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Chemistry / What is the IUPAC specification for naming and numbering compounds?

« on: 13/01/2020 06:54:21 »

How to do the numbering of the compound?

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Chemistry / Re: What is the proton number in NH3 and NH4+?

« on: 25/07/2019 11:04:31 »

If you add a proton to the actual nucleus of a chloride ion (which has 17 protons and 18 electrons), it becomes an argon atom (with 18 protons and 18 electrons). However, if you don't combine nuclei, and just "stick" the proton "in" the electron cloud of the chloride it forms a molecule of hydrogen chloride (which has 18 electrons surrounding a nucleus with 17 protons and a nucleus with 1 proton.)

Cl^– + H⁺ → HCl (chemical reaction)
Cl^– + H⁺ → Ar (nuclear reaction)

1. In HCl, you mentioned 18 electrons of Cl surrounding 17 protons but how many electrons surrounding 1 proton of H? 2 or 18?
2. But why to a positive hydrogen ion, why not another positive ion? Could you explain it, please?

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Chemistry / Re: What is the proton number in NH3 and NH4+?

« on: 25/07/2019 03:05:21 »

Could you explain this point in an easy way please 'each proton just has to be its own nucleus, ie a H+ ion.'?

The atom is bonded to a positive hydrogen ion.

But why to a positive hydrogen ion, why not another positive ion? Could you explain it, please?

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Chemistry / Re: What is the proton number in NH3 and NH4+?

« on: 24/07/2019 15:44:09 »

Like I said in another of your threads, the number of protons in a given element never changes. Nitrogen always has 7 protons, regardless of what molecule it is in or what its electric charge is. The number of protons is what defines the element. If the number of protons was different, it would no longer be nitrogen.

I also agree with you but I am confused about why N got positivie charge on it. As I know positive charge means proton. one positive charge means one extra proton. could you explain it, please?

Note that it is also possible to add one or more protons to an atom (or molecule) without changing the element. each proton just has to be its own nucleus, ie a H⁺ ion. Chemists and biologists will often talk about the "protonation state" of a species, meaning how many of theoretically exchangeable protons are still on there.

Could you explain this point in an easy way please 'each proton just has to be its own nucleus, ie a H⁺ ion.'?

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Chemistry / Re: What is the proton number in NH3 and NH4+?

« on: 24/07/2019 02:32:26 »

Like I said in another of your threads, the number of protons in a given element never changes. Nitrogen always has 7 protons, regardless of what molecule it is in or what its electric charge is. The number of protons is what defines the element. If the number of protons was different, it would no longer be nitrogen.

I also agree with you but I am confused about why N got positivie charge on it. As I know positive charge means proton. one positive charge means one extra proton. could you explain it, please?

6

Chemistry / What is the proton number in NH3 and NH4+?

« on: 23/07/2019 19:24:34 »

What is the proton number of N in NH3? the answer is 7 because the proton number does not change. But what is the proton number of N in NH4+? still 7 or 8? I am confused.

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Chemistry / Re: How to find sigma and pi bond?

« on: 23/07/2019 10:46:19 »

Under most circumstances (I think there are some exceptions, like disulfur dinitride), any single bond will be a sigma bond, whereas any bond order greater than one will have a sigma bond plus some amount of pi bonding. So double bonds and triple bonds have pi bonds in them, as do resonance bonds like in nitrogen dioxide and aromatic bonds like in benzene rings.

In your particular example, count the number of double bonds in the whole molecule. That will tell you how many electron pairs are present in the pi bonds.

If I count there are 3 pi bonds in the molecule but 4 is written in the diagram. so how is it possible?

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Chemistry / Re: How to find sigma and pi bond?

« on: 23/07/2019 10:42:29 »

Under most circumstances (I think there are some exceptions, like disulfur dinitride), any single bond will be a sigma bond, whereas any bond order greater than one will have a sigma bond plus some amount of pi bonding. So double bonds and triple bonds have pi bonds in them, as do resonance bonds like in nitrogen dioxide and aromatic bonds like in benzene rings.

In your particular example, count the number of double bonds in the whole molecule. That will tell you how many electron pairs are present in the pi bonds.

There are three pi bonds in the molecule in the diagram If I count but why 4 pi bonds are written there in the diagram?

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Chemistry / Re: How to find sigma and pi bond?

« on: 23/07/2019 10:36:27 »

Under most circumstances (I think there are some exceptions, like disulfur dinitride), any single bond will be a sigma bond, whereas any bond order greater than one will have a sigma bond plus some amount of pi bonding. So double bonds and triple bonds have pi bonds in them, as do resonance bonds like in nitrogen dioxide and aromatic bonds like in benzene rings.

In your particular example, count the number of double bonds in the whole molecule. That will tell you how many electron pairs are present in the pi bonds.
There are three pi bonds in the molecule in the diagram If I count but why 4 pi bonds are written there in the diagram?

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Chemistry / How to find sigma and pi bond?

« on: 23/07/2019 07:53:04 »

How to find sigma and pi bond? please tell me the methods, please.

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Chemistry / Re: What is the proton numbers of carbon in CH3+?

« on: 23/07/2019 07:43:24 »

Carbon always has six protons. It wouldn't be carbon otherwise.

Now, how many electrons does carbon have in this state 5 or 6? and what is the hybridization state of carbon here SP^3 or SP^2?

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Chemistry / What is the proton numbers of carbon in CH3+?

« on: 23/07/2019 06:03:37 »

1. What are the protons number and electrons number carbon in CH3+? As I know carbon atom has 6 electrons and 6 protons in a neutral state but in this case 5 protons or 6 protons and how many electrons?
2. How do the carbon get positive charge on it?

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Chemistry / Re: In this reaction How many electrons carbon anion has?

« on: 23/07/2019 05:59:47 »

H⁺ has no electrons (just one proton--this reaction is a "protonation")
There are a total of 10 electrons in CH₃^– (6 from the C atom, 1 for each of the 3 H atoms, and 1 extra electron for the negative charge.)

Where do the carbon get the extra electron for the negetive charge?

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Chemistry / In this reaction How many electrons carbon anion has?

« on: 22/07/2019 16:04:16 »

In this reaction, How many electrons carbon anion has 7 or 8? I mean C- has 7 electrons or 8 electrons and H+ has one proton, how to H+ ion combine with H3C- ion to form CH4 because H+ ion needs 2 electrons? I am confused. Please show the mechanism.

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Chemistry / How many protons and electrons of C and Cl are in this compound?

« on: 22/07/2019 14:54:48 »

How many protons and electrons of C and Cl are in this compound?

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Chemistry / CH3+ and CH3- ions?

« on: 21/07/2019 07:06:03 »

What is the name of these ions?
1. CH3+
2. CH3-
What ions do they combine with to make a compound or molecule? and do they form an ionic bond or coordinate bond?

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Chemistry / Re: How to calculate the valency of 'Al' in 'Al2O3'?

« on: 05/10/2018 15:47:55 »

Do you know (or can you find out) the valency of oxygen?

Yes -2.3 = -6

OK, so what must the valency of the aluminium in the oxide be in order for the material to be neutral overall?

+6

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Chemistry / Re: How to calculate the valency of 'Al' in 'Al2O3'?

« on: 05/10/2018 01:42:11 »

Do you know (or can you find out) the valency of oxygen?

Yes -2.3 = -6

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Chemistry / What's the formula of Boric acid?

« on: 04/10/2018 14:59:30 »

Is it B(OH)₃^- or simple B(OH)₃?

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Chemistry / How to calculate the valency of 'Al' in 'Al2O3'?

« on: 04/10/2018 14:52:41 »

How to calculate the valency of 'Al' in 'Al2O3'? It should be '2' or '3'?