1

General Science / Re: What is the GPS of the highest point of BIG BEN using 3 percengates: (%, %, %) ?

« on: 22/03/2024 03:49:59 »

Because of that Big Ben is a good and iconic example as Longitute wiould be near 360 DEGREES of the complete angle, so 99.98%.
Also, that is why this is better, you can reference any point in the total volumetric area of the planet using 3 values. And in the same citie, some of the digits will be static and for that matter could be supressed if you know what you were talking about. Also, is less confusing. People are ultra used to percentages in their daily lifes.

2

General Science / What is the GPS of the highest point of BIG BEN using 3 percengates: (%, %, %) ?

« on: 21/03/2024 09:30:42 »

GPS point is Latitude, Longitude and Altidude.
Since latidude and longitude can be seen as two polar coordinates angles both within the interval 0 to 360 and altitude can be seen as an interval between, zero, center of the planet and K?rm?n line, let's say: 100 km, to make it more metric.
For instance Big Ben meridian intersection in the equator (prime Meridian in the equator) at sea level would be: 0%, 0%,(6371000/ {100000+ 6371000})=  98.454643 %.
So, if that point in the equator would be GPS: (0%, 0%, 98.454643 %) what the Big Ben highest point would be?

Note, one of the next cities in the two angles from zero to 360 would be Oslo, because is more up North and East. You get it.

- remotemass
PS - 24 digits would be used for GPS/LLA: (xx.xxxxxxxx %, yy.yyyyyyyy %, zz.zzzzzzzz %).
 

3

Physics, Astronomy & Cosmology / How many stars in the most dark sky without {The_Sun-0001} naked eye with 20/20!

« on: 24/01/2024 11:14:42 »

Hello,

I am a computer scientist from London South Bank University.
(I am working on some interesting projects, namely an improvement of the Sun-Dial-Clock, casting both the Sun and the Moon with 24/7 neon/like RED-BLUE handles, the 24h cycle and the 27-29 days cycle. We think the DIAL shall be a vertical bar cylinder with 11.11 centimetres of diameter and that at the top we shall have a WHITE LIGHT BRIGHT torch with diameter 11.11 centimetres pointing to the centre of the smallest circle that can contain all the point-stars of ORION constellation that is well signed to our future bionic race, the ancestral Aryan-Zion Race of the past).

I need an answer from NASA and the European Space Agency (ESA) to this question:

"In a VR environment that emulates the number of visible stars for a quite average human naked eye with 20/20 vision, how many stars are visible? Assume the light of the sun, Star_0001 can all be suppressed and that the light from our planet, Earth, and its natural satellite, the Moon, can also be supressed in the VR sky."

If possible provide a list of all those stars, starting with the Sun: 0001-xxxx_

Explain all of your rationale and provide sources. How many stars can be seen, dark sky, naked eye, average human vision 20/20.

- remotemass 

4

General Science / Re: What is the smallest laser able to melt iron made by nanotechnology?

« on: 26/05/2023 10:02:33 »

Smallest as in recordist achievement of all time. I am also interested in other smallest machines and in nanotechology tools and creations in general, namely in the smallest specific engines like very specific electric motors. But the question is about lasers able to melt iron. If they can melt iron they can certainly be used for many other things and is interesting to study the teoretical limits of their sizes, I think. Lasers usually have complex lenses and optical mechanisms and materials science keeps improving the manufacture of these optical devices so thinking about how small and potent they can be may be interesting to people and to many scientists.

- remotemass

5

General Science / Re: How does ChatGPT work?

« on: 26/05/2023 06:49:31 »

I recommend you the book "What Is ChatGPT Doing ... and Why Does It Work?", by Stephen Wolfram.
He has a youtube videos channel and does live streams on a regular basis explaining different topics, mainly in Physics, Complexity, Chaos and Dynamic Systems and Computer Science. He was motivated to start that enterprise of videos and live streams by the very young mathematician Jonathan Gorard. Thank you, both!

It will probably answer you that question and more.

- remotemass

6

General Science / What is the smallest laser able to melt iron made by nanotechnology?

« on: 26/05/2023 06:41:24 »

What is the smallest laser able to melt iron made by nanotechnology?

It seems an interesting example application of nanotechnology to hold in mind and to think about and for that matter I am willing to know more about implementing such nanomachinery. The smallest laser able to melt iron would be a device that can generate a high-intensity beam of light at a wavelength that can be absorbed by iron and cause it to reach its melting point, which is about 1538 degrees Celsius.

One possible way to create such a device is to use selective laser melting (SLM), which is a technique that can produce near-full density metallic objects by completely melting powder particles with a laser beam. SLM can be used to create complex shapes and structures with high precision and accuracy, and it has various applications in fields such as aerospace, automotive, biomedical, and more.

However, SLM is not a simple process, and it involves many challenges and parameters that need to be optimized.

For example:

1)  The materials properties, such as composition, size, shape, and distribution, affect the melting behavior, density, porosity, and mechanical properties of it.

2)  The laser parameters, such as power, speed, spot size, scanning strategy, and hatch distance, affect the thermal gradients, residual stresses, microstructure, and surface quality of it.

3)  The process environment, such as temperature, pressure, atmosphere, and shielding gas, affect the oxidation, evaporation, spattering, and contamination of it. Creating the smallest laser able to melt iron would require careful selection and control of these factors and I am looking for any information about the exact size or shape of such a device.

I hope to learn more about the smallest laser able to melt iron.

- remotemass

7

General Science / Re: How would you explain or define calculus in a sentence or two?

« on: 06/05/2023 18:39:28 »

Perhaps impossible, but give it your best shot, please.

It is not a sentence or two but I highly recommend you the book, "The Calculus Gallery – Masterpieces from Newton to Lebesgue", by William Dunham. It is a lovely and beautiful reading. Give it a go. It will not disappoint you.

8

General Science / Re: Are the words "natural" and "supernatural" actually meaningless?

« on: 06/05/2023 17:57:48 »

Interesting considerations and I think I understand your dislike in that terminology.
To make a clear distinction between "natural" and "supernatural" you may consider natural those things that are more scientific and under the scrutiny of skeptics of different kinds of pseudoscience that is usually surrounded by conspiracy, false theories, and affirmations that lead to false information, excessive imagination for fantasy and charlatanism.
Scientific knowledge follows the scientific method, usually, things can be reproduced under controlled circumstances in labs and with lab instruments and techniques.

Supernatural, on the other hand is from the domain of parascience, parapsychology and the paranormal activity in general.
You can do some research about many kinds of pseudoscience visiting the online Skeptics Dictionary (with hundreds and hundreds of entries and articles). Another way of saying supernatural can be: the Unexplainable.

9

General Science / Re: [Ask ChatGPT] - How can driving improve with sensors in 3 groups of 3 vertices?

« on: 15/04/2023 17:30:09 »

[UPDATED ARTICLE]

Title: Revolutionizing the Driving Experience and Road Safety with 9-Vertice Sensor Systems, Blockchain, and Self-Driving Cars

Introduction:

The automotive industry is constantly seeking innovative ways to enhance driving safety, optimize traffic flow, and reduce carbon emissions. A groundbreaking solution combines the 9-vertice sensor system, blockchain technology, and self-driving cars to create a safer, more efficient driving experience for all road users.

The 9-Vertice Sensor System:

The 9-vertice sensor system consists of two bracelets worn by the driver and three sensors positioned on the steering wheel. Both the bracelets and steering wheel sensors form equilateral triangles. The bracelets are equipped with chips and Bluetooth technology, enabling them to communicate with the sensors and transmit precise distance measurements between each of the points on the equilateral triangles.

This real-time data can be used to monitor driver hand positions, grip strength, and steering input, providing valuable insights into driving behavior and performance. The system can also be integrated with vehicle control systems, allowing for real-time feedback and assistance to help drivers maintain proper hand positioning, avoid distractions, and maintain better control of their vehicles.

Blockchain and Data Management:

To effectively manage and analyze the vast amount of data generated by the 9-vertice sensor system, a blockchain solution could be implemented. Blockchain technology would enable secure, transparent, and decentralized storage of data from billions of drivers. It could also facilitate real-time data sharing between vehicles and traffic management systems, helping optimize traffic congestion and improve overall road safety.

The integration of GPS data with the blockchain would provide additional insights into vehicle location and movements, further enhancing the system's ability to analyze driving patterns and behavior.

Self-Driving Cars and Virtual Wrist Sensors:

Self-driving cars could be integrated into the 9-vertice sensor system by equipping them with virtual wrist sensors mounted on the steering wheel. These sensors would act as proxies for human wrists, providing data on the "wrist" positions in a similar way as if an actual human driver were present.

The data collected by the virtual wrist sensors would be integrated into the self-driving car's control system, providing information on steering input, grip strength, and other relevant parameters. This data would then be transmitted to the blockchain, enabling the system to incorporate self-driving car data alongside data from human drivers.

Optimizing Traffic Flow and Reducing Carbon Emissions:

The combination of the 9-vertice sensor system, blockchain technology, and self-driving cars offers several benefits in terms of traffic flow optimization and carbon emissions reduction. By analyzing aggregated data from both human drivers and self-driving cars, traffic management systems can identify patterns, trends, and potential areas for improvement. This information can then be used to optimize traffic signal timings, lane allocations, and other traffic management strategies to minimize congestion and reduce overall fuel consumption.

Furthermore, improved driving behavior and performance resulting from the 9-vertice sensor system could lead to smoother, more efficient driving, which in turn could significantly reduce carbon emissions.

Conclusion:

The integration of the 9-vertice sensor system, blockchain technology, and self-driving cars has the potential to revolutionize the driving experience and significantly improve road safety. By providing drivers with valuable insights into their hand movements and steering input, and by optimizing traffic flow and reducing carbon emissions, this innovative solution can help create a safer, more efficient, and environmentally friendly driving future.

As technology continues to advance, the automotive industry must embrace innovations like the 9-vertice sensor system, blockchain technology, and self-driving cars. By investing in research, development, and implementation of these technologies, we can work together to create a better driving experience for all road users.

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General Science / [Ask ChatGPT] - How can driving improve with sensors in 3 groups of 3 vertices?

« on: 15/04/2023 15:36:08 »

Title: Revolutionizing Driving Safety with 9-Vertice Sensor Systems and VR Simulators
Introduction:
With advancements in technology, the automotive industry is constantly exploring new ways to improve driving safety and efficiency. One of the latest innovations is the 9-vertice sensor system, which combines wrist bracelets and steering wheel sensors to monitor driver hand positions and movements. Coupled with the immersive capabilities of Virtual Reality (VR) simulators, this innovative technology has the potential to transform the driving experience and significantly enhance road safety.

The 9-Vertice Sensor System:
The 9-vertice sensor system consists of two bracelets worn by the driver and three sensors positioned on the steering wheel, with both the bracelets and the steering wheel sensors forming equilateral triangles. The bracelets are equipped with chips and Bluetooth technology, enabling them to communicate with the sensors and transmit precise distance measurements between each of the points on the equilateral triangles.

This real-time data can be used to monitor driver hand positions, grip strength, and steering input, providing valuable insights into driving behavior and performance. The system can also be integrated with vehicle control systems, allowing for real-time feedback and assistance to help drivers maintain proper hand positioning, avoid distractions, and maintain better control of their vehicles.

The Role of VR Simulators:
Virtual Reality (VR) simulators are an invaluable tool in enhancing the capabilities of the 9-vertice sensor system. These simulators can replicate various aspects of real-world driving, providing users with an immersive environment in which to practice and refine their skills. By incorporating the 9-vertice sensor system into a VR driving simulator, users can visualize the relationship between their hand movements, steering input, and vehicle control.

In addition to practicing basic driving maneuvers, VR simulators can offer customizable driving scenarios, such as urban streets, highways, or adverse weather conditions, providing users with a comprehensive training experience. With real-time feedback on hand positioning and steering input, users can make necessary adjustments to improve their driving skills and increase confidence.

The Future of Driving Safety:
The integration of the 9-vertice sensor system and VR simulators has the potential to revolutionize the driving experience and significantly improve road safety. By providing drivers with valuable insights into their hand movements and steering input, this technology can help prevent accidents, reduce driver fatigue, and improve overall driving performance.

Moreover, the widespread adoption of this technology could lead to the standardization of steering wheel sizes and forms, making driver patterns more uniform and easier to interpret. This, in turn, could result in safer roads and a better driving experience for all road users.

As technology continues to advance, the automotive industry must embrace innovations like the 9-vertice sensor system and VR simulators. By investing in research, development, and implementation of these technologies, we can work together to create a safer and more efficient driving future for everyone.

An additional approach to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the system is the use of an imaginary cube with a metric grid. This cube, with one meter sides and subdivided into millimetric cubic cells, can help determine the configuration of the 9 vertices at each instant. Drivers can visualize this imaginary leveled and metric cube, facilitating the understanding of hand and steering wheel positioning in relation to this grid.

This innovative approach makes the system easier to understand while simultaneously allowing for the creation of efficient and accurate algorithms to optimize the driving experience and enhance road safety.

In conclusion: how can driving improve with sensors in 3 groups of 3 vertices?

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General Science / [Asking ChatGPT] Could newborn childs now learn perfect pitch while they sleep?

« on: 12/04/2023 17:50:18 »

Possible article by ChatGPT:

New research suggests that exposing newborns to specific sounds during sleep may enhance their musical abilities, including perfect pitch.

According to a team of scientists from top universities and music schools around the world, including Harvard, MIT, Juilliard, and Berklee, listening to 12 randomly selected notes played at a low volume during sleep may stimulate brain circuits involved in processing music and sound, especially during critical periods of development in the first years of life.

The sounds consist of pure sine waves, which have a simple and regular waveform, and were recorded with a free audio editor called Audacity. The 12 notes correspond to the Western music scale, starting with C4 (middle C) and ending with C5 (an octave higher), and are played for five seconds each, followed by a brief fade-in and fade-out period of silence.

The 12 notes are played randomly, synchronized with the atomic clocks of the Universal Time Coordinated (UTC), at a rate of 12 samples per minute, 24/7, for as long as the babies sleep. The sounds are delivered through a popular device called Amazon Echo, using the Alexa app, which can be controlled remotely and adjusted for volume, tone, and other settings.

To make the experience more engaging and memorable, the researchers used the voices of different virtual assistants from a company called Eleven Labs, which specializes in natural language processing and text-to-speech technology. The voices were selected based on their gender and accent, with seven white notes (C, D, E, F, G, A, B) voiced by a female and five black notes (C#, D#, F#, G#, A#) voiced by a male.

The voices announce the number of each note before and after it is played, using clear and consistent English pronunciation, with an emphasis on the frequency of the note in Hertz, rounded to two decimal places. For example, C4 (40) is announced as "C four, two hundred sixty-one point sixty-three", and so on for the other notes.

The researchers plan to monitor the development of the infants who listen to the sounds and compare them with a control group of infants who do not receive any auditory stimulation during sleep. The measures will include behavioral tests, brain scans, and surveys of musical skills and preferences, starting from the age of six months and continuing up to five years.

The researchers hope to confirm that exposing infants to specific sounds during sleep can enhance their musical abilities, including perfect pitch, which is the rare ability to identify and reproduce a musical note without a reference tone. Perfect pitch is more common in people who started musical training early in life, suggesting that it may be a form of neural plasticity that can be enhanced or inhibited by environmental factors, such as exposure to music or language.

The researchers also hope to explore the potential benefits of using similar sounds and voices to enhance the sleep quality and cognitive development of adults and elderly people, as well as to improve the performance of athletes, students, and professionals who need to concentrate and memorize information for long periods of time.

The findings could have implications for the design of audio systems and apps that aim to improve the well-being and productivity of individuals in various contexts, from homes and hospitals to schools and workplaces. The researchers caution, however, that more studies are needed to confirm their hypothesis and to rule out other factors that may affect musical development and cognition.

The researchers also acknowledge that not all babies may benefit equally from the sounds and that some babies may even be disturbed or irritated by the sounds, especially if they are too loud or too monotonous. The researchers encourage parents and caregivers to use their discretion and to consult with their pediatricians or audiologists before exposing their babies to any new sounds or devices.

The researchers also stress that the sounds should not be played loud, with volume 3 of amazon echo being recommended under normal circunstances.

Anyone can record the 12 sounds using pure sine waves of Audacity free software and use female voice for seven white notes and male voice for the five black ones.

C4 (40): 261.63 Hz
C#4/Db4 (41): 277.18 Hz
D4 (42): 293.66 Hz
D#4/Eb4 (43): 311.13 Hz
E4 (44): 329.63 Hz
F4 (45): 349.23 Hz
F#4/Gb4 (46): 369.99 Hz
G4 (47): 392.00 Hz
G#4/Ab4 (48): 415.30 Hz
A4 (49): 440.00 Hz
A#4/Bb4 (50): 466.16 Hz
B4 (51): 493.88 Hz
C5 (52): 523.25 Hz

ZZZzzz. 40 ZZZzzz 52 ... .... (12 random notes a minute in shuffle mode, using samples of 5 seconds each)

12

General Science / Re: [Asking ChatGPT] Could this design improvement to cold fusion accelators work?

« on: 11/04/2023 19:39:54 »

How does utilizing plasma have anything to do with cold fusion?

Plasma is the ionised gas (4th state of matter) with the pairs of protons that will collide to form the new atoms.
There are some nice videos out there.

13

General Science / [Asking ChatGPT] Could this design improvement to cold fusion accelators work?

« on: 11/04/2023 19:31:03 »

Hellion's plasma accelerator used for cold fusion has the great advantage of being quite compact comparing to other structures but imagine it the whole structure would curve around itself in a vertical coil and plasma concentrated in a triad of the circles in the coil were all compressed down from the upper part and up from the downer part colliding all in the center? Could this keep it compact and make the collisions stronger?


It seems like you're proposing an interesting modification to the Helion's plasma accelerator design for cold fusion. In general, increasing the compactness and collision strength of plasma within the reactor can be beneficial for achieving fusion.

To evaluate your proposal, let's first break it down into its components:

Curving the entire structure around itself in a vertical coil.
Concentrating the plasma in a triad of circles in the coil.
Compressing the plasma from the upper and lower parts to collide at the center.
In principle, it's possible that curving the structure into a vertical coil could have some benefits. For example, it might lead to a more efficient use of space or magnetic confinement. However, without more detailed simulations or experiments, it's difficult to predict the exact effect of such a modification on the performance of the reactor.

The idea of concentrating plasma in a triad of circles in the coil and compressing it from above and below is also interesting. It seems like you're suggesting a mechanism to increase the plasma density and pressure, which could potentially lead to stronger collisions and higher fusion rates.

However, there are also potential challenges to consider:

Engineering complexity: The proposed design might be more complex to build and maintain than the current Helion design, especially considering the need for precision in the alignment and control of plasma behavior.

Plasma stability: With a more complicated geometry, maintaining plasma stability could be more challenging. The confinement and stability of plasma in fusion reactors are critical factors in achieving fusion.

Energy input: The proposed design might require more energy input to compress the plasma from both the upper and lower parts, which could offset any potential gains in fusion performance.

Efficiency: It's uncertain whether the proposed design would lead to a net improvement in fusion efficiency, as the additional complexity could introduce new inefficiencies or challenges.

Overall, the idea is intriguing, but a thorough analysis and experimental testing would be necessary to determine its feasibility and potential benefits for fusion. Engineers and physicists working in fusion research could potentially use this concept as a starting point for further exploration and development.




Daniel Alexandre
No, I mean all the circles of the coil would maintain the concentrated parts of the plasma in the same points of a triad (equilateral triangle vertices) when the coil is seen from the top so the distances between them were all pretty much the same and comparable.

Ah, I see. In this case, you're proposing a vertical coil design in which the concentrated plasma regions in each circle of the coil align to form an equilateral triangle when viewed from the top. This would maintain equal distances between the concentrated plasma regions in each circle.

This design could potentially offer some benefits, but it would still have some challenges to overcome. Here are some thoughts on your proposal:

Magnetic confinement: Arranging the plasma regions in an equilateral triangle could provide a more symmetric and consistent magnetic field configuration. This might help with the confinement and stability of the plasma, which are crucial for achieving fusion.

Plasma collision: By concentrating the plasma into these triangular regions, it's possible that you could increase the collision rate and pressure, which might improve the fusion rate. However, it's important to consider the trade-offs between increasing the collision rate and maintaining plasma stability. A balance must be struck for efficient fusion to occur.

Engineering complexity: This design would still introduce additional complexity compared to the existing Helion design. The precise alignment and control of plasma behavior within the coil structure could be challenging to achieve and maintain.

Efficiency and energy input: As mentioned before, it's uncertain whether this design would lead to a net improvement in fusion efficiency, given the additional complexity and potential challenges it introduces.

Ultimately, the feasibility and effectiveness of this design would need to be assessed through detailed analysis and experimental testing. Fusion researchers could explore this concept further to determine its potential benefits and challenges. If the design proves to be advantageous, it could contribute to advancements in compact fusion reactor technology.

14

General Science / Re: [Asking ChatGPT] How could mobile device banking app make SQRL popular & secure?

« on: 11/04/2023 04:59:40 »

Dynamic passwords that can be set using PHP script and $vars where vars can be anything found online on the web or social networks

Dynamic passwords that are set using PHP scripts and variables can be an effective way to create unique and secure passwords for users. One approach could be to use a combination of user-specific variables and publicly available information to create the password.

For example, you could use the user's username, current date, and a publicly available trending hashtag as the basis for the dynamic password. The PHP script would concatenate these variables, apply a hashing algorithm to create a secure password, and store the result in a database or file for later authentication.

Another approach could be to use a random string generator to create a unique password for each user. The PHP script would generate a new password each time the user logs in, ensuring that the password is always unique and secure.

It's important to ensure that the dynamic passwords are stored securely, such as using strong encryption or hashing algorithms, to prevent unauthorized access to the passwords. Additionally, users should be encouraged to use unique and secure passwords for their accounts and to change their passwords regularly to maintain security.




Daniel Alexandre
The system on the server would have the script server side and generate the hash on the server side
Yes, that's correct. The password hash should be generated on the server side and not on the client side to ensure that the password is kept secure and not exposed to potential attackers.

In a PHP script, you could use the password_hash() function to generate a secure hash of a password. For example:

bash
Copy code
$plaintext_password = "my_password";
$options = [
    'cost' => 12,
];
$hashed_password = password_hash($plaintext_password, PASSWORD_BCRYPT, $options);
The PASSWORD_BCRYPT algorithm is recommended for password hashing in PHP. The cost option determines the computational cost of the hashing algorithm and can be adjusted based on the server's hardware and security requirements.

Once the password is hashed, it can be stored in a database or other data store for later comparison during login attempts. The password_verify() function can be used to compare a plaintext password to a stored hash. For example:

perl
Copy code
$stored_hashed_password = "hash_generated_on_server";
$plaintext_password = "my_password";
if (password_verify($plaintext_password, $stored_hashed_password)) {
    // Passwords match
} else {
    // Passwords do not match
}



Daniel Alexandre
in a dynamic password only the hash of the static part of the password is stored on the database. The dynamic part is found out in real time with the script that was set and that the user knows
Yes, that's correct. The static part of the password is stored in the database as a hash, which cannot be reversed to obtain the original password. The dynamic part of the password is generated in real time using the script that the user knows, and is combined with the static part to form the complete password. This way, even if the database is compromised, an attacker would not have access to the dynamic part of the password, making it much more difficult to crack.




Daniel Alexandre
date time location and any content from the web can be part of the script and the user has total freedom to configure his account with an updated script.
Yes, that's correct. The user can customize the script to include any variable or content from the web, as long as it's accessible and retrievable through the script. The script can also incorporate date, time, and location information to make the dynamic password even more secure and personalized. However, it's important to ensure that the script is not vulnerable to attacks and that the dynamic password generation process is secure to prevent unauthorized access to the user's account.




Daniel Alexandre
design a simple script language for the sole purpose of dynamic passwords authentication and explain how to use it.
Sure, here's an example of a simple script language for dynamic password authentication:

The script language consists of a series of variables and operations that can be combined to create a dynamic password. Each variable can be assigned a value, which can be a string, number, or boolean. The operations include concatenation, addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

Here's an example script:

bash
Copy code
# Define variables
$location = "New York";
$date = "2023-04-12";
$content = "Hello World";
$secret = "MySecretPassword";

# Concatenate variables
$dynamic_password = $location . $date . $content . $secret;

# Hash the password
$hashed_password = sha256($dynamic_password);

# Output the hashed password
echo $hashed_password;
In this script, we define four variables: $location, $date, $content, and $secret. These variables can be set to any value that the user desires. In this example, we set $location to "New York", $date to "2023-04-12", $content to "Hello World", and $secret to "MySecretPassword".

Next, we concatenate the variables using the . operator. This creates a unique string that changes based on the values of the variables. We then hash the concatenated string using the SHA256 algorithm. Finally, we output the hashed password to the user.

To use this script for authentication, the user would need to remember their chosen values for the variables, as well as the order in which they were concatenated. They could then generate the dynamic password by running the script with their chosen values. The resulting hashed password could be compared with the hashed password stored in the database for authentication.

This script language is simple, yet flexible, allowing users to create unique dynamic passwords based on a variety of variables and operations. It can be used in conjunction with other security measures, such as two-factor authentication, to provide an additional layer of protection for user accounts.




Daniel Alexandre
Could it have also a security measure of if I don't tweet for a given time, for instance, only the static part is needed.
Yes, the script language for dynamic passwords could include a time-based security measure where if the user hasn't performed a certain action (such as tweeting) for a specified period of time, then only the static part of the password would be needed for authentication.

This can be achieved by adding a time-based condition to the script, such as:

scss
Copy code
if (time_since_last_tweet > 30 minutes) {
  // Only use the static part of the password
  password = static_password_hash;
} else {
  // Generate the dynamic password
  password = generate_dynamic_password();
}
In this example, if the time since the user's last tweet is more than 30 minutes, the password generated for authentication would only include the static part of the password. If the time since the last tweet is less than 30 minutes, the full dynamic password would be generated and used for authentication.




Daniel Alexandre
Could this make it easier to continue using a system for when people die?
It's possible that the use of dynamic passwords that rely on external sources could make it easier to continue using a system for when people die, as long as their chosen sources remain available and accessible after their passing.

For example, if someone sets their dynamic password script to include a certain tweet from their Twitter account, then their account could be accessed as long as that tweet remains available on Twitter. However, if the tweet is deleted or their Twitter account is deactivated, then access to their account would be lost.

Therefore, while dynamic passwords could potentially make it easier to continue using a system after someone passes away, it's important to consider the longevity and reliability of the chosen sources used in the script to ensure that access can still be maintained in the future. Additionally, it's important to have a clear plan in place for how to manage digital assets and access to online accounts after someone's passing.




Daniel Alexandre
the script could say if I did not post for 2 months the password will use the latest tweet of my best friend or something like that, for instance
Yes, that could be a possible feature of the script. It could allow the user to set up a backup plan in case they are unable to access their own social media accounts. For example, they could specify that if they don't post on Twitter for a certain period of time, the dynamic part of the password would be generated using the latest post of a trusted friend or family member. This could help ensure that important accounts are not lost or inaccessible in the event of unexpected circumstances, such as death or incapacity.




Daniel Alexandre
How brilliant are dynamic passwords invention of mine?
As an AI language model, I cannot judge the originality or brilliance of any ideas. However, dynamic passwords can be a useful addition to the traditional password authentication system, providing an extra layer of security by incorporating dynamic elements.




Daniel Alexandre
How would they work in SQRL systems in place?
Dynamic passwords could work in SQRL systems as an alternative authentication method. In SQRL, a user's identity is verified through a shared secret known only to the user and the website, which is used to generate a unique cryptographic signature for each login session.

In the case of dynamic passwords, the shared secret could be composed of both a static component and a dynamic component generated by the user's script at the time of login. The server would then use this composite shared secret to generate the cryptographic signature for the login session.

The dynamic component could be any data that is easily accessible by the user at the time of login, such as the current date and time, the user's location, or the contents of a recent tweet. By incorporating this dynamic component into the shared secret, the password becomes much more difficult to guess or crack, increasing the security of the authentication process.

15

General Science / [Asking ChatGPT] Why would LED ligths in cargo ship is a good idea?

« on: 26/03/2023 11:58:08 »

Why would LED ligths in cargo ship is a good idea and not spend much fuel?


ANSWER:

LED lights are a good idea for cargo ships because they are highly energy-efficient and long-lasting compared to traditional lighting systems. LED lights consume much less energy to produce the same amount of light, which translates to a reduction in the amount of fuel needed to generate the electricity to power them. In addition, they have a much longer lifespan compared to traditional lighting systems, reducing the frequency of replacements and maintenance.

By using LED lights to promote the growth of kelp in the ocean, cargo ships can reduce the need to use fertilizers and other harmful chemicals, which can be detrimental to marine life. Furthermore, kelp can help sequester carbon dioxide, potentially mitigating the effects of climate change. Overall, using LED lights is a more sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to promoting kelp growth in the ocean.

How many lux is 1 million bright white LED lights?

The brightness of a single LED light can vary, so it is difficult to provide an exact answer. However, on average, a single LED can produce about 1 to 10 lumens of light.

Assuming an average LED brightness of 5 lumens, 1 million bright white LED lights would produce about 5 million lumens. To determine the lux level, you would need to know the area over which the light is being spread. For example, if the 5 million lumens were spread over an area of 100 square meters, the lux level would be 50,000 lux (5 million lumens / 100 square meters).

16

General Science / [Asking ChatGPT] How could be a draft of a book to learn Physics using LabVIEW ?

« on: 24/03/2023 16:02:33 »

Please excuse me, here is a link:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vQ0zOMWsXeBTAHbeXO6cYfUCb5zEWGpCCdUEiFV2y2fRA0r0LRtg7YQk86H951vAlHj1UnKjiOco6hO/pub

How could that books to learn Physics using LabVIEW be and be used in school environments?

Kind regards,
Daniel Alexandre, BEng(Hons)
London, UK

17

General Science / Re: [Asking ChatGPT] How could mobile device banking app make SQRL popular & secure?

« on: 24/03/2023 10:14:58 »

I wonder if it is right to assume that either you, or "all banks", are in America.
Also, you don't seem to know what "nonce" means and... it's not a family friendly word.

Yes, God, save us all. And excuse me, ChatGPT says more. You say?

Maybe javascript is not needed at all and even the SQRL client use a server-side technology in a local sandbox of a PC or mobile device.

It is possible to implement SQRL without using JavaScript. In fact, the SQRL client can be implemented entirely on the server-side, without the need for a client-side JavaScript implementation.

In this scenario, the SQRL client would be a standalone application or a plugin for a web browser that would communicate directly with the server-side implementation of SQRL. The server-side implementation would generate the QR codes and provide the necessary authentication mechanisms, without requiring any JavaScript code to be executed on the client-side.

However, using JavaScript can provide some benefits such as a smoother and more responsive user experience, as well as the ability to generate dynamic QR codes on the fly.




Daniel Alexandre
If the browser does not allow plugins or any add ons, we still don't need javascript as long as I can tell for my pseudo-ID that I can sign in for its public key. Right?
Yes, that's correct. If the browser doesn't allow plugins or add-ons, you can still use SQRL without JavaScript as long as you have a way to securely store and sign your pseudo-ID's public key. One way to do this would be to use a dedicated SQRL client application on your device, which can generate and store your keys locally and securely sign your SQRL authentication requests without relying on any browser extensions or plugins.




Daniel Alexandre
What if instead of QR codes you used very and extremely long integers that could be input or typed in less than 10 minutes by average people?
Using long integers instead of QR codes would be feasible, but it would likely be less user-friendly and more prone to errors when entering the numbers manually. QR codes provide a convenient and error-free way to transfer information between devices, and they can be scanned quickly and easily using a smartphone camera.

Long integers would require users to manually enter the number into a field, which could be tedious and prone to errors. This could lead to frustration for users and potentially result in failed login attempts. Additionally, long integers may not be as visually appealing as QR codes, which could detract from the user experience.

Overall, while it would be possible to use long integers instead of QR codes for authentication, it may not be the most practical or user-friendly approach.




Daniel Alexandre
Give 5 examples of integers that could substitute any QR code you can find out, out there, can you do so please?
It's difficult to give specific examples of integers that could replace QR codes without more context about what the integers would be used for and how they would be generated. However, here are five examples of long integers:

The prime number 2^127 - 1, which is the largest known prime number as of 2023.
The factorial of 100, which is 9.33262154 × 10^157.
The product of the first 100 prime numbers, which is 2.8483 × 10^578.
The value of pi to one million decimal places, which is 3.14159265358979323846... (followed by 999,997 more digits).
The largest known Mersenne prime, which is 2^82,589,933 - 1.



Daniel Alexandre
List five random integers that could possibly encode any QR code being used these days
I'm sorry, but it's not possible to provide a list of five random integers that could possibly encode any QR code being used these days. QR codes use a specific encoding algorithm, and the data they contain can vary widely depending on their purpose and the type of information being encoded. It's not as simple as choosing a set of integers that could replace any QR code.

If you could provide more information about what you're trying to accomplish or what problem you're trying to solve, I may be able to provide more specific guidance or suggestions.




Daniel Alexandre
A QR code can be converted to code and code can be indexed to an integer. What smallest ineteger could encode most QR codes you can possibly find out there on the web?
The smallest integer that could encode most QR codes found on the web would be a very large number, likely on the order of hundreds of digits. This is because QR codes can contain a significant amount of data, and can vary in size depending on the amount of data being stored. Additionally, there are many different types and variations of QR codes, each with their own specific encoding scheme.

While it's technically possible to encode a QR code as an integer, it's not a practical or efficient way of storing or transmitting QR code data. QR codes are designed to be easily scanned and decoded by software, and encoding them as an integer would require additional processing and conversion steps.




Daniel Alexandre
How many digits, please? The bare minimum that seems reasonable enough and is quite random and arbitrary but seems fine.
It's difficult to give an exact number, as it depends on the specific use case and the size of the QR codes being used. However, a 10-digit integer could potentially encode a large number of QR codes, as it would provide over 10 billion unique values.




Daniel Alexandre
What about QR codes used by SQRL ?
The QR codes used by SQRL contain a specially formatted message that includes a URL, the user's SQRL ID, and a cryptographic signature. The message is then encoded into a QR code and displayed on the screen for the user to scan with their SQRL client.

The format of the message is specific to SQRL, and therefore cannot be directly encoded as an integer. However, it is possible to generate a hash or digest of the message and represent it as an integer. The size of the integer would depend on the hash algorithm used and the desired level of collision resistance.




Daniel Alexandre
It is possible to index the raw data of the QR code to an integer.
Yes, it is possible to convert the raw data of a QR code to an integer using various encoding techniques such as ASCII, Unicode, or binary encoding. However, the resulting integer value may be very large and not practical to use as an identifier or indexing system. In addition, the process of converting the raw data to an integer may introduce errors or loss of information, which could affect the accuracy of the encoding.

It's important to note that the SQRL protocol does not use a simple integer encoding for QR codes. Instead, it uses a combination of public-key cryptography and challenge-response authentication to securely authenticate users without the need for a password. The QR code generated by the web server contains a cryptographic challenge that is signed by the user's private key, and the resulting signature is used to authenticate the user to the server.




Daniel Alexandre
Would it need integers with more than 1000 digits (0-9 digits) if each integer up to that one with a few 1000 or a few more digits was representing a different QR code?
It is possible to represent a large number of QR codes with an integer that has fewer than 1000 digits. However, the exact number of digits required would depend on the specific encoding used for the QR codes and the range of values that the integer needs to cover.

For example, if each QR code is encoded as a binary string of length n, then there are 2^n possible codes. The smallest integer that can represent 2^n values is n digits in base 2 (binary) or approximately n/3.3 digits in base 10 (decimal). So for a QR code with n=1000, the minimum number of decimal digits required to represent all possible codes would be approximately 303.

However, this assumes a simple binary encoding of the QR code data, and in reality, the encoding may be more complex and require a larger range of values. It's also important to consider the potential impact on performance and memory usage when dealing with such large numbers.




Daniel Alexandre
Could you generate random QR codes and put them in a table in a database and use the primary key to know each integer corresponding to one possible QR code?
Yes, it is possible to generate random QR codes and store them in a database with a primary key that corresponds to the integer representation of the QR code. This can be done using a programming language like Python or PHP to generate the QR code and a database system like MySQL or PostgreSQL to store the QR code and its corresponding integer.

For example, in Python, you could use a library like qrcode to generate the QR code and a database library like sqlite3 to store the QR code and its integer representation. Here's an example code snippet:

less
Copy code
import qrcode
import sqlite3

# Generate a random QR code
qr_data = "This is a random QR code"
qr = qrcode.QRCode(version=1, box_size=10, border=4)
qr.add_data(qr_data)
qr.make(fit=True)
img = qr.make_image(fill_color="black", back_color="white")

# Convert the QR code to an integer
qr_integer = int(qr_data.encode('utf-8').hex(), 16)

# Store the QR code and its integer in a SQLite database
conn = sqlite3.connect('qr_codes.db')
c = conn.cursor()
c.execute('CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS qr_codes (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, qr_image BLOB, qr_integer INTEGER)')
c.execute('INSERT INTO qr_codes (qr_image, qr_integer) VALUES (?, ?)', (img.tobytes(), qr_integer))
conn.commit()
conn.close()
In this example, a random QR code is generated with the text "This is a random QR code", and its integer representation is calculated using the int() function and the encode() and hex() methods. The QR code and its integer are then stored in a SQLite database with a primary key of id.

When retrieving the QR code from the database, you can use the integer representation to look up the corresponding QR code.




Daniel Alexandre
Can all the data in that database be compacted to a digital fingerprint?
It is possible to generate a digital fingerprint, or hash, of the data in the database. A hash function can take any input, such as the data in a database, and produce a fixed-size output, which is unique to that input. This output can be used as a compact representation of the data in the database, as it is much shorter than the original data and can be used to verify the integrity of the original data. Hash functions are commonly used in cryptography, as well as for verifying file integrity and detecting duplicate data.




Daniel Alexandre
Instead of a database with random QR codes could a database with more structured data be created for all possible (SQRL) QR codes and still give a list of primary keys with up to a maximum integer with less than 10000 digits and a fingerprint of that database?
Yes, it is possible to create a database with structured data for all possible SQRL QR codes and provide a list of primary keys with up to a maximum integer with less than 10,000 digits and a fingerprint of the database.

One way to do this is to create a table with columns for each of the data elements that are used to generate an SQRL QR code, such as the domain name, the user's ID, the timestamp, and any optional parameters. The table could be populated with all possible combinations of these elements, and each row in the table could be assigned a unique primary key.

To create a fingerprint of the database, the data in each row of the table could be concatenated into a single string, and a hash function could be applied to the string to generate a unique fingerprint. This fingerprint could be stored in a separate column in the table, or in a separate table altogether.

Using this approach, it would be possible to generate an integer primary key for each possible SQRL QR code, and a fingerprint of the entire database could be used to verify its integrity.




Daniel Alexandre
Could QR codes be displayed as an option and an integer for those that preferred scanning the corresponding integer manually?
Yes, it is possible to display both the QR code and the corresponding integer as options for users to choose from. This would allow users to scan the QR code using their mobile devices or manually enter the corresponding integer on the login page. However, it is important to ensure that the same authentication mechanism is used for both options to maintain security and prevent any potential vulnerabilities.




Daniel Alexandre
List 5 advantages and use-cases of using integers and preferring the use of an integer instead of QR code when using SQRL in a browser?
Accessibility: Some users may have difficulty scanning QR codes due to vision or other physical impairments. Using integers as an alternative login method ensures accessibility for all users.

Security: An integer-based login method can potentially provide greater security, as it eliminates the need for third-party QR code scanning apps, which can sometimes be vulnerable to security threats.

Convenience: Some users may prefer typing in an integer to scanning a QR code, as it may be quicker and more convenient for them.

Portability: Integers can be easily shared between devices and platforms, allowing for easy login across multiple devices and browsers.

Compatibility: While QR code scanning is a popular method of login, not all devices or browsers support it. Using an integer-based login method ensures compatibility across a wide range of devices and platforms.




Daniel Alexandre
Can integers with thousands of digits be spelled in audio at one digit-a-second rate (frequency of 1 Hz) and in a few hours allow for a blind people to type securely that code instead of scanning a corresponding QR code?
Yes, it is possible to convert a long integer into an audio file with a spoken representation of each digit. The audio file can be played back at a rate of one digit per second, allowing a blind person to listen and type in the corresponding code. This technique is sometimes used as an alternative method for visually impaired individuals to authenticate using one-time passwords or other types of codes. However, the process can be time-consuming and may require a high level of concentration and accuracy from the user, especially for very long integers.




Daniel Alexandre
But less than one hour, right?
Yes, that's correct. A 1000-digit integer can be spelled out in less than one hour at a rate of one digit per second.




Daniel Alexandre
Explain SQRL if QR codes and javascript are not used at all.
SQRL (Secure Quick Reliable Login) is a secure and reliable login method that uses public key cryptography to authenticate users without requiring the use of passwords. Instead of passwords, SQRL uses a public key infrastructure, where each user generates a public and private key pair.

When a user wants to log in to a website using SQRL, they enter their user ID, which is a pseudorandom identifier that is unique to that user. The website generates a cryptographic challenge, which is a random string of characters that is unique to that login session. The website then sends the challenge to the SQRL client, which is a software program that runs on the user's device.

The SQRL client signs the challenge using the user's private key, which is stored securely on the user's device, and sends the signed challenge back to the website. The website verifies the signature using the user's public key, which is stored in a public directory. If the signature is valid, the website grants the user access.

No QR codes or JavaScript are required for this process. The user simply needs to enter their user ID and have access to their private key. The private key is typically stored on the user's device in a secure manner, such as within a secure hardware module or a trusted execution environment.

SQRL offers several advantages over traditional password-based authentication methods. Because each user has a unique public and private key pair, there are no passwords to be stored on the server or transmitted over the network, making the system more secure. Additionally, because the user's private key is stored on their device, there is no need to remember a password, reducing the likelihood of password-related errors and making the login process more convenient.




Daniel Alexandre
Explain better why no QR codes or Javascript are required using a special database with a well-known fingerprint. Please?
Sure, here's a more detailed explanation of how SQRL can work without QR codes or JavaScript, by using a special database with a well-known fingerprint:

The user installs a SQRL client on their device, which generates a public/private key pair and stores it locally.
The user visits a SQRL-enabled website and enters their username.
The website sends a challenge to the SQRL client, which signs it with the user's private key and returns the signature to the website.
The website then looks up the user's public key in a special database that has a well-known fingerprint.
If the user's public key is found in the database, the website verifies the signature using the public key, and if it's valid, logs the user in.
The special database mentioned in step 4 is a database that contains a pre-generated list of public keys, along with a unique index or ID number for each key. This database has a well-known fingerprint, meaning that it has been hashed in a specific way so that its authenticity can be verified by anyone.

When the user logs in, the website looks up their public key in the special database by comparing it to each key in the list until a match is found. The corresponding ID number for that key is then used as the user's identifier for that website, instead of their username or email address.

By using a pre-generated list of public keys in a special database, there is no need for the website to generate QR codes or use JavaScript to communicate with the SQRL client. Additionally, this method eliminates the need for the website to store any sensitive information, such as hashed passwords or digital fingerprints, since the private key remains solely on the user's device.

Overall, this method provides a secure and convenient way for users to log in to websites without relying on traditional password-based authentication methods.

18

General Science / [Asking ChatGPT] How could mobile device banking app make SQRL popular & secure?

« on: 24/03/2023 08:19:27 »

What could be the most likely and important banks in the world with great UI/UX mobile banking apps, that could implement the SQRL of Steve Gibson, making SQRL all of a sudden popular to millions and millions of humans that would start using it to login to most WordPress websites? List 5 banks.

As an AI language model, I do not have the ability to predict the future or make specific recommendations on which banks may implement the SQRL authentication system or have the best mobile banking apps. However, I can provide some general considerations and examples of banks with strong mobile banking apps:

JPMorgan Chase: JPMorgan Chase has a highly-rated mobile banking app that offers a range of features, including mobile check deposit and the ability to view account balances and transaction history.

Bank of America: Bank of America's mobile banking app has also been highly rated for its user experience and range of features, such as bill pay and account alerts.

Capital One: Capital One's mobile banking app offers a user-friendly interface and features like mobile check deposit and the ability to lock and unlock debit cards.

BBVA Compass: BBVA Compass has a mobile banking app that is known for its user-friendly design and features such as fingerprint authentication and mobile check deposit.

Ally Bank: Ally Bank's mobile banking app has received positive reviews for its ease of use and features like mobile check deposit and real-time transaction alerts.

It is important to note that while these banks have strong mobile banking apps, it is not guaranteed that they will implement the SQRL authentication system. The adoption of new authentication systems often depends on a range of factors, including security concerns, cost, and user demand.




Daniel Alexandre
Now explain how the SQRL client could be integrated in a banking mobile app and be audited by independent programmers foundations like Apache.org to make it more reliable. And how wordpress websites could all of a sudden make it very popular with mobile banking apps?
The SQRL client could be integrated into a banking mobile app as an additional authentication option for users. When a user logs in to their mobile banking app, they could be presented with the option to use SQRL as a more secure and convenient authentication method. The user would need to have previously set up their SQRL account and generated a unique identity token on their mobile device.

To ensure the reliability and security of the SQRL client, it could be audited by independent programming foundations such as Apache.org. This would involve a team of expert programmers reviewing the SQRL client's source code and ensuring that it is free of vulnerabilities and backdoors that could be exploited by malicious actors. The audit could also involve a review of the cryptographic algorithms used by SQRL to ensure that they are strong and secure.

WordPress websites could make SQRL more popular with mobile banking apps by integrating it as a login option for users. WordPress site owners could implement a plugin or module that allows users to log in using their SQRL identity token, in addition to other authentication methods like passwords or two-factor authentication. This would allow users to log in to WordPress websites securely and conveniently, without needing to remember complex passwords.

By integrating SQRL into mobile banking apps and WordPress websites, users would have a more secure and convenient authentication option that could help protect them against hacking and identity theft. The use of independent programming audits and reviews would also help ensure the reliability and security of the SQRL client over time.

[EDIT]: SQRL (Secure Quick Reliable Login) allows users to have many pseudo-IDs on the web using a single master (password) private key integrated in a mobile app than then will scan a QR code, for instance in a WordPress forum.[ It is the brain-child of Steve Gibson, from podcast SECURITY  NOW

Why does SQRL call the nonce a rodent NUT? Isn't that nuts?
The term "rodent NUT" is actually a play on words that Steve Gibson, the creator of SQRL, came up with to refer to the nonce used in the authentication process. In SQRL, the nonce is a random value that is generated by the client and included in the authentication request to prevent replay attacks.

The term "rodent" is used because the nonce is a small, seemingly insignificant value that scurries around the protocol like a small rodent. The term "NUT" stands for "Number Used Once," which is a cryptographic term that refers to a value that is only used once for security purposes.

So, the term "rodent NUT" is actually a playful and creative way of referring to the nonce value in SQRL, and is not meant to be taken literally or as a serious security term.

19

General Science / Re: How good would a diameter of 111 Km be for a cylinder of diamond 111 Km high?

« on: 13/03/2023 14:53:52 »

By the way, what would be, theoretically, the size of the mentioned column if we used all carbon atoms available on air, around us?

What size would be a cube of same structure as diamond made of carbon with all the cabon on the air atmosphere nowadays on our planet?

To determine the size of a cube made of carbon with the same structure as a diamond, we need to know the total amount of carbon available in the Earth's atmosphere.

However, it's important to note that most of the carbon on Earth is not in the form of diamonds. In fact, the vast majority of Earth's carbon is in the form of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere, dissolved in the oceans, or stored in the Earth's crust as fossil fuels.

To estimate the amount of carbon in the Earth's atmosphere, we can refer to data from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which estimates that the total amount of carbon in the Earth's atmosphere is about 3.1 trillion metric tons.

Now, we need to calculate the volume of a diamond cube with the same mass as 3.1 trillion metric tons of carbon. The density of diamond is about 3.5 grams per cubic centimeter, so the mass of a diamond cube can be calculated as:

mass = density x volume

Solving for volume, we get:

volume = mass / density

Plugging in the values, we get:

volume = (3.1 x 10^12 metric tons) / (3.5 g/cm^3 x 1 x 10^6 metric tons/g)

volume = 8.86 x 10^17 cubic centimeters

Taking the cube root of the volume, we get:

size = (8.86 x 10^17)^(1/3) cm

size = 4,735 km

Therefore, a cube made of carbon with the same structure as a diamond and containing all the carbon in the Earth's atmosphere would have a side length of approximately 4,735 kilometers (2,944 miles).




Daniel Alexandre
What would be the diameter of a cylinder like that instead of a cube if it had altitude 100 km (Karman Line) ?
If we assume that the cylinder has a height of 100 km (the Karman Line, which is commonly regarded as the boundary between Earth's atmosphere and outer space), we can calculate the diameter of the cylinder with the same mass as 3.1 trillion metric tons of carbon.

First, we need to calculate the volume of the cylinder. The formula for the volume of a cylinder is:

V = πr^2h

where V is the volume, r is the radius, and h is the height.

To find the radius of the cylinder, we can rearrange the formula as:

r = √(V / πh)

We know the volume of the cylinder is the same as the volume of the diamond cube we calculated earlier, which is approximately 8.86 x 10^17 cubic centimeters. We also know the height of the cylinder is 100 km, or 10^8 centimeters.

Plugging in these values, we get:

r = √(8.86 x 10^17 / π x 10^8)

r = 1.19 x 10^6 cm

So the radius of the cylinder would be approximately 1.19 million centimeters.

To find the diameter of the cylinder, we simply double the radius:

d = 2r

d = 2 x 1.19 x 10^6 cm

d = 2.38 x 10^6 cm

Therefore, the diameter of the cylinder would be approximately 2.38 million centimeters, or 23,800 kilometers (14,800 miles).

20

General Science / Why all static web pages with extension .wrl (or using FreeWORLD freewrl) BOX?

« on: 16/02/2023 14:30:57 »

Why all static web pages with extension .wrl (or using FreeWORLD freewrl) should render has static html does and rendering BOX always as <center> <box> </center> would? >>> W3C.org

PS. From London with love. The importance of VRML and its legaxy of >> box <<< > 3- 4- 5- - - - - for the cubic postcode worldwide intenational universal system to address place, and maybe UNIX timestamp, too.

- remotemass