Naked Science Forum

On the Lighter Side => New Theories => Topic started by: McQueen on 14/05/2021 04:50:05

Title: Einstein, Relativity and light:
Post by: McQueen on 14/05/2021 04:50:05
          Towards the end of the nineteenth century, a strange situation prevailed in the science of physics.  For hundreds of years physicists had been speculating on the manner in which light propagated.  An observation of the properties of light: it travelled in straight lines, its intensity varied inversely with the square of the distance travelled, while the area over which it spread out, varied directly with the square of the distance travelled, it had a finite speed that never varied; all seemed to indicate that light travelled through a medium. It was in trying to identify the medium through which light travelled that difficulties arose.   Numerous efforts to identify the medium ended in failure, but some idea of the properties that this medium must possess were identified. It was non-tactile, it was invisible, it was odourless, it had no mass, it had extremely low interaction with matter, it was permeable to all solids to the extent that the planets and the stars could pass through it without being obstructed to any discernible degree. Physicists were satisfied that some kind of medium must exist to both limit the speed of light and account for these properties but were content to leave it at that, even if such a medium was not immediately identifiable. They called this medium the aether.   

             Then in 1865 everything changed with the publication of James Clerk Maxwell’s: “A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field.”  This paper predicted the existence of electromagnetic waves that could travel through the air, although it took another 20 years before these waves were finally discovered in 1887 by Henrich Hertz. Maxwell identified light as a transverse electromagnetic wave.  This created a whole new dimension for the properties of the aether; it now had to possess a rigidity several times that of steel in order to accommodate a transverse wave moving with a speed of 3 x 10 5 km/s. This rendered the whole concept of an aether completely ridiculous.

            The death knell to the aether theory was sounded when Michelson and Morley in their experiment of 1887 to detect the aether ended up with a null result.  There was no aether.  Sheer disbelief that light was able to propagate without a medium resulted. Scientists came up with all kinds of theories as to how the aether could have escaped detection. The Irish Physicist Fitzpatrick, half jokingly suggested that the aether might not be discoverable because lengths contracted in the direction the aether was measured. The Dutch physicist and mathematician Henri Lorentz pondering the issue and with time on his hands, in a half whimsical frame of mind, formulated a  mathematical basis for Fitzpatrick’s theory which came to be known as the Lorentz transformations. 

              In 1905 Einstein published his paper on special relativity, dismissing the aether on the grounds that it was no longer needed and that Maxwell’s explanation for the propagation of light (electromagnetic waves) precluded the need for an aether; the two types of fields being self sustaining, the one increasing while the other was decreasing and vice-versa, resulting in a self-sustaining mechanism that could propagate forever.   Einstein’s special theory of relativity had two very important postulates:

1)   The laws of physics remain the same in all inertial frames of reference.
And
2)   The speed of light in a vacuum is a universal constant.

         With regard to the first postulate, take a train moving at a constant speed, four people are sitting around a card table in the train and playing cards, their experience would be identical to four people sitting on a stationary platform and playing cards. There is no difference; the laws of physics remain the same in both circumstances.

            As to the second postulate, in what sense is it used? Does it mean that the speed of light in a vacuum is so constant and accurate that all other speeds can be measured against it? Or does it mean that nothing can move faster than the speed of light? Or does it mean that the speed of light remains constant regardless of the motion of its source or observer? It turns out that the postulate of the speed of light as a universal constant means none of these things, what it does mean is that the speed of light remains  the same regardless of the frame of  reference of the observer.
 
           There are two important consequences of Maxwell’s equations. The first, as has been mentioned, is the possible existence of electromagnetic waves. The second unforeseen consequence is the breakdown of Newtonian mechanics, leading to Einstein’s relativity theory.

              According to Einstein; Newton’s laws are incompatible with Maxwell’s equations.  While Newtonian mechanics obey Galilean laws and are invariant with time and distance; the time at which an event takes place remaining constant everywhere in the Universe and the distance measured being likewise constant, Maxwell’s equations are not invariant with Galilean transformations. Maxwell’s equations are, however, invariant with Galilean transformations when the Lorentz transform is used. This situation raises two important possibilities that will now be examined:

1)   Maxwell’s equations are wrong.
2)   There is only one special reference frame in which Maxwell’s equations are true, namely the rest frame of the so-called aether.

             Taking the first point:  Is it possible that Maxwell’s equations are wrong? Certainly, quantum mechanics has had a tough time trying to rationalise Maxwell’s wave theory with quantum particle theory by using processes such as normalization and re-normalisation etc., without making much headway in reconciling the two properties, wave and particle, of electromagnetic radiation.  In short Maxwell’s equations are outdated a new theory has to be formulated. So, unlike the situation that prevailed at the end of the nineteenth century when Maxwell’s equations were deemed inviolate, today their validity can be questioned.

             Galilean transforms add and subtract; thus two cars moving towards each other at 50 km/h and 60 km/h would have a combined speed of  110 km/h, the same cars moving away from each other would have a relative speed of 110 km/h. If the cars are moving in the same direction, the car moving at 60 km/h would be moving away from the other car at a relative speed of 10 km/h.

          The second option proposed is one that discusses the possibility of a preferred frame of reference. The special or preferred frame of reference, if it exists would invalidate Einstein’s special relativity. But what does it mean?

           Consider a huge empty space crowded with people, Grand Central station in New York, comes to mind. Consider that each of these people is carrying a lit torch. Some are moving towards each other, some are moving away from each other, some are moving fast, others are moving slowly, some are climbing stairs others are descending stairs and so on.  You can imagine the confusion if one tries to calculate how fast the beams of light are moving in each frame of reference using Galilean transformations. There would be thousands of different readings, the light from each torch would be moving at a different speed depending on the frame of reference from which it was seen.   

         How does Einstein rationalise this situation?  Put simply Einstein uses Lorentz transformations in order to keep the speed of light constant for all observers.  This means that in the example given of Grand Central Station, distances and time would have thousands of different values for the speed of light to remain constant for all observers. Distances would have to contract and times would have to dilate in order to ensure that the speed of light remained constant in all frames of reference.

             On the earth, in the solar  system, in the whole of the vast Universe, there is one, and only one, possible frame of reference in which the speed of light remains constant in all frames of reference. Thus in this special or preferred frame of reference, the speed of light would remain constant regardless of whether an observer were moving towards or away from the source and regardless of whether the source or the destination itself were moving and more importantly whether inertial or accelerated frames of reference were involved! This preferred frame of reference is the aether. Yes,  in the presence of a medium, the speed of light would remain constant in any frame of reference; regardless of the movement of the source or if the observer were approaching or moving away from the light.  The existence of an aether (or medium) is what Maxwell based his equations on.

          Which theory is more probable? Consider dark matter, its presence was detected much before Einstein made an appearance.

    “Dark matter is a form of matter thought to account for approximately 85% of the matter in the universe and about 27% of its total mass–energy density or about 2.241 × 10−27 kg/m3. Its presence is implied in a variety of astrophysical observations, including gravitational effects that cannot be explained by accepted theories of gravity unless more matter is present than can be seen.” -  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

             When physicist agree that 85 % of all matter in the Universe is dark matter and that they don’t know what it is or how to detect it; it is astonishing that the ‘aether’ with exactly similar properties, could be summarily dismissed on the grounds that it could not be detected. 
Title: Re: Einstein, Relativity and light:
Post by: Kryptid on 14/05/2021 07:01:21
When physicist agree that 85 % of all matter in the Universe is dark matter and that they don’t know what it is or how to detect it; it is astonishing that the ‘aether’ with exactly similar properties, could be summarily dismissed on the grounds that it could not be detected.

They don't have "exactly similar properties". You said it yourself. Aether was thought to have no mass. Dark matter, on the other hand, does. Another difference is that aether would have permeated all of space, whereas dark matter is concentrated in some areas more than others. They are not the same thing.

You also contradict yourself by simultaneously claiming that dark matter both has been detected and that we don't know how to detect it:

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Consider dark matter, its presence was detected much before Einstein made an appearance.
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When physicist agree that 85 % of all matter in the Universe is dark matter and that they don’t know what it is or how to detect it

Since this feels like "New Theory" material, I'm moving it to the appropriate forum.
Title: Re: Einstein, Relativity and light:
Post by: puppypower on 17/05/2021 13:44:45
The theory of special relativity has three variables, one each for mass, distance and time. Light or photons can express distance and time via wavelength and frequency, but since mass cannot travel at the speed of light, photons cannot directly express relativistic mass. The SR equations are underused; use 2 of 3, leading to an illusion affect. It would be like discussing gravity but leaving out the distance variable. Illusions will appear.

The importance of mass and relativistic mass is this variable allows one to maintain the universal energy balance. A single universal energy balances implies absolute references will needed to add up to only one energy balance for all references. Relative reference is a default situation, that is created by using primarily light to infer the universe. It creates the problem of not being able to determine a  universal energy balance; same in all references. Relative reference can conflict with conservation of energy.

For example, if you take any relative reference scenario, with two references for simplicity, if the mass is different in each reference, each will come up with a different energy balance; 1/2MV2, where M1 does not equal M2. In relative reference, one reference might over estimate the system energy and the other may under estimate it. We on the earth reference have had to add dark matter and dark energy to tighten the energy balance, for our relative earth reference. The original problem is due to using 2 out of 3 special relativity variables. 

One work around is the speed of light is the same in all references. This tells me there is an absolute reference, since the speed of light is not relative, but it is the same for all. Theoretically, we should be able to turn any relative reference, into an absolute reference, by calculating the difference between that relative reference and the absolute speed of light reference. This will be a fix number for that relative reference, that places it in the hierarchy references.  A visual analogy is a fleet of boats being carried disorganized and blinded by a storm. Suddenly they all seeing the light house. They all suddenly know their position relative to the light house and therefore to each other.

Another analogy is sea level; C-level. Sea level is the same for all water references, whether the water be in nearby lakes, streams, rivers, clouds or snow caps of mountains. We can calculate the potential for each reference of water and will know that the water in clouds deviates the most from sea level in terms of the absolute hierarchy of water. In the case of relative reference, we will use C-level as the ground state, since this common to all, and as the ground state, it will give us a positive number for any relative reference.

What I also noticed years ago was the forces of nature all give off energy as they lower potential. The way of the universe is matter based references, generate energy as their potential lowers. Since energy is associated with the speed of light, the default of our universe is matter creating more and more speed of light reference, as it lowers potential. Or matter and relative reference are at highest potential since energy is a product of lowering potential. If energy is absorbed by matter, some ground state at C is removed, and the matter gains potential. This is why I called C-level the ground state of the universe; product of matter lowering potential like sea level.

This ground state assumption was also consistent with matter and antimatter only forming at highest photon energies. If we take away anti-matter, as the universe did, the matter starts at highest potential unable to convert directly to energy via antimatter annihilation. It now has to lower potential, piecemeal, with the lion's share of photons given off; ground state, not able to make any more matter from scratch.

The universal red shift causes photons to lower potential into less energetic photons. The red shift  is also going in the direction of the absolute ground state. Photons are not exactly in the ground state, even though they move at the speed of light. At the speed of light, special relativity reduces to a point-instant. If photons were in the true ground state of the speed of light, they should all look the same. They should not be any variety of photons. The variable wavelengths of photons is an inertial potential; finite, and not a speed of light reference affect. Photon bridge the two references.

If we take the universal red shift to the limit, the wavelength should approach infinite. This is the weakest photon, and could be used as a good first approximation for the universal ground at the speed of light. It has minimal inertial aspect.
Title: Re: Einstein, Relativity and light:
Post by: Kryptid on 17/05/2021 14:54:59
Relative reference can conflict with conservation of energy.

Conservation of energy holds within references frames, not between different reference frames.
Title: Re: Einstein, Relativity and light:
Post by: McQueen on 18/05/2021 08:07:12
They don't have "exactly similar properties". You said it yourself. Aether was thought to have no mass. Dark matter, on the other hand, does. Another difference is that aether would have permeated all of space, whereas dark matter is concentrated in some areas more than others. They are not the same thing.
Well this is a fairly, how should I put it, (dense?), statement. Has any thought been given to the size of the Universe? I don’t suppose it has, or such a statement would not have been possible.  As a matter of fact my own calculations for the individual components of dark matter is that each ‘virtual’ photon that makes up dark matter has an energy of about 10-40 joules. This gels beautifully with the fact that Dark matter is thought to constitute 85% of the matter in the Universe. 

          My theory  outlines the physical structure of photon. It states that since electrons are charged particles that are known to radiate energy, that they probably mediate their energy by emitting and absorbing ‘electric’ energy.  The way in which they do this is to emit short pulses of electric energy:
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          The emitted pulses of energy are polarized, with the initial pulses of electric energy being stronger than subsequent pulses of electric energy. This gives rise to a solenoid formation. The definition of a solenoid is that there no open loops of energy, all loops are closed loops. This gives the photon structure, because this is what these pulses of energy emitted by the electron form into.  The gaps between the pulses of energy give the photon structure a capacitor type of construction that enables the initial energy it is emitted with to be conserved.  The photon after emission is in a stable configuration:
(https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/0d0f/tk3au3xq63p39px4g.jpg) (https://www.mediafire.com/view/tk3au3xq63p39px/photonemission.jpg/file)
            The truly significant point of such a photon construction, is that it enables the electron to emit all frequencies and wavelengths of photons, absolutely naturally and to mediate its energy very precisely and efficiently. Also, the question of how can an atom that is only 10-10m is diameter absorb a photon that has a wavelength of  5.65x 10-9m. becomes immaterial. Such questions become immaterial because the emitted photon maintains exactly the same shape and energy as that with which it was emitted. At present there are weird theories that all the atoms in a surface co-operate when a photon is absorbed, ina kind of co-operative movement!
            The theory is that the whole of the Universe is permeated by such photons that were formed at the time of the Big Bang. After all there is almost a consensus that if there had been a Big Bang, there must have been light also. The photons that were emitted at the time of the Big Bang possess exactly the same structure as that of the photon described above but possess such low energy, on the order of 10-40 Joules, that they for all purposes can evade the conservation laws and have life times compared to that of the proton or electron.
           Therefore, according to this theory the whole of the Universe is permeated by these infinitesimal electric dipoles that are more or less fixed in place but enjoy 360 degrees of freedom. They are oriented at random until an electron emits a ‘real’ photon at which time the ‘virtual’ photons of the virtual photon field, line up in the direction of the emitted real photon and the energy of the emitted real photon travels along this line of aligned virtual photons, whose ends rest on infinity.
                 The existence of this ‘virtual’ photon aether, not only accounts for dark matter but also explains how light can spread out in keeping with the inverse square law, but also explains how each individual photon is able to maintain the energy with which it originally emitted. So that using monochromatic light it is possible to see the colour of light even after it has travelled great distances.
         And yes there are experiments that could quite easily identify this 'aether'. The aether in the form of what we hitherto bellieved to be electromagnetic fields are all around one even as one works at the computer. It is fairly certain that precise experiments could be devised.
Title: Re: Einstein, Relativity and light:
Post by: Bored chemist on 18/05/2021 08:35:52
As a matter of fact my own calculations for the individual components of dark matter is that each ‘virtual’ photon that makes up dark matter has an energy of about 10-40 joules. This gels beautifully with the fact that Dark matter is thought to constitute 85% of the matter in the Universe.
What stops them thermalising?
Title: Re: Einstein, Relativity and light:
Post by: Kryptid on 18/05/2021 14:21:17
Well this is a fairly, how should I put it, (dense?), statement.

How do you figure?

This gels beautifully with the fact that Dark matter is thought to constitute 85% of the matter in the Universe.

It doesn't. Dark matter accounts for only 27% of the Universe's mass: https://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/what-is-dark-energy#:~:text=But%20it%20is%20an%20important,than%205%25%20of%20the%20universe.

If you propose that dark matter is the same as an all-pervading aether, then how do you explain galaxies that don't have dark matter? https://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2020/12/01/galaxies-without-dark-matter-really-do-exist-new-study-shows-exactly-how/?sh=657e62aa5775
Title: Re: Einstein, Relativity and light:
Post by: McQueen on 18/05/2021 15:57:01
It doesn't. Dark matter accounts for only 27% of the Universe's mass:
If you propose that dark matter is the same as an all-pervading aether, then how do you explain galaxies that don't have dark matter?

                   I believe that the calculation regarding the mass of dark matter is done based on the existence of dark energy, which is a far more dodgy  subject than dark matter is. Dark matter has practical proof of existence in the rotation of galaxies.( See quote from wikipedia below). Whereas, all that dark energy has as proof, are calculations done using relativity equations of the Doppler shift, and faster than light premises. Whether, science has advanced enough to actually discern which galaxy millions or billions of light years away contains dark matter or not, is possible, especially when dark matter is difficult to detect in our own solar system, is anyone’s guess.  It’s really rather depressing that a discussion that should be multilateral and energized by diverse opinions is restricted to negative and/or spurious comments.
Quote
Dark matter is believed to be a form of matter thought to account for approximately 85% of the matter in the universe and about 27% of its total mass–energy density or about 2.241×10−27 kg/m3.  (Wikipedia article on dark matter.)


Title: Re: Einstein, Relativity and light:
Post by: Kryptid on 18/05/2021 16:45:13
 I believe that the calculation regarding the mass of dark matter is done based on the existence of dark energy

Can you supply a citation for this?
Title: Re: Einstein, Relativity and light:
Post by: Bored chemist on 18/05/2021 17:24:47
You seem to have missed this.
As a matter of fact my own calculations for the individual components of dark matter is that each ‘virtual’ photon that makes up dark matter has an energy of about 10-40 joules. This gels beautifully with the fact that Dark matter is thought to constitute 85% of the matter in the Universe.
What stops them thermalising?
Title: Re: Einstein, Relativity and light:
Post by: McQueen on 19/05/2021 04:56:49
What stops them thermalising?
It is an interesting question. It raises all kinds of question about how heat exchange takes place. From physical observation and other data, it is established that all such exchanges must take place through photon emission and  not through actual contact of any particles. Even if electrons do move around in a substance, in the final analysis the only way in which they can convey energy is through photon emission. When one speaks of vibrating molecules and atoms giving rise to heat, how much of this is true? Atoms are more than 99.9999999% empty space. So when we talk of atoms and molecules vibrating, what is vibrating? The   way in which I envision this dark matter or aether is as the fabric of the Universe that occupies every part of it, including matter itself. The individual ‘virtual’ photons that make up the aether are loosely linked together, this kind of linkage is what enables light and electromagnetic radiation to spread out according to the inverse square law. The point is that these virtual photons that permeate the whole of the Universe possess such low energy, that it is impossible to think of them as being involved in any kind of interaction with matter.  Further although optical wave lengths can propagate through this aether, radio-waves form waves in a different manner, being ‘composite waves’.  The aether serves as a conduit for energy transfer and not as the subject of energy transfer.
Title: Re: Einstein, Relativity and light:
Post by: CrazyScientist on 20/05/2021 10:43:30
When one speaks of vibrating molecules and atoms giving rise to heat, how much of this is true? Atoms are more than 99.9999999% empty space. So when we talk of atoms and molecules vibrating, what is vibrating?

It's not like we can describe atoms as tiny solar systems. Electrons are not tiny marbles orbiting the nucleus. The best way to describe an electron  cloud, is to treat it as a standing wave of probability distribution or function describing density of probability - and in an atom the probability of spotting an electron is pretty high compared to the space beyond that atom:

(https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/29194901.jpg)

Quote
The point is that these virtual photons that permeate the whole of the Universe possess such low energy, that it is impossible to think of them as being involved in any kind of interaction with matter.

But dark matter suppose to gravitationally interact with regular matter (making the outer regions of galaxies to rotate faster, than it is predicted without it) - so your concept of virtual photons being dark matter is self-contradictory.

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Further although optical wave lengths can propagate through this aether, radio-waves form waves in a different manner, being ‘composite waves’.

They are composite, when they are transmitting radio auditions, but in their "pure" form they don't differ from any other EM waves (except having a specific wavelenght).

Quote
The aether serves as a conduit for energy transfer and not as the subject of energy transfer.

What then is the difference between "virtual" photons and "normal" photons? Photons serve as a conduit for energy transfer and not as the subject of energy transfer - so they fit perfectly in such description. Besides this is again contraditing your statement, that:

Quote
The point is that these virtual photons that permeate the whole of the Universe possess such low energy, that it is impossible to think of them as being involved in any kind of interaction with matter.

In order to conduct energy between atoms, they would HAVE to interact with them in some way...
Title: Re: Einstein, Relativity and light:
Post by: puppypower on 20/05/2021 12:14:56
The observed movement and/or conduction of energy, from hot to cold surfaces, is based on direction of available of energy states for the photons.  For example, if we had an excited hydrogen atom, photons connected to lower energy levels, have no place to go, due to the quantum nature of energy and the electron already too high in energy.

The hydrogen would first have to lower energy levels, to provide a sweet spot for the lower energy photon to interact. We could shine the cooler light onto the hot and excited hydrogen atom, so we know it is touching, but no absorption affect will be observed, since there is no place to absorb. This can only happen if the hydrogen is in a cooler state, that can be excited.

If we start with higher energy photons, than the excited state of the hydrogen atom, the photon has a place to go by inducing even higher energy levels of the hydrogen. We see this experimentally as energy moving for hot to cold, even though cold to hot is interacting; knocking on the door, it unable to conduct due to no place to go. There is an on-off quantum switch with "on" in the direction of hot to cold. 

There is another consideration. Clocks will propagate time faster or slower based on relativity. This leaves a permanent change to the time reading on the clock. Although clock time reading will change in a permanent way, distance contraction is fully reversible. For example, a clock may appear distance contracted, due to relativity, with its time running slow. This distance change will reverse if we return to the original reference. Time, via the clock, undergoes a permanent change; lost time is not reversible.

What that tells me, is the red shift of the universe is more than likely caused by an accumulative time shift, with distance following as a passive/reactive variable, since distance is pliable but reversible.  The distance or wavelength will follow the permanent change in time so the product of wavelength and frequency* is the speed of light.

Physics theory tends to place wavelength first; Doppler shift, but this is a passive/reactive variable in terms of relativity. This bias appears to come from the concept of space-time, setting the order of priority; space before time. Maybe if we think in terms of time-space, to set the correct priority; active variable leads, many questions can be answered, such as the propagation of energy.

This hierarchy ; time leading distance, makes sense based on the tools used. We measure distance with a meter stick, which is a passive device; no batteries required. The clock, on the other hand, is a dynamic tool that uses an energy source. Fluctuations in the clocks energy flow, in time, will change the rate of the clock's propagation in time.

One way to prove this connection to of time to energy is to unplug the clock from its energy supply and run the same clock experiment. The loss of power will make it a passive tool, like the meter stick. My prediction is the time on the clock will stay the same, like the meter stick, when they both return to where it began. 

If we go back to the flow of heat from hot to cold, due to available energy states only in the cold direction, the photons will only have access to an "atomic power supply", in one direction; hotter to colder. These photons can undergo a time perturbation, due to the matter clock of the atom, if and when the atom is involved with relativity.


Title: Re: Einstein, Relativity and light:
Post by: Bored chemist on 20/05/2021 13:05:25
Further although optical wave lengths can propagate through this aether, radio-waves form waves in a different manner, being ‘composite waves’
No, they do not.
Title: Re: Einstein, Relativity and light:
Post by: Bored chemist on 20/05/2021 13:05:44
The observed movement and/or conduction of energy, from hot to cold surfaces, is based on direction of available of energy states for the photons.  For example, if we had an excited hydrogen atom, photons connected to lower energy levels, have no place to go, due to the quantum nature of energy and the electron already too high in energy.

The hydrogen would first have to lower energy levels, to provide a sweet spot for the lower energy photon to interact. We could shine the cooler light onto the hot and excited hydrogen atom, so we know it is touching, but no absorption affect will be observed, since there is no place to absorb. This can only happen if the hydrogen is in a cooler state, that can be excited.

If we start with higher energy photons, than the excited state of the hydrogen atom, the photon has a place to go by inducing even higher energy levels of the hydrogen. We see this experimentally as energy moving for hot to cold, even though cold to hot is interacting; knocking on the door, it unable to conduct due to no place to go. There is an on-off quantum switch with "on" in the direction of hot to cold. 

There is another consideration. Clocks will propagate time faster or slower based on relativity. This leaves a permanent change to the time reading on the clock. Although clock time reading will change in a permanent way, distance contraction is fully reversible. For example, a clock may appear distance contracted, due to relativity, with its time running slow. This distance change will reverse if we return to the original reference. Time, via the clock, undergoes a permanent change; lost time is not reversible.

What that tells me, is the red shift of the universe is more than likely caused by an accumulative time shift, with distance following as a passive/reactive variable, since distance is pliable but reversible.  The distance or wavelength will follow the permanent change in time so the product of wavelength and frequency* is the speed of light.

Physics theory tends to place wavelength first; Doppler shift, but this is a passive/reactive variable in terms of relativity. This bias appears to come from the concept of space-time, setting the order of priority; space before time. Maybe if we think in terms of time-space, to set the correct priority; active variable leads, many questions can be answered, such as the propagation of energy.

This hierarchy ; time leading distance, makes sense based on the tools used. We measure distance with a meter stick, which is a passive device; no batteries required. The clock, on the other hand, is a dynamic tool that uses an energy source. Fluctuations in the clocks energy flow, in time, will change the rate of the clock's propagation in time.

One way to prove this connection to of time to energy is to unplug the clock from its energy supply and run the same clock experiment. The loss of power will make it a passive tool, like the meter stick. My prediction is the time on the clock will stay the same, like the meter stick, when they both return to where it began. 

If we go back to the flow of heat from hot to cold, due to available energy states only in the cold direction, the photons will only have access to an "atomic power supply", in one direction; hotter to colder. These photons can undergo a time perturbation, due to the matter clock of the atom, if and when the atom is involved with relativity.



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