservation claim could not have existed. " (Those conservation laws are mathematically proven to be true)
"This was in the fifties,"
"My point is the Habor process is a fusion reaction"
"That works much like a ramjet"
"if you have looked at taxation ..."
"I believe the ramjet that detonated air, started to create high voltage from the pressure differential created by the Venturi, that in turn created a plasma that expanded the air violently. "
"I have electrically created plasma in pure nitrogen, and oxygen. Both react rather violently. "
and other such ramblings, you look like Grandpa Simpson.
because it's got nothing to do with permanganates.
Consider that potassium is potassium and if it is radioactive then it has picked up a radio active element and is not pure. This is what World War Two was about. Germany had warned that if we keep polluting the world with radioactive substances all our chemicals will be tainted.
There is no such thing as potassium-40 what you have is a radioactive element mixed in with the potassium. I would bet that centrifuge could remove such contamination.
Sincerely,
William McCormick
-
This is a link about potassium permanganate from my government.
http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/plantox/detail.cfm?id=11866
I was not aware it could cancel out alcohol in the stomach. But then again it is from the government, haha.
Sincerely,
William McCormick
-
OK, it's going to be a long list of wrongness if I correct all of that so I will just get a few of teh more eye-catching ones
"If you believe that there is no perpetual motion, explain how a liquid filled planet like earth could spin. It takes a massive amount of horse power to spin a molten mass the size of earths molten core. For a proof spin a raw chicken egg and a hard boiled chicken egg on a hard flat surface. Note the way that the raw egg refuses to spin like the hard boiled egg. "
Try it in zero gravity- like the Earth is.
The forces acing on the egg arise from a number of effects, but teh competition between bits of the egg trying to sink and bits trying to spin is one of the issues.
Also, you are ignoring the frictional forces that occur between the egg and the table or whatever.
Those have no counterpart in the case of a planet.
"Throw in a bunch of imaginary sub-matter particles and you have the chaos we live in. "
So 'imaginary' that you can see them.
http://video.mit.edu/watch/cloud-chamber-4058/
"Here in my country they put it right on the table. They said they will use our military to destroy our homes if we continued to display real science. "
I presume that you have no evidence of that.
"There is no such thing as potassium-40 what you have is a radioactive element mixed in with the potassium. I would bet that centrifuge could remove such contamination. "
Nope, but a mass spectroscope can be used to prove that the stuff with a mass of 40 is the radioactive bit.
You could try it easily enough- all you need is some "lo salt", a centrifuge, and a Geiger counter.
Of course, if a centrifuge is a problem (and I can see it would be awkward) why not just show that the radioactivity drops when you recrystallise the stuff.
Let me know how that goes.
-
OK, it's going to be a long list of wrongness if I correct all of that so I will just get a few of teh more eye-catching ones
"If you believe that there is no perpetual motion, explain how a liquid filled planet like earth could spin. It takes a massive amount of horse power to spin a molten mass the size of earths molten core. For a proof spin a raw chicken egg and a hard boiled chicken egg on a hard flat surface. Note the way that the raw egg refuses to spin like the hard boiled egg. "
Try it in zero gravity- like the Earth is.
The forces acing on the egg arise from a number of effects, but teh competition between bits of the egg trying to sink and bits trying to spin is one of the issues.
Also, you are ignoring the frictional forces that occur between the egg and the table or whatever.
Those have no counterpart in the case of a planet.
"Throw in a bunch of imaginary sub-matter particles and you have the chaos we live in. "
So 'imaginary' that you can see them.
http://video.mit.edu/watch/cloud-chamber-4058/
"Here in my country they put it right on the table. They said they will use our military to destroy our homes if we continued to display real science. "
I presume that you have no evidence of that.
"There is no such thing as potassium-40 what you have is a radioactive element mixed in with the potassium. I would bet that centrifuge could remove such contamination. "
Nope, but a mass spectroscope can be used to prove that the stuff with a mass of 40 is the radioactive bit.
You could try it easily enough- all you need is some "lo salt", a centrifuge, and a Geiger counter.
Of course, if a centrifuge is a problem (and I can see it would be awkward) why not just show that the radioactivity drops when you recrystallise the stuff.
Let me know how that goes.
The two nearly identical chicken eggs one raw, one hard boiled, both laid on a hard flat surface, and then spun on the same surface rule out the surface as a variable. If you actually do the experiment you will see that the liquid filled or gelatin filled raw egg does not spin willingly. While the solid hard boiled egg spins like a top. The soft boiled egg when you attempt to spin it stops itself.
The reason is that in order to spin it, a volute pattern is developed within the raw egg. The pattern is actually nearing the thickness of the atoms that make up the raw egg. Each layer in the volute pattern must rub against the next layer underlying it. This creates friction. This is what stops the egg. The countertop is not a variable we need to explain away to prove the above.
Sincerely,
William McCormick
-
OK, it's going to be a long list of wrongness if I correct all of that so I will just get a few of teh more eye-catching ones
"If you believe that there is no perpetual motion, explain how a liquid filled planet like earth could spin. It takes a massive amount of horse power to spin a molten mass the size of earths molten core. For a proof spin a raw chicken egg and a hard boiled chicken egg on a hard flat surface. Note the way that the raw egg refuses to spin like the hard boiled egg. "
Try it in zero gravity- like the Earth is.
The forces acing on the egg arise from a number of effects, but teh competition between bits of the egg trying to sink and bits trying to spin is one of the issues.
Also, you are ignoring the frictional forces that occur between the egg and the table or whatever.
Those have no counterpart in the case of a planet.
"Throw in a bunch of imaginary sub-matter particles and you have the chaos we live in. "
So 'imaginary' that you can see them.
http://video.mit.edu/watch/cloud-chamber-4058/
"Here in my country they put it right on the table. They said they will use our military to destroy our homes if we continued to display real science. "
I presume that you have no evidence of that.
"There is no such thing as potassium-40 what you have is a radioactive element mixed in with the potassium. I would bet that centrifuge could remove such contamination. "
Nope, but a mass spectroscope can be used to prove that the stuff with a mass of 40 is the radioactive bit.
You could try it easily enough- all you need is some "lo salt", a centrifuge, and a Geiger counter.
Of course, if a centrifuge is a problem (and I can see it would be awkward) why not just show that the radioactivity drops when you recrystallise the stuff.
Let me know how that goes.
What you are seeing there in the cloud chamber are not single particles in my opinion. More than likely you are watching, the effect some unknown amount of particles had on atoms in the chamber. In any case the simplicity of understanding that it takes a lot of particles to effect an atom enough to create light, is something they understood a long time ago. The science community conceded a long time ago that the universe does not permit us to see a sub-matter particle, ever. It is just the scale and the actual workings of the universe that make this notion impossible. Real scientists moved on years ago. Crazy people in my opinion pursue the dream. As some that do not understand time think time changes in one frame as opposed to another.
Time is only the observation of moving objects in the universe, compared to other moving objects in the universe. Time is relative to the observer. So if one person lived on a planet that spun faster, and they did all the things that needed to be done in a day in less time, than a person living on a slower rotating planet. After a while the guy on the faster planet would be moving faster. The guy on the faster planet might age more because he is working harder doing more work in the same amount of time. But only because his days are shorter. Time if measured against a third relatively unchanging clock would only show that each of the two planets days are of different length.
Sincerely,
William McCormick
-
The major difference between the Earth and your spinning egg-zample is that the Earth is *already* spinning.
Sure, it's harder to get a raw egg to start spinning that to get a boiled egg to start spinning. But once you've gotten them spinning, it's also harder to *stop* the raw egg from spinning (for the exact same reason!)
-
What you are seeing there in the cloud chamber are not single particles in my opinion. More than likely you are watching, the effect some unknown amount of particles had on atoms in the chamber. In any case the simplicity of understanding that it takes a lot of particles to effect an atom enough to create light, is something they understood a long time ago. The science community conceded a long time ago that the universe does not permit us to see a sub-matter particle, ever. It is just the scale and the actual workings of the universe that make this notion impossible. Real scientists moved on years ago. Crazy people in my opinion pursue the dream. As some that do not understand time think time changes in one frame as opposed to another.
Then your opinion does not align with observations. Cloud chambers are excellent ways of visualizing subatomic particles. It was never established that subatomic particles cannot be seen, because people SAW them before they knew what they were...
Time is only the observation of moving objects in the universe, compared to other moving objects in the universe. Time is relative to the observer. So if one person lived on a planet that spun faster, and they did all the things that needed to be done in a day in less time, than a person living on a slower rotating planet. After a while the guy on the faster planet would be moving faster. The guy on the faster planet might age more because he is working harder doing more work in the same amount of time. But only because his days are shorter. Time if measured against a third relatively unchanging clock would only show that each of the two planets days are of different length.
You must be TheBox's teacher. The rotation of the planet has very little to do with the perceived time at the surface of the planet (and certainly not in the way you suggest). Yes, time is relative, but not in such a cartoonish way.
Now, having chimed in with this info, I must accept defeat. It is likely that you will never have a grasp of chemistry or physics, so I will stop responding to your posts, as hard as it may be...
-
The major difference between the Earth and your spinning egg-zample is that the Earth is *already* spinning.
Sure, it's harder to get a raw egg to start spinning that to get a boiled egg to start spinning. But once you've gotten them spinning, it's also harder to *stop* the raw egg from spinning (for the exact same reason!)
You obviously have not done the experiment. This is a must do experiment.
The surface of our molten core under the equator of our planet is moving at the speed of some hand gun rounds once fired. Yet the center of the core, must rotate only once in 24 hours. This creates a volute patterned swirl within the magma. It causes massive friction continuously.
The core never "gets going" it always wants to stop. Sure with any object in motion, it wishes to stay in motion and for a short time with power removed a certain continued movement will be sustained. However to spin a liquid filled container requires constant horse power above that of a container filled with a solid, of the same proportions and weight. Both will wish to come to rest however the liquid container has atomic brakes. Which you can demonstrate if you have the courage to spin a raw egg and hard boiled egg on a hard flat surface.
Sincerely,
William McCormick
-
Then your opinion does not align with observations. Cloud chambers are excellent ways of visualizing subatomic particles. It was never established that subatomic particles cannot be seen, because people SAW them before they knew what they were...
Your observation skills are askew. I saw no particle whatsoever at any time in the cloud chamber. If you looked up in the sky and saw a white streak of a cloud like trail would you assume that a plane made it without seeing the plane. You may be correct however sometimes those trails are created naturally, or by meteorite. Not having seen the plane could you identify what type of plane it was or that it was a plane? I think not.
Since we can never see the unseen plane, or the particle in our case of our cloud chamber we would be making massive assumptions about what created the streak. True scientists years ago had proven beyond a shadow of a doubt that we will never see a single particle or even a single atom ever. It is just the way the universe is made up. Sorry. The government loves that scientists attention is on such nonsense. It keeps them out of the failing countries infrastructure and sciences. True science is the only enemy lying disingenuous rulers have.
Look at a bolt of lightning according to your observational rules, that could be created by a plane too.
Sincerely,
William McCormick
-
The two nearly identical chicken eggs one raw, one hard boiled, both laid on a hard flat surface, and then spun on the same surface rule out the surface as a variable. If you actually do the experiment you will see that the liquid filled or gelatin filled raw egg does not spin willingly. While the solid hard boiled egg spins like a top. The soft boiled egg when you attempt to spin it stops itself.
The reason is that in order to spin it, a volute pattern is developed within the raw egg. The pattern is actually nearing the thickness of the atoms that make up the raw egg. Each layer in the volute pattern must rub against the next layer underlying it. This creates friction. This is what stops the egg. The countertop is not a variable we need to explain away to prove the above.
Sincerely,
William McCormick
The conservation of angular momentum is unusual in physics in that it has been proven to be true.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noether%27s_theorem
There's no way it's wrong- so you must be.
The counter-top is important because that's what the angular momentum is transferred to. There isn't an equivalent in the case of the spinning Earth.
"The science community conceded a long time ago that the universe does not permit us to see a sub-matter particle, ever. "
and yet we do.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinthariscope
and the scientific community knows it. Why don't you?
-
The two nearly identical chicken eggs one raw, one hard boiled, both laid on a hard flat surface, and then spun on the same surface rule out the surface as a variable. If you actually do the experiment you will see that the liquid filled or gelatin filled raw egg does not spin willingly. While the solid hard boiled egg spins like a top. The soft boiled egg when you attempt to spin it stops itself.
The reason is that in order to spin it, a volute pattern is developed within the raw egg. The pattern is actually nearing the thickness of the atoms that make up the raw egg. Each layer in the volute pattern must rub against the next layer underlying it. This creates friction. This is what stops the egg. The countertop is not a variable we need to explain away to prove the above.
Sincerely,
William McCormick
The conservation of angular momentum is unusual in physics in that it has been proven to be true.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noether%27s_theorem
There's no way it's wrong- so you must be.
The counter-top is important because that's what the angular momentum is transferred to. There isn't an equivalent in the case of the spinning Earth.
"The science community conceded a long time ago that the universe does not permit us to see a sub-matter particle, ever. "
and yet we do.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinthariscope
and the scientific community knows it. Why don't you?
Once again we never see a particle. We see some effect. Look at lightning, perhaps that is the effect of one particle too according to your think on it.
As far as spinning a high viscosity liquid it requires horsepower, constant horsepower, whether it is in space or whether it is on your countertop at home. What you posted has nothing to do with the subject we are talking about. If you are claiming that gravity causes this effect, only upon the liquid and not the solid that is another theory that I have never heard of nor do I see any possibility of its existence.
Both the eggs at the same temperature, both eggs made of similar substances, spinning on the same surface, should spin exactly the same. However if you actually perform this experiment as I have many times you will see that there is a frictional force, created against the rotational movement of a high viscosity liquid. It is so substantial that it is almost unbelievable as you try to spin the raw egg. While the hard boiled egg spins like a quality top. I will post a video of it later.
Sincerely,
William McCormick
-
It used to be common knowledge taught in grade school that a liquid because it is not solid, can never transfer the force created against its outer most surface to its inner most volume. It just can never happen. There is always going to be slip, and slip means friction. Constant friction for all eternity. I will admit when my aunt showed me this little raw and boiled egg trick some forty years ago, I was impressed.
I am attempting a video now and I was looking for some other ways to show the effect of a liquids internal slip over a longer time period, so that I could measure perhaps the extra milliamps necessary to turn the raw egg by electric motor compared to the boiled egg. This would take away the countertop from the equation, the experiment as well.
Sincerely,
William McCormick
-
www.youtube.com/watch?v=GoVldYP9uo8
This is a short video of the two eggs being spun. Demonstrating the forces of centrifuge action, on individual un-fixed particles of liquid being rotated around an axis. They attempt to maintain a tangent path to the axis. This requires energy for lack of a better term.
www.youtube.com/watch?v=GoVldYP9uo8
Sincerely,
William McCormick
-
Did anyone download the short video of the spinning eggs? More importantly did anyone actually try it for themselves?
You have got to feel the force impeding the raw eggs movement. It is similar to a fan belt that is not properly tightened and slipping slightly. It will often cause a motor designed for the task to overheat, draw too much current, or in the case of single phase motors never disengage the start winding.
Sincerely,
William McCormick
-
Nobody is disputing what happens when you spin an egg.
So providing a video will not change anything.
Why are you proposing to waste time and bandwidth on it?
Angular momentum is a conserved quantity.
-
Nobody is disputing what happens when you spin an egg.
So providing a video will not change anything.
Why are you proposing to waste time and bandwidth on it?
Angular momentum is a conserved quantity.
The great force required to spin a high viscosity liquid is real. It does not matter if it is floating or on a countertop. Each individual particle in a liquid is trying to continue in a tangent path to the axis. Unlike a solid object where the particles are trapped in one location within the solid objects geometry.
The particles in a liquid are moved randomly when a liquid mass is rotated, within the geometry they are contained, causing friction. If you can dispute that then perhaps I am wrong. The "energy" of rotating a liquid is converted to heat, rather than a spinning movement. So although no energy is lost, if you wish a liquid body to spin you must continue applying force, or it will stop spinning and making heat. These are laws Newton understood. Unless you freeze a liquid, rotating it will cause mixing, and mixing causes friction, so to conserve the energy lost to friction, one must apply continued power to a liquid to make it spin.
Sincerely,
William McCormick
-
"The great force required to spin a high viscosity liquid is real"
Not really
Why do you keep saying stuff that's not true?
-
"The great force required to spin a high viscosity liquid is real"
Not really
Why do you keep saying stuff that's not true?
I cannot get your movie, it displays a black screen. I tried it on multiple platforms and still nothing. That is why I post the address to my videos.
Try rotating liquid in a container. There is friction generated within the fluid that does not move like a solid does, as a single object. Liquid swirls. As soon as you rotate a liquid mass, there is internal friction generated. No one can say anything differently and not be a fool. As soon as friction is generated there is a loss of energy between the energy applied to rotate the liquid and the heat generated. Newton had proven this.
Sincerely,
William McCormick
-
"The great force required to spin a high viscosity liquid is real"
Not really
Why do you keep saying stuff that's not true?
I looked at the information in the webpage and I believe I found the movie about glass blowing that you meant to post.
Molten glass is not necessarily melted fluid glass. Glass that comes out of a large molten liquid vat is melted glass. Glass blowing uses a form of glass that is in transition, some areas are more liquid or fluid like than others. However the glass used for glass blowing is not melted liquid glass. Molten liquid glass pours almost like chocolate milk.
The core of the earth is molten liquid magma. It is fluid deep in the earth and it becomes a semi fluid material upon cooling near the surface.
Why are you playing word games when challenged with science questions and scientific information? While claiming I am somehow being disingenuous. Before I get to insulting people I make sure my science is spot on.
Sincerely,
William McCormick
-
" However you did not comment on potassium permanganate being used as a method of decontamination for radioactive contamination of the skin."
Would you like me to?
OK
potassium is radioactive.
It would border on madness to use it to seek to remove radioactivity.
Also, permanganate is rather corrosive to skin (Not to mention staining it brown/ black).
It's possible that they might once have used it.
So what?
That does not mean that it works.
It certainly does not mean that it forms a pale hydrate.
"I am fighting a knowledge blackout, you on the other hand are just quoting common sources. "
It is unfortunate that your knowledge has blacked out.
However the reason I'm citing common sources is that they are easy to cite.
What I am actually relying on is a vast experience of chemistry. I have been playing this game professionally for 28 years: I studied it at Oxford for 4 years before that and at school for many years before that- as I said- starting at home with my dad's old text books.
So, what I cite here isn't really the point.
When I point out that you must be wrong about a pale permanganate- because permanganates are not pale, it is simple logic.
"That always omit the history of the chemistry or chemical compound. "
Chemicals do not remember history.
What you are purporting to claim is that "way back" we somehow knew more chemistry than we do now.
How is that possible?
If the old books don't agree with the new observations, guess which one is wrong?
You have this
"The fact that solid sodium hydroxide contains free water as well as sodium oxide tells me that it is not a stable compound we are looking at." completely the wrong way round
It is a stable compound and it does not contain the oxide.
You are misunderstanding a proximate analysis in that old book you cited.
So when you say "It is a transitioning mix and partial crystallization. According to your definitions. ", again, you are completely wrong.
Sodium hydroxide is a single chemical compound; it is not a hydrate of the oxide.
"I ordered some potassium permanganate and I will see if I can produce some lavender crystals of potassium permanganate using controlled temperature and a vacuum pump. I imagine the oral does must have been very small to create a lavender crystal. "
Have fun.
You will of course fail.
that's because it's impossible.
If it was something that pharmacists did in order to make some preparation then it would be written down.
I'd be able to find it on line- so would you.
I'd be able to find it in my old pharmacopoeias. I have paper copies because I collect that sort of data.
It's not there.
If this stuff was some sort of patent medicine then (the hint is in the name) there would be a patent.
The best reason for it to only be in your head is that you dreamed it.
And, once you start introducing stuff about
"we know that air burns if hot enough"
(It does not)
"usually because it is separated to its individual atoms"
(No it isn't.)
"early submarine launched rockets"
"So yea we knew things that others to this day by way of the "laws" of conservation claim could not have existed. " (Those conservation laws are mathematically proven to be true)
"This was in the fifties,"
"My point is the Habor process is a fusion reaction"
"That works much like a ramjet"
"if you have looked at taxation ..."
"I believe the ramjet that detonated air, started to create high voltage from the pressure differential created by the Venturi, that in turn created a plasma that expanded the air violently. "
"I have electrically created plasma in pure nitrogen, and oxygen. Both react rather violently. "
and other such ramblings, you look like Grandpa Simpson.
because it's got nothing to do with permanganates.
I received very pure potassium permanganate the other day. It is not at all radio active. Dry Green Tea from Japan is outputting many times the radiation of potassium permanganate.
It turns out the lavender solution does not stain the skin or anything else for that matter. And it works extremely effectively at disinfecting the skin. Even deep infections soaked for a few minutes in a lavender solution of potassium permanganate totally cures the infection. An infection that iodine could not stop. The solution turns brown when it is pretty well used up. However the skin is unchanged. It will not even stain cloth if rinsed out of the cloth.
Only a few specs of the black potassium permanganate powder which is almost invisible on a white background will create a quart of lavender solution. It is extremely potent.
Sincerely,
William McCormick
-
"Molten glass is not necessarily melted fluid glass."
Nor is egg white.
Molten glass is a lot more similar to the molten rock of the Earth's core.
"Newton had proven this."
Citation please.
Incidentally, you rather miss the point that, sitting here on Earth, I don't see the Earth's core rotating.
"Before I get to insulting people I make sure my science is spot on. "
Your science is practically non-existent in this case.
You claimed that "The great force required to spin a high viscosity liquid is real"
I posted a link (sorry this site corrupted it) to a you tube video of someone who was spinning a liquid with no great force.
That proves you are wrong.
No "word games" just evidential proof of the falsity of your assertion.
"I received very pure potassium permanganate the other day. It is not at all radio active. "
Then it is either a very unusual (and insanely expensive) isotopically enriched product, or it's not potassium permanganate.
However I suspect that the real problem is that you don't understand how to make a proper measurement of radioactivity.
Potassium is mainly a beta emitter.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium-40
Those same beta particles are easily blocked so, if you have the potassium in the presence of a relatively high atomic number element like manganese, the manganese will block a lot of the radiation.
If, on the other hand, you have some tea leaves then (1) there will be other radioisotopes emoting radiation and (2) there will be a lot less "heavy" elements blocking that radiation.
How did you calibrate for self-absorption in the measurements you made?
Or did you not understand enough about the subject to realise that you needed to make that correction?
(That is, of course, part of getting the science "spot on".)
"It turns out the lavender solution does not stain the skin or anything else for that matter."
Really? Did you try running it slowly through a filter paper?
"And it works extremely effectively at disinfecting the skin. "
Is that "spot on" science where you actually did the experiment- or did you make it up?
You seem to have forgotten that I already acknowledged that it kills bugs- so that's not worth further discussion as such, but I'd like to know how you quantified it.
Ditto "Even deep infections soaked for a few minutes in a lavender solution of potassium permanganate totally cures the infection. An infection that iodine could not stop. The solution turns brown when it is pretty well used up. "
Got any evidence?
Could it be that the very dilute solution did nothing, but, unlike iodine, it didn't damage the tissue so the body's immune system could take out the infection?
Where are the clinical trial data?
That's pretty much the minimum for "spot on" science, surely?
And finally, you seem to be trying to make my point for me.
You say "Only a few specs of the black potassium permanganate powder which is almost invisible on a white background will create a quart of lavender solution. It is extremely potent. "
and yes, I agree.
It only takes traces of permanganate to make a material lavender coloured. I pointed that out while back - I said that even a 1% solution is very dark.
And yet you were originally claiming that this tiny trace was enough to bind the water together to make a crystal.
Had you forgotten that the thread was about that absurd claim of yours.
You know that anything more than a trace of permanganate will make the mixture very dark- yet you say that even less than that will hold it together as a crystal.
Is that another bit of "spot on" scientific reasoning?
-
"Molten glass is not necessarily melted fluid glass."
Nor is egg white.
Molten glass is a lot more similar to the molten rock of the Earth's core.
"Newton had proven this."
Citation please.
Incidentally, you rather miss the point that, sitting here on Earth, I don't see the Earth's core rotating.
"Before I get to insulting people I make sure my science is spot on. "
Your science is practically non-existent in this case.
You claimed that "The great force required to spin a high viscosity liquid is real"
I posted a link (sorry this site corrupted it) to a you tube video of someone who was spinning a liquid with no great force.
That proves you are wrong.
No "word games" just evidential proof of the falsity of your assertion.
"I received very pure potassium permanganate the other day. It is not at all radio active. "
Then it is either a very unusual (and insanely expensive) isotopically enriched product, or it's not potassium permanganate.
However I suspect that the real problem is that you don't understand how to make a proper measurement of radioactivity.
Potassium is mainly a beta emitter.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium-40
Those same beta particles are easily blocked so, if you have the potassium in the presence of a relatively high atomic number element like manganese, the manganese will block a lot of the radiation.
If, on the other hand, you have some tea leaves then (1) there will be other radioisotopes emoting radiation and (2) there will be a lot less "heavy" elements blocking that radiation.
How did you calibrate for self-absorption in the measurements you made?
Or did you not understand enough about the subject to realise that you needed to make that correction?
(That is, of course, part of getting the science "spot on".)
"It turns out the lavender solution does not stain the skin or anything else for that matter."
Really? Did you try running it slowly through a filter paper?
"And it works extremely effectively at disinfecting the skin. "
Is that "spot on" science where you actually did the experiment- or did you make it up?
You seem to have forgotten that I already acknowledged that it kills bugs- so that's not worth further discussion as such, but I'd like to know how you quantified it.
Ditto "Even deep infections soaked for a few minutes in a lavender solution of potassium permanganate totally cures the infection. An infection that iodine could not stop. The solution turns brown when it is pretty well used up. "
Got any evidence?
Could it be that the very dilute solution did nothing, but, unlike iodine, it didn't damage the tissue so the body's immune system could take out the infection?
Where are the clinical trial data?
That's pretty much the minimum for "spot on" science, surely?
And finally, you seem to be trying to make my point for me.
You say "Only a few specs of the black potassium permanganate powder which is almost invisible on a white background will create a quart of lavender solution. It is extremely potent. "
and yes, I agree.
It only takes traces of permanganate to make a material lavender coloured. I pointed that out while back - I said that even a 1% solution is very dark.
And yet you were originally claiming that this tiny trace was enough to bind the water together to make a crystal.
Had you forgotten that the thread was about that absurd claim of yours.
You know that anything more than a trace of permanganate will make the mixture very dark- yet you say that even less than that will hold it together as a crystal.
Is that another bit of "spot on" scientific reasoning?
Newtons claim is that energy is neither created or destroyed, just altered. That means perpetual motion.
What that also means is that ambient radiation is altered to create an effect, however no energy is lost because the particles are quickly brought back to full potential, near full velocity. However the effect is created, and in some other area an effect cannot be created while the first effect is taking place. So although we can create effects, nothing is ever consumed or lost.
So if the melted rock in the earths core, is moving around flowing ebbing it is creating friction. That friction the heat, needs to be accounted for. The magnum is melted rock not a semi-solid.
Liquids when moved create friction no way around it. They used to sell a soup machine that used the friction of moving the soup rapidly through compressing type gears to heat a cup of soup, in 20 seconds faster than microwave. But it turned all the veggies into mush.
I just started using my potassium permanganate and I can assure you it so powerful that it must be seen to be believed. The lavender fluid turns brown after you soak flesh in it, mine, in a few minutes time, remarkable stuff really. I will try to make a video of me mixing some, the amounts of potassium permanganate are so infinitesimally small and the batch so large that as I say you must see it to believe it. I was impressed by the amount it produced. I will make a video.
With the water around 60 degrees, even a lavender solution can be witnessed having trouble absorbing more potassium permanganate. I would think dropping the temperature to 40 degrees Fahrenheit, waters most dense state, would be where crystallization would occur.
Sincerely,
William McCormick
-
"Molten glass is not necessarily melted fluid glass."
Nor is egg white.
Molten glass is a lot more similar to the molten rock of the Earth's core.
"Newton had proven this."
Citation please.
Incidentally, you rather miss the point that, sitting here on Earth, I don't see the Earth's core rotating.
"Before I get to insulting people I make sure my science is spot on. "
Your science is practically non-existent in this case.
You claimed that "The great force required to spin a high viscosity liquid is real"
I posted a link (sorry this site corrupted it) to a you tube video of someone who was spinning a liquid with no great force.
That proves you are wrong.
No "word games" just evidential proof of the falsity of your assertion.
"I received very pure potassium permanganate the other day. It is not at all radio active. "
Then it is either a very unusual (and insanely expensive) isotopically enriched product, or it's not potassium permanganate.
However I suspect that the real problem is that you don't understand how to make a proper measurement of radioactivity.
Potassium is mainly a beta emitter.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium-40
Those same beta particles are easily blocked so, if you have the potassium in the presence of a relatively high atomic number element like manganese, the manganese will block a lot of the radiation.
If, on the other hand, you have some tea leaves then (1) there will be other radioisotopes emoting radiation and (2) there will be a lot less "heavy" elements blocking that radiation.
How did you calibrate for self-absorption in the measurements you made?
Or did you not understand enough about the subject to realise that you needed to make that correction?
(That is, of course, part of getting the science "spot on".)
"It turns out the lavender solution does not stain the skin or anything else for that matter."
Really? Did you try running it slowly through a filter paper?
"And it works extremely effectively at disinfecting the skin. "
Is that "spot on" science where you actually did the experiment- or did you make it up?
You seem to have forgotten that I already acknowledged that it kills bugs- so that's not worth further discussion as such, but I'd like to know how you quantified it.
Ditto "Even deep infections soaked for a few minutes in a lavender solution of potassium permanganate totally cures the infection. An infection that iodine could not stop. The solution turns brown when it is pretty well used up. "
Got any evidence?
Could it be that the very dilute solution did nothing, but, unlike iodine, it didn't damage the tissue so the body's immune system could take out the infection?
Where are the clinical trial data?
That's pretty much the minimum for "spot on" science, surely?
And finally, you seem to be trying to make my point for me.
You say "Only a few specs of the black potassium permanganate powder which is almost invisible on a white background will create a quart of lavender solution. It is extremely potent. "
and yes, I agree.
It only takes traces of permanganate to make a material lavender coloured. I pointed that out while back - I said that even a 1% solution is very dark.
And yet you were originally claiming that this tiny trace was enough to bind the water together to make a crystal.
Had you forgotten that the thread was about that absurd claim of yours.
You know that anything more than a trace of permanganate will make the mixture very dark- yet you say that even less than that will hold it together as a crystal.
Is that another bit of "spot on" scientific reasoning?
As far as the manganese blocking the potassium I do not concur. I have thoriated tungsten rods that are ten times more radio active than my radioactive green tea. So lets not get too crazy here. My thorium tungsten welding rods can penetrate a half inch of lead, to create a reading on the geiger counter. So I guess I just bought the best darn potassium permanganate 99.97 percent pure. It is dead on my Geiger counter.
Sincerely
William McCormick
-
Thorium mostly decays by releasing alpha particles, which have very poor penetrating power. There is also some degree of decay releasing gamma radiation (from 228Th), which is very penetrating. If you do not understand the difference between beta (which is what potassium does) and gamma radiation, you shouldn't have access thoriated anything!
-
Thorium mostly decays by releasing alpha particles, which have very poor penetrating power. There is also some degree of decay releasing gamma radiation (from 228Th), which is very penetrating. If you do not understand the difference between beta (which is what potassium does) and gamma radiation, you shouldn't have access thoriated anything!
Let me get this straight now, my thoriated tungsten welding rods, that are bought commonly at the local weld shops all over the U.S., that are listed as alpha omitter's, are now outputting constant beta and gamma radiation? The thorium that is joined with the very heavy Tungsten element in a 2:98 ratio. But the manganese is absorbing the more powerful beta radiation of the potassium? I think we should get our stories straight before we put all this on a science forum.
Are you saying if I cover a thoriated tungsten rod that registers on my Geiger Counter, with potassium permanganate that I will not be able to read it?
What is so funny is that I have been warning welders for many years that thorium is rather radio active. Their chemists claim I am paranoid and that, the level of radiation is minimal and not a health hazard. Haha. I have noted that with age, oxidation, the radiation increases. Also if you use them without proper noble gas coverage they can create a room full of radiation. Noble gas welding cylinders when almost empty often output other elements than pure noble gases. Which as I was mentioning in another topic that was closed, could kill. What I stated, I have done, so I know that who ever moderated that thread is not about the science or living but rather wants to play legal eagle.
Look at anything grown in South America the soil is highly radio active. Brazil nuts will register on a geiger counter. I have not tried a banana from South America though.
Sincerely,
William McCormick
-
OK, for a start, you seem to now accept that Newton didn't say this" As soon as you rotate a liquid mass, there is internal friction generated. No one can say anything differently and not be a fool. As soon as friction is generated there is a loss of energy between the energy applied to rotate the liquid and the heat generated. "
as you claimed earlier.
There's a problem with "Newtons claim is that energy is neither created or destroyed, just altered. "
Newton didn't have a clear definition or understanding of energy so he couldn't have made that statement.
"I just started using my potassium permanganate and I can assure you it so powerful that it must be seen to be believed. The lavender fluid turns brown after you soak flesh in it, mine, in a few minutes time, remarkable stuff really. "
Of course I believe it;I told you it would do that. You are the one who was saying it didn't.
Do you remember saying "It turns out the lavender solution does not stain the skin or anything else for that matter."?
I see that ChiralSPO has tried to explain basic radioactivity to you and all you could come up with was a straw man.
So I will have another go.
The gamma rays from thorium are much more penetrating than the beta particles from potassium.
That's why they go through lead.
It is, therefore, unsurprising that they go through tungsten.
It's also utterly irrelevant.
-
Thorium mostly decays by releasing alpha particles, which have very poor penetrating power. There is also some degree of decay releasing gamma radiation (from 228Th), which is very penetrating. If you do not understand the difference between beta (which is what potassium does) and gamma radiation, you shouldn't have access thoriated anything!
Let me get this straight now, my thoriated tungsten welding rods, that are bought commonly at the local weld shops all over the U.S., that are listed as alpha omitter's, are now outputting constant beta and gamma radiation? The thorium that is joined with the very heavy Tungsten element in a 2:98 ratio. But the manganese is absorbing the more powerful beta radiation of the potassium? I think we should get our stories straight before we put all this on a science forum.
Are you saying if I cover a thoriated tungsten rod that registers on my Geiger Counter, with potassium permanganate that I will not be able to read it?
What is so funny is that I have been warning welders for many years that thorium is rather radio active. Their chemists claim I am paranoid and that, the level of radiation is minimal and not a health hazard. Haha. I have noted that with age, oxidation, the radiation increases. Also if you use them without proper noble gas coverage they can create a room full of radiation. Noble gas welding cylinders when almost empty often output other elements than pure noble gases. Which as I was mentioning in another topic that was closed, could kill. What I stated, I have done, so I know that who ever moderated that thread is not about the science or living but rather wants to play legal eagle.
Look at anything grown in South America the soil is highly radio active. Brazil nuts will register on a geiger counter. I have not tried a banana from South America though.
Sincerely,
William McCormick
"Let me get this straight now, my thoriated tungsten welding rods, that are bought commonly at the local weld shops all over the U.S., that are listed as alpha omitter's, are now outputting constant beta and gamma radiation? "
Yes. Naturally occurring Th is a mixture of isotopes and they emit a range of radiation.
Were you not aware of that?
"he thorium that is joined with the very heavy Tungsten element in a 2:98 ratio. But the manganese is absorbing the more powerful beta radiation of the potassium? "
It's not a matter of "powerful" . The gamma rays are more penetrating. That's how the 3 tyeps of radiation were originally distinguished into 3 groups - by their penetration range.
Also, you seem not to have noticed that the 40K which is doing the emitting is only about 0.012% of the potassium. By comparison the 2% of thorium is a lot.
"Are you saying if I cover a thoriated tungsten rod that registers on my Geiger Counter, with potassium permanganate that I will not be able to read it?"
No.
Nobody said that did they?
What we did say (by implication) is that a layer of manganese would severely attenuate the beta radiation from any potassium (or any other beta source).
You have not explained how you would do the self absorption correction that would be needed for this to be "spot on" science.
"What is so funny is that I have been warning welders for many years that thorium is rather radio active. Their chemists claim I am paranoid and that, the level of radiation is minimal and not a health hazard. Haha."
You need to hang out with better chemists.
The fact is that thorium is actually rather toxic- even without the radiation damage you should avoid it like you would nickel or lead.
They were right in saying the radiation wasn't the big problem.
I am more radioactive than a welding rod.
Incidentally re "Noble gas welding cylinders when almost empty often output other elements than pure noble gases. Which as I was mentioning in another topic that was closed, could kill. What I stated, I have done, so I know that who ever moderated that thread is not about the science or living but rather wants to play legal eagle. "
Gases mix.
So, the gas mixture coming from a full tank is nearly the same as that from an empty tank. Not that it matters much.
What you stupidly said was that you couldn't be asphyxiated by a pure noble gas. That's simply not true.
And since it's dangerous nonsense, that thread was killed.
It's not because anyone was being a "legal eagle". It's because you were spouting stupid dangerous tosh.
I suggest that you don't try to raise the issue again
This bit is funny
"Look at anything grown in South America the soil is highly radio active."
You really think that , in spite of the fact that South America is huge, all the soil there is the same.
Really?
Did you actually type that, and expect to be taken seriously?
The more "spot on" version of the science is that Brazil nut tress grow in rain forests.
Because there's a lot of rain, the soil is poor- much of the nutritional value is washed out.
The trees solve that problem by simply transpiring huge amounts of water.
In the case of the Brazil nut tree they don't do a very good job at excluding barium and radium when they try to take up calcium.
That's why the nuts are radioactive.
Why not check your "spot on" science before posting?
-
Thorium mostly decays by releasing alpha particles, which have very poor penetrating power. There is also some degree of decay releasing gamma radiation (from 228Th), which is very penetrating. If you do not understand the difference between beta (which is what potassium does) and gamma radiation, you shouldn't have access thoriated anything!
Let me get this straight now, my thoriated tungsten welding rods, that are bought commonly at the local weld shops all over the U.S., that are listed as alpha omitter's, are now outputting constant beta and gamma radiation? The thorium that is joined with the very heavy Tungsten element in a 2:98 ratio. But the manganese is absorbing the more powerful beta radiation of the potassium? I think we should get our stories straight before we put all this on a science forum.
Are you saying if I cover a thoriated tungsten rod that registers on my Geiger Counter, with potassium permanganate that I will not be able to read it?
What is so funny is that I have been warning welders for many years that thorium is rather radio active. Their chemists claim I am paranoid and that, the level of radiation is minimal and not a health hazard. Haha. I have noted that with age, oxidation, the radiation increases. Also if you use them without proper noble gas coverage they can create a room full of radiation. Noble gas welding cylinders when almost empty often output other elements than pure noble gases. Which as I was mentioning in another topic that was closed, could kill. What I stated, I have done, so I know that who ever moderated that thread is not about the science or living but rather wants to play legal eagle.
Look at anything grown in South America the soil is highly radio active. Brazil nuts will register on a geiger counter. I have not tried a banana from South America though.
Sincerely,
William McCormick
"Let me get this straight now, my thoriated tungsten welding rods, that are bought commonly at the local weld shops all over the U.S., that are listed as alpha omitter's, are now outputting constant beta and gamma radiation? "
Yes. Naturally occurring Th is a mixture of isotopes and they emit a range of radiation.
Were you not aware of that?
"he thorium that is joined with the very heavy Tungsten element in a 2:98 ratio. But the manganese is absorbing the more powerful beta radiation of the potassium? "
It's not a matter of "powerful" . The gamma rays are more penetrating. That's how the 3 tyeps of radiation were originally distinguished into 3 groups - by their penetration range.
Also, you seem not to have noticed that the 40K which is doing the emitting is only about 0.012% of the potassium. By comparison the 2% of thorium is a lot.
"Are you saying if I cover a thoriated tungsten rod that registers on my Geiger Counter, with potassium permanganate that I will not be able to read it?"
No.
Nobody said that did they?
What we did say (by implication) is that a layer of manganese would severely attenuate the beta radiation from any potassium (or any other beta source).
You have not explained how you would do the self absorption correction that would be needed for this to be "spot on" science.
"What is so funny is that I have been warning welders for many years that thorium is rather radio active. Their chemists claim I am paranoid and that, the level of radiation is minimal and not a health hazard. Haha."
You need to hang out with better chemists.
The fact is that thorium is actually rather toxic- even without the radiation damage you should avoid it like you would nickel or lead.
They were right in saying the radiation wasn't the big problem.
I am more radioactive than a welding rod.
Incidentally re "Noble gas welding cylinders when almost empty often output other elements than pure noble gases. Which as I was mentioning in another topic that was closed, could kill. What I stated, I have done, so I know that who ever moderated that thread is not about the science or living but rather wants to play legal eagle. "
Gases mix.
So, the gas mixture coming from a full tank is nearly the same as that from an empty tank. Not that it matters much.
What you stupidly said was that you couldn't be asphyxiated by a pure noble gas. That's simply not true.
And since it's dangerous nonsense, that thread was killed.
It's not because anyone was being a "legal eagle". It's because you were spouting stupid dangerous tosh.
I suggest that you don't try to raise the issue again
This bit is funny
"Look at anything grown in South America the soil is highly radio active."
You really think that , in spite of the fact that South America is huge, all the soil there is the same.
Really?
Did you actually type that, and expect to be taken seriously?
The more "spot on" version of the science is that Brazil nut tress grow in rain forests.
Because there's a lot of rain, the soil is poor- much of the nutritional value is washed out.
The trees solve that problem by simply transpiring huge amounts of water.
In the case of the Brazil nut tree they don't do a very good job at excluding barium and radium when they try to take up calcium.
That's why the nuts are radioactive.
Why not check your "spot on" science before posting?
You claim that you are more radio active than my thoriated tungsten rods, I hope not for your sake. Thoriated tungsten rods if you bunch a few pounds of them together create heat. But according to you the thoriated tungsten rods are not emitting any dangerous radiation. But my potassium permanganate that I believe is the lowest radiation zone in my home, is almost nearing Fukushima levels of deadly output?
If you are afraid of potassium 40 witch is just potassium with a an unknown radio active contaminate, you would not eat most foods grown, because most are grown in radio active soil. Certainly fish are out of the question. Pure Tungsten also carries with it radio active contaminants that are considered by older welders to be worse than the known contaminate in Thoriated Tungsten. All carbon on earth now is highly contaminated by unknown radio active substances. Our livestock as well are all contaminated. I personally believe that potassium permanganate is a safe substance to use.
youtu.be/ClDHDcxBJhM
This is a video of some potassium permanganate solution being made, you have to copy and paste the youtu.be/ClDHDcxBJhM link into your browser though to get it to play.
Sincerely,
William McCormick
-
OK, for a start, you seem to now accept that Newton didn't say this" As soon as you rotate a liquid mass, there is internal friction generated. No one can say anything differently and not be a fool. As soon as friction is generated there is a loss of energy between the energy applied to rotate the liquid and the heat generated. "
as you claimed earlier.
There's a problem with "Newtons claim is that energy is neither created or destroyed, just altered. "
Newton didn't have a clear definition or understanding of energy so he couldn't have made that statement.
"I just started using my potassium permanganate and I can assure you it so powerful that it must be seen to be believed. The lavender fluid turns brown after you soak flesh in it, mine, in a few minutes time, remarkable stuff really. "
Of course I believe it;I told you it would do that. You are the one who was saying it didn't.
Do you remember saying "It turns out the lavender solution does not stain the skin or anything else for that matter."?
I see that ChiralSPO has tried to explain basic radioactivity to you and all you could come up with was a straw man.
So I will have another go.
The gamma rays from thorium are much more penetrating than the beta particles from potassium.
That's why they go through lead.
It is, therefore, unsurprising that they go through tungsten.
It's also utterly irrelevant.
Newton and Benjamin Franklin understood matter far better than any modern physicist today. Newton understood we live in a perpetual motion universe, as did Benjamin Franklin. If you understand ARC (Anode, Rectified, Cathode), you know we live in a perpetual motion universe. Inspect enough factory accidents and you will know we live in a perpetual motion universe.
Just because now there are laws against understanding the universe, and the very proper stuffed shirts, follow those "laws" and therefore do not believe in perpetual motion, does not mean that rabbles do not understand it.
Sincerely,
William McCormick
-
My word! what a lot of nonsense
"You claim that you are more radio active than my thoriated tungsten rods, I hope not for your sake. Thoriated tungsten rods if you bunch a few pounds of them together create heat."
I also generate heat. However you will never measure the heat generated by a bunch of welding rods.
No- really you won't.
Try it- get a thermometer and a vacuum flask or two.
The specific activity of (natural) thorium is about .1 microcuries per gram and a rod weighs a few tens of grams of which a couple of percent- call it a gram on a good day - is thorium So each rod is about a tenth of a microcurie.
That's roughly the same as from the potassium in me.
https://www.orau.org/ptp/collection/consumer%20products/potassiumgeneralinfo.htm
And, of course I also contain other radioactive elements- notably carbon. So, "Spot on" science shows that you don't understand radioactivity.
"But according to you the thoriated tungsten rods are not emitting any dangerous radiation."
I never said that.
Why are you pretending that I did?
Is that your idea of getting facts "spot on"?
"But my potassium permanganate that I believe is the lowest radiation zone in my home, "
Again, I never said that- why lie about it? did you think that would somehow help?
" But my potassium permanganate that I believe is the lowest radiation zone in my home, is almost nearing Fukushima levels of deadly output? "
Again, that's nonsense and nobody said anything like it.
You are just a hopeless liar.
Incidentally, if the middle of the water tank isn't markedly less of a radiation zone, you are in trouble.
"If you are afraid of potassium 40"
Nobody is
"... witch is just potassium with a an unknown radio active contaminate,"
No it is not.
It's a radioisotope of potassium.
"Pure Tungsten also carries with it radio active contaminants that are considered by older welders to be worse than the known contaminate in Thoriated Tungsten."
Ok, now you are adding irrationality to the list; if it is pure tungsten then it doesn't have anything except tungsten in it does it?
So it doesn't have contaminants.
So they are not hazardous- because they don't exist.
"All carbon on earth now is highly contaminated by unknown radio active substances."
Really?
How?
It's difficult to see why the coal buried deep in the ground is "contaminated" as such- it just isn't pure carbon. Strip out the impurities and you don't have anything radioactive there.
Also, we know what radioactive materials are present - at least any that re present at significant levels. That's one of the nice things about radioactivity- it's really easy to check for.
On the other hand, as you showed earlier, it's easy to do that very badly indeed.
"I personally believe that potassium permanganate is a safe substance to use. "
What as?
It's still neurotoxic- people who are exposed to a lot of it lose their mental and physical functions.
-
"
.... If you understand ARC (Anode, Rectified, Cathode), ..."
It wasn't possible when you said it before, and it still isn't right now.
http://www.thenakedscientists.com/forum/index.php?topic=45336.20
It was bad the first time round, but to reintroduce it seems "interesting"of you.
Why not just stop saying things that are clearly not factual?
Also, you rather seem to have lost focus on the actual topic.
How could something which is very dark, even if only present at 1% or so form pale crystals?
What's holding all the vast excess of water together?
I hope you enjoyed making the video. I'm obviously not going to bother watching it- I know what the stuff looks like. and, since this thread is in the "That can't be right" forum, it's unlikely than more than a handful of people will ever see your post.
-
"
.... If you understand ARC (Anode, Rectified, Cathode), ..."
It wasn't possible when you said it before, and it still isn't right now.
http://www.thenakedscientists.com/forum/index.php?topic=45336.20
It was bad the first time round, but to reintroduce it seems "interesting"of you.
Why not just stop saying things that are clearly not factual?
Also, you rather seem to have lost focus on the actual topic.
How could something which is very dark, even if only present at 1% or so form pale crystals?
What's holding all the vast excess of water together?
I hope you enjoyed making the video. I'm obviously not going to bother watching it- I know what the stuff looks like. and, since this thread is in the "That can't be right" forum, it's unlikely than more than a handful of people will ever see your post.
Remember that a while back, I had stated that they used marble plates to plate metal to. And it was refuted by some. Since I have personally scrapped pounds of silver off of the large rotating marble blocks in the platting machines for reclaiming, I find it kind of funny. It is the reality it is not open to debate. If you would like to keep refuting it ok, reality isn't going change.
You can do some tests at home, take a piece of aluminum foil, about 18 inches square. Lay it on a cement floor it does not matter if the cement is painted or not. Create a 27 volt power source, three nine volt batteries in series. Connect one terminal of the battery pack to the aluminum foil, place a couch pillow or a bag of sand on the aluminum foil. Connect the other terminal of the batteries, to a multi-meter test lead. Hold the other test lead from the multi meters metal contact tightly in your hand and drop to one knee and note the multi-meter reading. Then drop to two knees, and then lay down on the floor. You will see that electricity flows rather nicely through cement. After all everything is just pure electricity.
Having welded on my back on cement, I am very sure of this phenomena. The welder only outputs 40 volts yet it travels right through the cement and me.
youtu.be/pFtoqm3ELLI
Sincerely,
William McCormick
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That's remarkable.
You think that the slight conductivity of concrete- which was never disputed- has something to do with showing that Sir Humphrey Davy, the man who first named the electric arc, must have moved forward in time to a point where the words "anode", "cathode" and "rectifier" were invented.
Would you like to explain the link?
Incidentally, it remains the case that marble is a very poor conductor- so much so that it was used as an insulator in standard inductors.
http://www.globalspec.com/specsearch/partspecs?partId={7F369169-AC3F-4EC0-AF72-84203BF93E16}&vid=156785&comp=4155
I have a slab or two of it about the place somewhere- I might get round to measuring the resistivity.
Getting back to the point of the thread, please would you please explain how a tiny amount (certainly less than 1%) of permanganate turns water into a crystal.
Alternatively, admit that it can't and that you simply didn't remember something correctly.
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That's remarkable.
You think that the slight conductivity of concrete- which was never disputed- has something to do with showing that Sir Humphrey Davy, the man who first named the electric arc, must have moved forward in time to a point where the words "anode", "cathode" and "rectifier" were invented.
Would you like to explain the link?
Incidentally, it remains the case that marble is a very poor conductor- so much so that it was used as an insulator in standard inductors.
http://www.globalspec.com/specsearch/partspecs?partId={7F369169-AC3F-4EC0-AF72-84203BF93E16}&vid=156785&comp=4155
I have a slab or two of it about the place somewhere- I might get round to measuring the resistivity.
Getting back to the point of the thread, please would you please explain how a tiny amount (certainly less than 1%) of permanganate turns water into a crystal.
Alternatively, admit that it can't and that you simply didn't remember something correctly.
My point is I stated a reality, that I, they, use in industry marble slabs to reclaim silver. You hang 24 marble slabs depending on the machine from about 4 to 6 inches wide and they hang in the solution about 24 inches deep. These slabs require a large transformer to supply the amperage to carry out the plating. Now do I understand capacitance, ohms/resistance surly. The formula for a capacitor is area of the dielectric in contact with two equal area plates, the resistance of the dielectric, and the thickness of the dielectric. So as I stated and someone without hands on experience refuted, marble is used as a plate in a plating operation. Because it conducts electricity just fine, given enough surface area.
However when I back into a wooden countertop that is covered in plastic mica laminate often known as Formica, Melamine, Wilsonart, the trade names. I suddenly realize my hand is in contact with a live part. That voltage and current goes right through my jeans, and underwear, through, the plastic laminate and wooden structure that it is applied to. Yet I do not feel it through my work boots.
I can touch the hot wire in a home while standing on dry ground in good work boots and socks and feel nothing. I work with electricity on my job and do the above regularly. However if you back into a dielectric, an insulator you might will feel it quick. Even someone else touching you can cause you to feel it suddenly. Fun things we do Haha.
Insulators transmit voltage faster than conductors. Conductors transmit current better, faster than insulators.
Yet in a capacitor, the dielectric conducts both voltage and amperage faster than a conductor would. The reason is that the dielectric in the capacitor has to reach the voltage of the conductor supplying power to one plate (an abundance or particles of electricity), almost instantly or it will detonate. If a shortage of particles of electricity is introduced to a capacitor the capacitor must eject particles of electricity to the power supply terminal that is introducing a shortage of particles of electricity or it will explode. This charging of the capacitor occurs before a conductor can conduct electricity.
Since we know that capacitors are often used to create high amperage outputs where supply power just cannot achieve that kind of amperage, the dielectric can certainly deliver amperage with a couple of square inches of surface area to play with.
Sincerely,
William McCormick
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I'm so glad that you understand capacitors.
That means that you understand that they will allow an alternating current to pass, but not direct current.
However, since you need a direct current to electrolytically deposit silver, you must realise that capacitive effects are irrelevant.
It's a bit like saying that you understand geology or ornithology. Very laudable- but irrelevant.
If you can cite details of the system, perhaps I can work out what's really happening because as I said (and proved- with the reference to standard inductors) marble is a pretty good insulator so it's hard to see how it's used as an electrode.
Anyway, in the mean time, could you possibly get back to the topic and explain how a gnat's fart of permanganate holds the water together as a crystal?
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I'm so glad that you understand capacitors.
That means that you understand that they will allow an alternating current to pass, but not direct current.
However, since you need a direct current to electrolytically deposit silver, you must realise that capacitive effects are irrelevant.
It's a bit like saying that you understand geology or ornithology. Very laudable- but irrelevant.
If you can cite details of the system, perhaps I can work out what's really happening because as I said (and proved- with the reference to standard inductors) marble is a pretty good insulator so it's hard to see how it's used as an electrode.
Anyway, in the mean time, could you possibly get back to the topic and explain how a gnat's fart of permanganate holds the water together as a crystal?
I am going to crystalize some potassium permanganate I just cannot get to that task at the moment. Trying to find water that will not cause a dispute or enter contaminants into the experiment.
As far as capacitors go, an air capacitor when rather small or in a vacuum is not seen as an air capacitor, even though there exists an air capacitor, because all the air cannot be evacuated from a chamber in our universe.
In plating operations what can happen is that a capacitor is formed at the surface of one plate, ARC (Anode, Rectified, Cathode) occurs. That is why you may see light emitted at the surface of one or both the plates in a plating tank. The solution is breaking down, much like a dielectric in a capacitor or air in a light switch breaks down when you open up a circuit. Much like on a clouds surface right before it emits lightning. The surface is over loaded, and reciprocates with a discharge. That is another reason that "scientists" got so screwed up trying to figure out electricity, rather than just sticking to the basics and figuring it out.
Understanding electricity is like rotating your right hand clockwise and your right foot counter clockwise. Not rocket science but just hard to train yourself properly.
Sincerely,
William McCormick
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Are you unable to read?
I already pointed out several times that this nonsense
"ARC (Anode, Rectified, Cathode) occurs."
is not just wrong, but stupidly impossible.
Repeating it proves that you simply don't understand electricity. Wittering on about vacuum and air capacitors doesn't help.
Perhaps rather than repeating your well documented error, you should actually do what I asked and give details of the plating system so I can explain what's really happening in terms of proper science- rather than mumbo jumbo.
Also, you can buy distilled water easily enough. Even a half- decent mineral water would probably be good enough.
But I don't see how you are going to make progress unless you actually understand the problem.
If you did understand it, you could answer my question.
"Anyway, in the mean time, could you possibly get back to the topic and explain how a gnat's fart of permanganate holds the water together as a crystal?
As we both agree it only takes a trace of permanganate to make the mixture so dark that it's nearly black. So, to get something lavender coloured you could only have a tiny trace of permanganate.
How will that tiny trace hold all the water together to make a crystal.
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Are you unable to read?
Hi Bored, just a pleasant reminder to avoid ad hominem attacks. I understand your frustration, and have mostly abstained from replying to this particular member. I might recommend the same tactic for the rest of us who understand just how wrong he usually seems to be. Thanks!
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Perhaps I should clarify that it's not an ad hom attack, it's a valid question.
I have pointed out repeatedly that the idea that arc means "anode rectifier cathode" is nonsensical since it would require that Sir Humphrey Davy travelled in time.
He keeps going on about it.
It's reasonable to ask if that's because he's unable, somehow, to read what I posted.
I am genuinely trying to work out why he keeps ignoring evidence- difficulty with reading would be one possible explanation.
(If I started by asking about the other possibilities that would really look like an ad hom.)
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Thanks Bored. Sorry if I implied motives you didn't have. Carry on!
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Are you unable to read?
I already pointed out several times that this nonsense
"ARC (Anode, Rectified, Cathode) occurs."
is not just wrong, but stupidly impossible.
Repeating it proves that you simply don't understand electricity. Wittering on about vacuum and air capacitors doesn't help.
Perhaps rather than repeating your well documented error, you should actually do what I asked and give details of the plating system so I can explain what's really happening in terms of proper science- rather than mumbo jumbo.
Also, you can buy distilled water easily enough. Even a half- decent mineral water would probably be good enough.
But I don't see how you are going to make progress unless you actually understand the problem.
If you did understand it, you could answer my question.
"Anyway, in the mean time, could you possibly get back to the topic and explain how a gnat's fart of permanganate holds the water together as a crystal?
As we both agree it only takes a trace of permanganate to make the mixture so dark that it's nearly black. So, to get something lavender coloured you could only have a tiny trace of permanganate.
How will that tiny trace hold all the water together to make a crystal.
Lightning is ARC (Anode, Rectified, Cathode). Voltage an abundance of particles of electricity, move from the earth to the storm cloud until the bottom surface of the storm cloud can no longer support the current flowing through the surface of the cloud. The cloud internally is short of particles of electricity, and so is the area above the cloud. The surface of the cloud just like a mercury rectifier becomes a rectifier of current, and does not allow the voltage under the cloud to pass through to the cloud. If it did the cloud would explode with horrific results.
ARC does not flow like an A to B flow of electricity. ARC is an A to B to C flow of electricity. The A to B flow flow of electricity is rather direct and instant. The B to C flow can meander. The reason is that the area that is high in voltage the underside of a storm cloud, has no actual place to send that voltage, it is not part of a circuit rather it is more like an electrochemical detonation. It can go anywhere there is lesser voltage. Which is just about anywhere.
However ARC does not flow in a straight line, like an A to B flow of electricity. It can slowly turn, sharply turn, move upwards, and then downwards. it will bleed off voltage to anything. Where the A to B flow of electricity moves in one direction from an abundance to a shortage created by the power supply. ARC can flow against the flow of particles of electricity from the original power supply because it is a very high voltage created by an overflow of electricity from an original power supply.
My chemistry teacher one year demonstrated copper sulphate being crystalized i stirred in the copper sulfate. It forms one large perfect crystal. That crystal has to be broken into bits to be useful. Once you break the large crystal the smaller crystals appear much lighter in color.
From the amount of copper sulfate added to the water, which was first boiled, and then kept warm while adding the copper sulfate, the size of the crystal was certainly much, much larger than the jar of copper sulfate that was not even completely used. What i though really odd is that they copper sulfate hydrate crystal would not mix with the perfectly clear water surrounding it, even after many hours.
Sincerely,
William McCormick
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Lightning is ARC (Anode, Rectified, Cathode).
Prove it.
Find a single reference anywhere that backs up your claim- (and explains how Davy time-travelled)
Also, please note that nobody asked about copper sulphate. I asked you to explain how a tiny trace of permanganate could hold water together.
You have not done so.
Why not just admit that you are wrong?
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Lightning is ARC (Anode, Rectified, Cathode).
Prove it.
Find a single reference anywhere that backs up your claim- (and explains how Davy time-travelled)
Also, please note that nobody asked about copper sulphate. I asked you to explain how a tiny trace of permanganate could hold water together.
You have not done so.
Why not just admit that you are wrong?
How do you prove something that is right there, but is not wanted by some to be understood? ARC is something you can just use your own gathered evidence from life experience, and if your observations are sound you will arrive at my conclusions. I was told by the people that have no scientific limitations or misunderstandings that the books will be tainted by law, not science, many years ago. I thought it was perhaps an exaggeration however looking back they were too submissive about it and underestimated what chaos can do. We have already passed the raise it down and lower it up phase of the basics of science, which if I was a gambling man I would have lost it all because I did not think it would have flown.
If you get enough people together you can call the blue sky purple. But then you cannot call potassium permanganate purple anymore, unless you create some more sub matter particles to explain how that could be. The "rainbow illusion particle" perhaps? Great debates could take place, about the rain is it purple rain or potassium permanganate rain?
I get the fact that most do not want to admit that for over 100 years science has been basically destroyed while moments of amazing scientific achievements actually hide that fact. Basically science was more correct over 200 years ago.
Sincerely,
William McCormick
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"How do you prove something that is right there, but is not wanted by some to be understood?"
that's the problem- it isn't there.
If you were not talking utter nonsense it would be easy for you to show that someone else, somewhere on the internet also refers to " ARC (Anode, Rectified, Cathode)"
Well, why haven't you?
And how do you explain the fact that Davy was using the word "arc" before anyone had invented the words "rectifier (in the context of electricity)," "anode" and "cathode"?
And, similarly, if this
" Basically science was more correct over 200 years ago. "
is even close to true you should be able to prove it.
Meanwhile, perhaps you could explain who a tiny trace of permanganate holds together a huge amount of water in a crystal.
I keep asking you to explain stuff and you just don't. Why don't you simply admit that it's because you can't?
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"How do you prove something that is right there, but is not wanted by some to be understood?"
that's the problem- it isn't there.
If you were not talking utter nonsense it would be easy for you to show that someone else, somewhere on the internet also refers to " ARC (Anode, Rectified, Cathode)"
Well, why haven't you?
And how do you explain the fact that Davy was using the word "arc" before anyone had invented the words "rectifier (in the context of electricity)," "anode" and "cathode"?
And, similarly, if this
" Basically science was more correct over 200 years ago. "
is even close to true you should be able to prove it.
Meanwhile, perhaps you could explain who a tiny trace of permanganate holds together a huge amount of water in a crystal.
I keep asking you to explain stuff and you just don't. Why don't you simply admit that it's because you can't?
As I have stated there is nothing negative about a particle of electricity. It is never attracted to matter or other particles of electricity. It can be pushed to matter or other particles of electricity by an abundance of particles of electricity or by its velocity when it is traveling as ambient radiation x-rays or heat.
So although Benjamin Franklin did correctly label electricity according to the way it flows, and recorded it, colleges decided they knew better. Colleges misunderstood the cathode ray tube, and from their misunderstanding changed the markings on electricity. Twenty years ago colleges were proud of their labeling. Today colleges say "well it is just a convention anyway" rather than expose their misunderstanding of electricity the atom and the universe.
I have a pyrex beaker from Corning coming it should be here tomorrow Sunday. I want to time lapse the crystallization of the potassium permanganate. I have never seen it crystalize I am pretty excited about it.
If you have never seen copper sulphate crystalize you probably would not believe it. I am still at a loss as to how it can separate into copper sulphate hydrate and pure clear water with no blue tint. I might also crystalize a batch of copper sulphate too.
Sincerely,
William McCormick
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"As I have stated there is nothing negative about a particle of electricity."
Nobody said otherwise here.
Would you care to expand on why you think that you are the only person in the world who knows the "truth"- even though it makes no sense and all the other people who are(according to you) totally wrong are doing things like designing computers -like the one you are using.
How come the stuff they design works if they have no idea what's happening?
Re " I am still at a loss as to how it can separate into copper sulphate hydrate and pure clear water with no blue tint. "
That's easy. It doesn't. The crystals form in a deep blue solution. There's no "pure clear water with no blue tint".
It's just you being wrong again.
More importantly, back at the topic.
perhaps you could explain who a tiny trace of permanganate holds together a huge amount of water in a crystal.
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"As I have stated there is nothing negative about a particle of electricity."
Nobody said otherwise here.
Would you care to expand on why you think that you are the only person in the world who knows the "truth"- even though it makes no sense and all the other people who are(according to you) totally wrong are doing things like designing computers -like the one you are using.
How come the stuff they design works if they have no idea what's happening?
Re " I am still at a loss as to how it can separate into copper sulphate hydrate and pure clear water with no blue tint. "
That's easy. It doesn't. The crystals form in a deep blue solution. There's no "pure clear water with no blue tint".
It's just you being wrong again.
More importantly, back at the topic.
perhaps you could explain who a tiny trace of permanganate holds together a huge amount of water in a crystal.
If you agree there is nothing negative about a particle of electricity, then it should not be labeled with a (-) symbol. That labeling makes as much sense as raise it down and lower it up.
Stubborn egotistical colleges cannot repair their errors. Especially after they insulted a dead mans work by saying he could not have known the direction of electricity, and took a guess about the polarity of electricity. When in fact colleges took a guess or purposely mislabeled electricity. Benjamin Franklin created the test in his basement with a wire from his roof during a lightning storm. Using a pointed and flat electrode which shows the direction of electricity.
You asked how can you make a computer without understanding electricity? You do not even need electricity to make a computer. First you need to understand the computer then electricity, then make the computer. It looks like neither is understood yet.
As I mentioned after a few years of kids learning in school and calling the sky purple we would believe the sky was purple. That is what has happened with electricity. The problem is that we did not change up to down and down to up, positive to mean negative and negative to mean positive across the board yet. So perhaps we can just fix the labeling on electricity and move on. Then we can fix chemistry and science. Since we live in a universe built solely out of particles of electricity according to my schooling, I would think we should get that in order before doing anything important. Our computers are barely, reliable. I am not saying that they are not complex, and often fun and useful however they are unnecessarily complex in most cases. Unstable in all cases.
Sincerely,
William McCormick
-
"As I have stated there is nothing negative about a particle of electricity."
Nobody said otherwise here.
Would you care to expand on why you think that you are the only person in the world who knows the "truth"- even though it makes no sense and all the other people who are(according to you) totally wrong are doing things like designing computers -like the one you are using.
How come the stuff they design works if they have no idea what's happening?
Re " I am still at a loss as to how it can separate into copper sulphate hydrate and pure clear water with no blue tint. "
That's easy. It doesn't. The crystals form in a deep blue solution. There's no "pure clear water with no blue tint".
It's just you being wrong again.
More importantly, back at the topic.
perhaps you could explain who a tiny trace of permanganate holds together a huge amount of water in a crystal.
Copper sulphate certainly does crystalize into a solid blue crystal and pure water. When mixed with pure heated water not boiling water, to a point of over saturation which happens with very little copper sulphate added. Then left out over night to cool, it forms an amazing solid one piece blue crystal, in clear un-tinted water. I mixed in the copper sulphate myself it was after school. The next day there was the crystal. Could the teacher have put a blue crystal in the beaker sure, but I doubt it highly. He was a man of science. We so carefully mixed in enough coper sulphate only to the point that the solution would not completely absorb anymore. Using a very tiny spoon to do it one spoon at a time.
This teacher in particular raised one cubic foot of water one degree celsius with one BTU of energy, and refused to agree to the laws of conservation.
Sincerely,
William McCormick
-
If you agree there is nothing negative about a particle of electricity, then it should not be labeled with a (-) symbol. That labeling makes as much sense as raise it down and lower it up.
Stubborn egotistical colleges cannot repair their errors. Especially after they insulted a dead mans work by saying he could not have known the direction of electricity, and took a guess about the polarity of electricity. When in fact colleges took a guess or purposely mislabeled electricity. Benjamin Franklin created the test in his basement with a wire from his roof during a lightning storm. Using a pointed and flat electrode which shows the direction of electricity.
You asked how can you make a computer without understanding electricity? You do not even need electricity to make a computer. First you need to understand the computer then electricity, then make the computer. It looks like neither is understood yet.
As I mentioned after a few years of kids learning in school and calling the sky purple we would believe the sky was purple. That is what has happened with electricity. The problem is that we did not change up to down and down to up, positive to mean negative and negative to mean positive across the board yet. So perhaps we can just fix the labeling on electricity and move on. Then we can fix chemistry and science. Since we live in a universe built solely out of particles of electricity according to my schooling, I would think we should get that in order before doing anything important. Our computers are barely, reliable. I am not saying that they are not complex, and often fun and useful however they are unnecessarily complex in most cases. Unstable in all cases.
Sincerely,
William McCormick
You seem to have given up any attempt at sense.
perhaps you could explain who a tiny trace of permanganate holds together a huge amount of water in a crystal.
-
If you agree there is nothing negative about a particle of electricity, then it should not be labeled with a (-) symbol. That labeling makes as much sense as raise it down and lower it up.
Stubborn egotistical colleges cannot repair their errors. Especially after they insulted a dead mans work by saying he could not have known the direction of electricity, and took a guess about the polarity of electricity. When in fact colleges took a guess or purposely mislabeled electricity. Benjamin Franklin created the test in his basement with a wire from his roof during a lightning storm. Using a pointed and flat electrode which shows the direction of electricity.
You asked how can you make a computer without understanding electricity? You do not even need electricity to make a computer. First you need to understand the computer then electricity, then make the computer. It looks like neither is understood yet.
As I mentioned after a few years of kids learning in school and calling the sky purple we would believe the sky was purple. That is what has happened with electricity. The problem is that we did not change up to down and down to up, positive to mean negative and negative to mean positive across the board yet. So perhaps we can just fix the labeling on electricity and move on. Then we can fix chemistry and science. Since we live in a universe built solely out of particles of electricity according to my schooling, I would think we should get that in order before doing anything important. Our computers are barely, reliable. I am not saying that they are not complex, and often fun and useful however they are unnecessarily complex in most cases. Unstable in all cases.
Sincerely,
William McCormick
You seem to have given up any attempt at sense.
perhaps you could explain who a tiny trace of permanganate holds together a huge amount of water in a crystal.
I was surprised at how little copper sulfate it took to oversaturate the solution. And I was even more surprised by the huge crystal I saw the next morning in class when I went to examine the experiment. So I am keeping an open mind about the potassium permanganate. I expect to see a purple crystal in pristine water. That when broken up will produce lavender crystals.
Sincerely,
William McCormick
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I was surprised at how little copper sulfate it took to oversaturate the solution. And I was even more surprised by the huge crystal I saw the next morning in class when I went to examine the experiment. So I am keeping an open mind about the potassium permanganate. I expect to see a purple crystal in pristine water. That when broken up will produce lavender crystals.
Sincerely,
William McCormick
As I said, reality and this thread have clearly parted company.
You seem to say that it takes a little copper sulphate to make a saturated solution- but you get a lot of copper sulphate back from that solution.
Where does the additional copper sulphate come from? Do unicorns bring it?
Also re "I expect to see a purple crystal in pristine water."
How?
If I put a little permanganate into water I get a very dark solution. I can then add more to get a saturated solution. I can even look up in tables like this
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubility_table
how much permanganate will dissolve. Near room temperature it will be about 4 or 5 %.
If I leave it and let the water evaporate (or if I started with a hot solution and let it cool) then I will end up with fresh crystals of permanganate.
And they will be in water.
And-if by some magic- that water was "pristine"- rather than nearly black with permanganate then they would dissolve.
There's a massive issue with your idea of "pristine" or "pure clear water with no blue tint" (for copper sulphate).
How does it know which to do?
How does the water know that- because the crystals are forming- the water should be pure, but when they are dissolving it should dissolve 4% or so?
Are you invoking some insane suggestion that the water has a memory- or that it mystically knows whether you are making crystals or making a solution?
In particular, how do the bits of the solution on the other side of the beaker "know"? What communication method could they use?
So, as I said, you have completely left reality behind in an attempt to avoid admitting that you were simply mistaken.
Meanwhile, back at the topic,
Perhaps you could explain who a tiny trace of permanganate holds together a huge amount of water in a crystal.
(BTW, powdered potassium permanganate is practically black. I used to make lots of it when I was a kid. I imagine you can guess why but it's not a topic to discuss here since it's neither relevant, nor safe)
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I was surprised at how little copper sulfate it took to oversaturate the solution. And I was even more surprised by the huge crystal I saw the next morning in class when I went to examine the experiment. So I am keeping an open mind about the potassium permanganate. I expect to see a purple crystal in pristine water. That when broken up will produce lavender crystals.
Sincerely,
William McCormick
As I said, reality and this thread have clearly parted company.
You seem to say that it takes a little copper sulphate to make a saturated solution- but you get a lot of copper sulphate back from that solution.
Where does the additional copper sulphate come from? Do unicorns bring it?
Also re "I expect to see a purple crystal in pristine water."
How?
If I put a little permanganate into water I get a very dark solution. I can then add more to get a saturated solution. I can even look up in tables like this
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubility_table
how much permanganate will dissolve. Near room temperature it will be about 4 or 5 %.
If I leave it and let the water evaporate (or if I started with a hot solution and let it cool) then I will end up with fresh crystals of permanganate.
And they will be in water.
And-if by some magic- that water was "pristine"- rather than nearly black with permanganate then they would dissolve.
There's a massive issue with your idea of "pristine" or "pure clear water with no blue tint" (for copper sulphate).
How does it know which to do?
How does the water know that- because the crystals are forming- the water should be pure, but when they are dissolving it should dissolve 4% or so?
Are you invoking some insane suggestion that the water has a memory- or that it mystically knows whether you are making crystals or making a solution?
In particular, how do the bits of the solution on the other side of the beaker "know"? What communication method could they use?
So, as I said, you have completely left reality behind in an attempt to avoid admitting that you were simply mistaken.
Meanwhile, back at the topic,
Perhaps you could explain who a tiny trace of permanganate holds together a huge amount of water in a crystal.
(BTW, powdered potassium permanganate is practically black. I used to make lots of it when I was a kid. I imagine you can guess why but it's not a topic to discuss here since it's neither relevant, nor safe)
I agree with your logic entirely, about the pristine water, and blue crystal sitting in the pristine water. It made no sense to me either. However the teacher said that when crystallization occurs, with more than enough water present, that the hydrate wishes no more water and stays apart from the water. If you crush it up it will then mix with water again. However the initial reaction leaves the huge single crystal and pristine water not wanting any part of one another. I know the teacher left the classroom windows open the heat off in the fall and asked the janitor to also do the same. I believe he was going for that 40 degree Fahrenheit maximum density of water, and a slow cool over night to cause crystallization. It was cold in the classroom the next morning.
I march to the trumpets that never sound retreat, so I stay on something until I have proof for myself. I am waiting patiently for my beakers to come. The effect and mental picture of the blue crystal in pristine water inside that clear beaker, makes for such memory. I cannot get that picture out of my mind, I am actually very excited about this experiment. I might do the copper sulphate first, and then experiment with the potassium permanganate second. The camera I wish to use is getting old and the lithium batteries are getting old too. So I do not know if I will be able to capture it on time lapse. But I will try. Worse comes to worse I will get some pictures.
I was looking at time lapse apps for the iPhone 7 just incase, but I am not sure if they will do what I wish to do. I am thinking a picture every 2 minutes. I am going to look into those apps now.
My teacher took great care in the temperature of the solution, the amount of copper sulphate mixed into the solution. He knew it would take over night to crystalize. He said it had to be left alone and not bothered, over night. As soon as we finished mixing it, he had us all back away from it and he locked up the classroom.
Sincerely,
William McCormick
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Never mind what you think you remember about what the teacher said. Put some copper sulphate in water and try it.
Or just look on the web where a zillion people have done the experiment.
http://www.instructables.com/id/How-to-grow-great-crystals/step3/Growing-the-Copper-sulphate-crystal/
Don't you understand that when something is logically impossible, it doesn't happen- so you must have got something wrong?