[RTCPhysics (OP)]

“Moving on from an ingrained belief is one of the hardest things we humans have to do”

The experiment that allows us to develop an alternative theory to the traditional concept of the ‘electromagnetic’ photon, is the experiment that led to the birth of radio communications. The collection and storage of ‘energised’ electrons, enables generators, such as: the battery, a capacitor, a dynamo or an electrostatic machine, to release their accumulated kinetic energy into a conducting circuit via the multiple ‘electrical conduits’ within the wire.

The flow of kinetic energy through a wire gives rise to two apparently very different phenomena. It dispatches infra-red radiation, which we colloquially refer to as ‘heat’ and simultaneously creates a magnetic field around and along the wire, which presents itself as a cylindrical series of nested rings, located in planes perpendicular to the wire.

The creation of infra-red photons, which are dispatched from the wire, arises because of imperfections in the electrical conduits within the wire. When the flow of kinetic energy encounters a fault in the conduit, such as a missing or displaced atom, an ionised atom, a foreign non-conducting atom or even electrons out of sync with each other, then the kinetic energy quanta are deflected out of the wire. This loss of kinetic energy from the wired circuit is a phenomenon that we refer to as the ‘resistance’ of the circuit. The falling voltage along the wired circuit is simply a measure of the remaining flow of kinetic energy in the circuit.

In addition to the dispatch of infra-red photons, the magnetic rings that develop around the wire under the influence of a direct current flow of kinetic energy, provide a second source of ‘photon release’ and this is brought about by the rapid reversal of the direction of the direct current flow through the wire.

By gradually increasing the frequency of the alternating kinetic energy flow, a ‘critical frequency’ is reached at which the outermost ring of the established ‘anti-clockwise’ rotating field rings (Left Hand Rule) is dispatched from the field, before it has had time to return to the wire, having been replaced by the newly developing, but ‘clockwise’ rotating field rings.

This outer field ring is dispatched at the speed of light in a unidirectional manner, with its circular diameter locating it as belonging to the radio-wave segment of the ‘Spectrum of Light’. Ramping up the frequency of the alternating kinetic energy again, leads to shorter wavelength radio waves being generated, reflecting the reduced diameter of the outermost field ring that is created within the shortened time interval of the alternating current.

The question immediately arises as to what is the difference between the emission of infra-red radiation created by ‘faults’ in the electrical conduits of the wire and the creation of radio waves from alternating the rotational direction of the magnetic field rings, as both arise from the same flow of kinetic energy, input by the source of energised electrons?

If we lay aside Maxwell’s concept of the ‘electromagnetic’ photon and view infra-red and radio waves as simply the dispatch of ‘kinetic energy’, then the answer points to there being no difference, except that the magnetic rings around the wire are rotational kinetic energy in a ‘static’ state and those transmitted away into space are rotational kinetic energy in a ‘dynamic’ state.

The execution of a ‘circular pathway’, enables kinetic energy to be conserved whether it is circulating around a wire, travelling through space or transitioning between particles in a wire. Although we have traditionally called these rings ‘magnetic’, because of their ability to be attracted and repelled by other magnetic fields, this characteristic is unchanged with the shift of its identity to ‘kinetic energy’ rings.

It is the kinetic energy rings that have the inbuilt ‘direction of rotation’ that we have labelled clockwise and anti-clockwise. But this unique ability to rotate, whether we call it kinetic energy or magnetic energy, can only be explained, if the ring is created by a ‘circling particle’. This being the case, the particle must rotate around its ‘static’ ring at the ‘speed of light’, thereby enabling it to convert into the ‘dynamic state’ of a photon.

If this were not the case and the kinetic energy was distributed around its ring at a constant energy level, then the whole ring would need an additional source of energy to give it rotational movement. However, no additional source of energy has yet been identified that is able to co-ordinate and rotate a whole field of magnetic rings in the same direction.

This shift from the classical concept of ‘electromagnetic fields’ to the unifying concept of ‘kinetic energy fields’ leads to a number of conclusions:

Firstly, the construct of the ‘kinetic energy’ field ring is particle based, which explains why the photon, rotating in a circle, traces out a sinusoidal wave form as it moves through space at the speed of light.

Secondly, that the kinetic energy held by a particle rotating in a circle around a wire, is exactly the same quantum amount, but the available energy at any point upon its ring, falls off with its distance from the wire, as the particle rotates around the lengthened perimeter of its field ring.

The ‘cumulative energy’ held by the rings located within a single plane of the kinetic energy field circling around a wire, falls off as the square of its radius, reflecting the increasing size (pi r²) of the ‘circular area’ that is occupied by multiple but separate field rings, each of which contributes just the same fixed quantum amount of kinetic energy.

Thirdly, the kinetic energy rings have two rotational states that we call ‘clockwise and anti-clockwise’, which enables them to attract and repel other kinetic energy field lines, conforming to the rules that have been ascribed to ‘magnetism’.

At this point, your first thought might be that this is a simple change of name from electromagnetic to kinetic, but the concept of ‘kinetic energy’ integrates the energy of accumulated electrons, with the flow of kinetic energy through a wire and the generation of photons.

The concept of ‘kinetic energy fields’ has another implication, in that it does not require the presence of an ‘electrostatic charge’ upon particles. However, recognising that a switch away from such an established concept is not going to be an easy process, then this is a place to stop and reflect.

Electromagnetism has spread its wings far and wide in physics theory, but the elimination of the concept of electrostatic charge from the ‘standard model’, would simplify the structure of the model and simplification leads to improved understanding and acceptance.

The concept of the ‘quantum photon’, as simply being a rotating particle, gives it a fixed amount of kinetic energy regardless of its frequency. Hence the kinetic energy or its equivalent mass that would be added to the Photon in the standard model, is the value of Plank’s constant, calculated without the application of a frequency factor. Such a change would align the attributes of the Photon more closely with its compatriots: the Higgs, the Z and the W particles.