Naked Science Forum
On the Lighter Side => Famous Scientists, Doctors and Inventors => Topic started by: christianchick on 01/12/2003 16:28:25
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As far as i know the atom bomb was created in part(the formula was)by Albert Einstein,by accident too! When he published his formula E=mc^2 it didn't occur to him that it could be used to create a bomb the bomb[}:)]He said he made a sad mistake and would refuse to build it,BUT thats all i know... do you know who actually tried to build it?do you know anything else about it? Is there any body out there with a stupid comment! Just post here[:D]
The Bomb!
blue
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I think that it is inevitable that even without Einstein the bomb would still have been built.
Chris
"I never forget a face, but in your case I'll make an exception"
- Groucho Marx
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I think Oppenheimer was the first to develop the bomb. He was an American scientist working during the end of WW2.
In fact, today (2nd December) is the anniversary of the world's first nuclear chain reaction. There was a demonstration at Stagg Field, Chicago in 1942.
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Didn't Einstein say something to the effect "If I had known what would become of my work, I would have been a carpenter" ??
Einstein's work certainly hurried it along, but there are quite a few brilliant physicists from that era that would have figured it out. Who knows, if it weren't for Einstein, we might have dropped the first one on Saigon instead.
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Germany had a strong program to develop the "A-bomb" during WWII. The U.S. got there first. I think that was fortunate.
Einstein laid the ground work, but there were many others that made strong contributions, and most likely would have made the same discoveries as Einstein. I believe that they would have arrived at the same point in very close to the same time frame, but I could be wrong.
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John
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And Japan was just getting ready to mass produce a turbine powered aircraft that was twice as good as anything we had in the skies. I have to say, the cards really fell into place for us during that war. If we had waited 6 more months to get the war machine rolling, we'd all be speaking German right now. We cracked Germany's encryption just in time to foil their naval superiority by knowing where their U-boats would be, we made the bomb before Germany, and then dropped it on Japan before they could start creaming us in the Pacific. All in all, we lucked out.
As a personal rant, I can sympathize with Einstein...it's a crying shame to know that so many major scientific breakthroughs are either a result of or used in war.
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Is that they Royal "WE", or have you forgeten who really cracked he enigma code ?
Chris
"I never forget a face, but in your case I'll make an exception"
- Groucho Marx
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By "we" in my above post I of course meant the allied forces. Bletchley Park is in the UK, but I believe there were Americans there too, at least according to Neal Stephenson. (And like any good red-blooded American, I get my history from novels and television)
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Mmm, sorry to disappoint mate, but we cracked the Enigma ! Yes, I grant you there were some yanks there too. Probably cleaners or something [;)]
Chris
"I never forget a face, but in your case I'll make an exception"
- Groucho Marx
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I guess you have me there. For some reason I was thinking Alan Turing was an American. We're conditioned from birth to think that we're the forerunners of every cool technology, so you can't possibly blame me. I blame the Republicans.
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Yes, you're right. An American I was chatting with at a conference a few years ago was utterly crestfallen when I corrected him that an American had not, in fact, invented radio or radar, as he had just proudly announced to the admiring bunch of girls swarming around him...funny, Americans never lay claim to inventing crap things do they, just everything else ! Although some would argue that baseball and american football fall into that cateogory. Give me proper football and rugby any day [;)]
Chris
"I never forget a face, but in your case I'll make an exception"
- Groucho Marx
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Plucked a few of that rooster's feathers did you Chris? (laughing hysterically)
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hey now, rip on baseball all you want, but leave American football out of this. There are a few things I could say about cricket or rugby, but I respect your weird-ass sporting events enough to hold my tongue. (A googly? A scrum? wtf?) However, I did know quite a few rugby players when I first went to college in 1993, and I must say they were some of the most foul, disgusting human beings I ever had to displeasure to associate with.
But anyway, yes, as a society, we have a terrible tendency to think we're center of the world. I try not to be that way but I often catch myself, as you so kindly pointed out to me. That's precisely why I want to live in the UK or Canada for a while.
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Well if you move to Canada you'll have to change your name to cannadinoid (not easy if you're dyslexic)[:D].
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I'm lauging hard at this one.
I think most all sporting events are weird, so I'm not biased toward any country.
If I worked hard enough at it, I could probably blame sports and the insane amount of time and money people spend on them, for just about all the ills in the world, including obesity, war, drugs, bad music, SUVs. LOL
And I'm not sure that moving to Canada would make a big difference.
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John
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heh....cannadinoid. cute....real cute. Aren't they decriminalizing my namesake up there in Canada? Now that's what I call good government. I'd eat a 40% salary tax to not have to worry about The Man oppressing me when I'm catching a buzz.
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I haven't kept up; I think it's decriminalized but not legal yet. As long as you have only a small amount for personal use and are not selling it I think you have very little to worry about here.
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Now all you need is a universal health care plan and it would be perfect...oh wait...
;)
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[8D]
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this explains it all.
http://www.doug-long.com/einstein.htm
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nice link, and welcome to the forum
Chris
"I never forget a face, but in your case I'll make an exception"
- Groucho Marx
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Well from memory I heard Einstein only helped in making the bomb only because he was afraid the japanese might perfect any version they had, and use it first. Edward Teller is also credited with being the father of the atomic bomb.
Ehh I might be wrong, so tell me if I am
To see the world through a grain of sand.
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Actually, according to the history I've read (which is becoming more extensive lately) Einstein really didn't contribute much to the development of the Atomic Bomb. The formula E=mc2 is derived from relativity theory, and is NOT the starting point for an atomic bomb.
Edward Teller was definitely involved in developing the Atomic Bomb, but is actually the "father" of the Hydrogen bomb, as he is the one who led it's development from 1945 to 1951, when the first one was detonated.
Germany was working on the development of Atomic weapons, but really did not get very far. I don't know all the reasons, but the first is that when Hitler banned the Jews from working, he basically gutted the german universities and scientific establishment, along with all the countries he invaded. Then, it is implied that Werner Heisenberg and the other scientists still in Germany understood the implications of Atomic weapons in the hands of the Nazis and didn't hurry in developing the technology. Also, they put all their efforts on "heavy water" (deuterium) as a moderator, and didn't have a good source after some British commandos blew up a plant in Norway that produced it. Another factor is that by 1944, Germany did not have the industrial capacity to spare to produce uranium 235 and/or plutonium.
Japan also had a small program devoted to developing atomic power for submarines, and possibly a bomb. They did not have the industrial capacity to start enriching uranium or producing plutonium, so they did not get very far.
Germany was defeated by conventional means before the A-bomb was completed. Japan was essentially defeated by July 1945, but had a repuation for a "fight to the death" attitude. They were willing to accept surrender, but not unconditional surrender, which Truman and Chruchill demanded. At this point in the war, conventional (incendiary) bombing was destroying entire cities at will, and there is no conceivable way that Japan could have regained any real military capability. Hiroshima was actually spared conventional bombing so that the true destructive power of the A-bomb could be assessed. Nagasaki was a secondary target that had limited military value, and thus had not been heavily bombed. Tokyo might have been the third victim of the A-bomb, but there was basically nothing left anyway. The third weapon was never shipped to the Pacific, but it was produced and ready.
An invasion of the Japanese homeland would have cost many many lives because the Japanese would have dug in and died fighting. Thus the decision was made to drop the A-bomb as a convincing demonstration that "resistance would be futile". Also, the Russians were preparing to enter the war against Japan by invading Manchuria, and Truman did not want this if it could be avoided. The A-bomb was thus a way to shorten the war and save American lives as well as keep the Soviets out of the picture. It was also thought that it would intimidate the Soviets, but I think Stalin was not easily intimidated.
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John - The Eternal Pessimist.
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Einstein was not the one who made the atom bomb it was two other persons i am not remembering their names but i studied their whole experiment.
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I thought there were only two bombs, and that they dropped them both rather close together, so as to make the enemy think there were plenty more on hand.
Incidentally, I read the book "Enola Gay" by Paul Tebbits (sp?), the pilot of the Enola Gay who is still alive, and I have an awesome signed copy of the book. Fascinating how they kept the project so secret. If they used the same tactics now, people would be screaming about their constitutional rights. And by the way, he has absolutely no regrets about dropping that bomb. I'd heard rumors that he went crazy, but not so. Still sane, and able to write about it.
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ya bezoar i also heard that one of the person went crazy you are right and i think it is not a rumour.
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There were more bombs ready to be dropped on Japan. The third was packed up and ready to be shipped to Tinian, but was never shipped. If I remember correctly there were a total of seven or nine in the inventory by the end of 1945.
Also, there were many people involved in actually building the A-bomb. It was called the Manhattan project. The project leader was Robert Oppenheimer and there were several other Nobel laureate physicists working on the project, including Ernest Lawerence and Edward Teller. Albert Einstein was NOT one of them, and he had almost nothing to do with the theory and application of nuclear fission.
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John - The Eternal Pessimist.
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Einstein gets credit for writing the famous letter to Roosevelt, where he said an atom bomb could be built, so that the US should do it first. Even here, he was coached by Edward Teller, and one other.
I think Roosevelt should really get the credit for building the bomb. In an interview that Teller gave, he said it was Roosevelt's powerful speech one day to a group of scientists that convinced him to leave basic research for weapon's research. Roosevelt said that the future of the free world depended on them. After WWI, most of the scientific team Oppenheimer had assembled, dispersed, refusing to do any more weapon's research. Teller believed that with the Stalinistic threat, the hydrogen bomb had to be pursued.
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quote:
Originally posted by chris
Yes, you're right. An American I was chatting with at a conference a few years ago was utterly crestfallen when I corrected him that an American had not, in fact, invented radio or radar, as he had just proudly announced to the admiring bunch of girls swarming around him...funny, Americans never lay claim to inventing crap things do they, just everything else ! Although some would argue that baseball and american football fall into that cateogory. Give me proper football and rugby any day [;)]
Chris
"I never forget a face, but in your case I'll make an exception"
- Groucho Marx
Americans invented a few "crap things", like the transistor and the microprocessor.
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There was a team that developed the bomb, Einstein, Oppenheimer, Szaldi(a Hungarian who became Amwerican) and some others, but I am not sure, others here are read up on this.
Titanscape
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You guys reccomend any books on this topic. I'm interested in one called "100 suns" anyone ever read it? I think it has alott of picutes of the bombs as well.
To see a world in a grain of sand.
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I would highly recommend "The Making of the Atomic Bomb" by Richard Rhodes. It won the Pulitzer.
I've never read "100 suns" so I can't comment.
Good luck, it's fascinating reading, and you'll be surprised how many "urban legends" are floating around that really aren't true.
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John - The Eternal Pessimist.
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Originally posted by OmnipotentOne
You guys reccomend any books on this topic. I'm interested in one called "100 suns" anyone ever read it? I think it has alott of picutes of the bombs as well.
I'm a few chapters into a 2004 book called "THE BOMB: A LIFE" by Gerard DeGroot. So far so good. The physics goes over my head a bit but the rest is fascinating. Germany's efforts, the Russians about to fight the Japanese, the scientists' euphoria and regrets..
I can recommend it on the first few chapters alone.
There is a photo on the back cover of American children hiding under their desks during a practice drill. Does anyone on this forum remember doing this or can you ask ma and pa. I'd love to hear if they thought at the time that this was useless or they felt that there was a chance of survival under a 2ft x 3ft pice of Beech?
you can't crack me I'm a rubber duck!
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Wow! I've got three stars now. Either I'm Douglas MacArthur or I work at McDonalds.
My neighbour is in his seventies, is profoundly deaf and is watching a porno. It's emabarrasing listening to the dubbed groans of exctasy (SP?). Or maybe he isn't watching a bluey, he has a young girl round, what's your secret buddy?
2nd gripe of the night, Mrs Corbeille opened my 1999 bottle of Chateau neuf du pape to give to friends while we had other bottles of cheaper vin rouge on the rack.
At least I got out and did a 53 mile bike ride, half of it into a strong westerley wind (anyone in Florida wanna comment on Frances?)
the most I've ridden this year. Ouch! everything hurts,
bury my arse and wounded knees.
you can't crack me I'm a rubber duck!
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Sounds like you're having quite a day!
Wow, 53 miles is great! I've been wanting to do that for weeks, but never get enough time before dark catches me.
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John - The Eternal Pessimist.
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Im in Virginia.....We got the reamins of Francis hit us a few days ago, for where I am it was pretty bad.
To see a world in a grain of sand.
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quote:
Originally posted by Corbeille
Originally posted by OmnipotentOne
You guys reccomend any books on this topic. I'm interested in one called "100 suns" anyone ever read it? I think it has alott of picutes of the bombs as well.
I'm a few chapters into a 2004 book called "THE BOMB: A LIFE" by Gerard DeGroot. So far so good. The physics goes over my head a bit but the rest is fascinating. Germany's efforts, the Russians about to fight the Japanese, the scientists' euphoria and regrets..
I can recommend it on the first few chapters alone.
There is a photo on the back cover of American children hiding under their desks during a practice drill. Does anyone on this forum remember doing this or can you ask ma and pa. I'd love to hear if they thought at the time that this was useless or they felt that there was a chance of survival under a 2ft x 3ft pice of Beech?
you can't crack me I'm a rubber duck!
The child was in a fallout shelter. Many schools were used for fallout shelters, so this was likely a school drill. I remember them well. Yes, we expected to survive. We were told we would survive, if we followed the drill. Remember that this mostly happened during the fifties, during the short time between the development of the atomic bomb, and the hydrogen bomb. Atomic bombs were small, and largely survivable beyond a mile from ground zero. As the arsenals grew from 100 20 kiloton bombs to 10,000 1 megaton bombs, the drill became largely irrelevant. We were all gonna die.
However, in the Soviet Union, the will to survive was much stronger, and civil defense is still practiced. I'm sure it came in handy after Chernoble nuked a few hundred square miles of Ukraine.
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I missed out on the nuke drills in school (tornado drills are about the same though) but after some serious study on nuclear effects, I came to the conclusion that the best place to be during a thermonuclear attack would be ground zero. Forget survival, just vaporize me in the first few microseconds and get it overwith. That way, I literally wouldn't know what happened, because my neurons and synapses would dissipate faster than they could transmit even one impulse.
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John - The Eternal Pessimist.
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Yes, I knew an English guy who was fatalistic about it. He used to say that he would paint a Minuteman silo on his house to fool an RV into coming for him. I pointed out that where we were working was one of two places in the western world where the constant-speed drives used in aircraft could be repaired, so the plant was on the target list. He should just stay at work all the time, and he would get his wish.
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quote:
Originally posted by chris
Yes, you're right. An American I was chatting with at a conference a few years ago was utterly crestfallen when I corrected him that an American had not, in fact, invented radio or radar, as he had just proudly announced to the admiring bunch of girls swarming around him...funny, Americans never lay claim to inventing crap things do they, just everything else ! Although some would argue that baseball and american football fall into that cateogory. Give me proper football and rugby any day [;)]
Chris
"I never forget a face, but in your case I'll make an exception"
- Groucho Marx
sorry chris but i do beleive a 1947 us supreme court gave that honour to tesla an american, serbian born.....history books are wrong
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Hellion
I think you’re wrong
History
Samuel F. Morse's invention of the telegraph in 1837
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In 1867 a Scottish mathematician, James Clerk Maxwell, conceived of the electromagnetic theory of light. This theory that light, electric waves and magnetic waves, of varying frequencys, are traveling through the atmosphere.
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In 1887, a physicist named Heinrich Hertz began experimenting with radio waves in his laboratory in Germany.
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Sir Robert Alexander Watson-Watt (1892--1973) was the Scottish physicist who developed the radar. BRITISH
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The US Supreme Court said nikola tesla invented the radio before Marconi
A Supreme Court case in 1943 ruled that Tesla was the father of the Radio.
Marconi's first patent was issued in 1900 and Tesla's in 1898.
Typical of the Americans give them an inch and they’ll take 16,070,400,000 miles
(All measurements are approximate)
Ok so your Canadian (almost the same thing)
Who knows what the above millage actually represents?
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The distance light travels in one day.
There are things that survive ground-zero, btw. Freshly sprouted wild bamboo shoots were reported within a week or so after Hiroshima. Gardener's nightmare, that stuff.
Remember a medium warhead will only dent a glacier, for instance (melt a hole less than 100 meters deep, like).
Largest warheads ever made were done by the Russians. They eventually used one to echo the depth of the Urals, which is supposedly the thickest part of the Earths' crust.
Time is a great teacher, but unfortunately it kills all its pupils - Hector Louis Berlioz
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Anyone spare a thought for all of the innocent people that died when the bombs were dropped? Its a good job the british soldiers were protected by their uniforms when they tested the first bombs. And how did they know the chain reaction was finate when they clicked the switch? Lucky guess?
Having said that, The invention of the atomic bomb has probably prevented several wars since its demonstration in Japan and possibly saved many more lives than it destroyed. So far so good.
Red sky at night shepherds delite. Red sky in the morning Chernobil!
"The explanation requiring the fewest assumptions is most likely to be correct."
K.I.S. "Keep it simple!"
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It is not perfect world, but there are several reasons the bomb may have actually saved lives and grief. Asside from the sparing of GI's killed on trying to take Japan mainland there are these thoughts:
1. The backup plan was to starve the Japanese into submission and the Allies were working on destroying crops and transportation between the islands. When the war did end there was some starvation that winter because so much infrastructure had been destoyed, and the allies could not get enough foodstuffs to Japan that winter. Likewise there were food shortages in Germany after the war, not due to a lack of food, but due to the lack of transportation and infrastructure to distribute it.
2. The USSR was gearing up for a Novermber 1945 invasion of Japan. Just think of Japan being a partitioned nation like Germany was. Japan would not have been the nation it is today had the Russins taken half of the country.
3. As far as the innocent victums, I don't know that I accept that. The Japanese were all too happy to enjoy the riches that came from their military conquests and the subjection of China and Korea. They caused a lot of suffering, and I am not aware of any anti-military movements in Japan. The bombs were a necessary wakeup call that changed the course of history for Japan and the world. I respect the Japan of today as a civilized country. I can't say that for the opressive Japan of the 1940's.
I had to do a calculation on the energy of the Hiroshima bomb for science class. It was many years ago, but I believe the answer was 1.2 grams of matter transformed into energy.
David
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yep tweeners right if there is a nuclear attak thats the best place to be. When i was a boy scout i took a class on this, the teacher said "If a bomb goes off get on your knees and pray":)
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quote:
Although some would argue that baseball and american football fall into that cateogory
Baseball was, in fact, played by Northumberland miners long before the Americans got their hands on it
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Oh, please.
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its true
Michael HAPPY NEW YEAR (https://www.thenakedscientists.com/forum/proxy.php?request=http%3A%2F%2Fi11.photobucket.com%2Falbums%2Fa186%2Fukmicky%2Fparty-smiley-012.gif&hash=844994fd61764508c533537d6874634d)
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quote:
Originally posted by gsmollin
However, in the Soviet Union, the will to survive was much stronger, and civil defense is still practiced. I'm sure it came in handy after Chernoble nuked a few hundred square miles of Ukraine.
Civil defence is not any longer practised in the Soviet Union, because there is no SU any longer.
Chernobyl did not nuke a few hundred square miles. There was no major explosion in Chernobyl. There was a major fire that sent huge amounts of radiation into the environment (some of it even reaching Great Britain), but no explosion. Chernobyl in in the Ukraine (it was then part of the SU, but since the dissolution of the SU, it is an independent country in its own right).
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quote:
Originally posted by David Sparkman
It is not perfect world, but there are several reasons the bomb may have actually saved lives and grief. Asside from the sparing of GI's killed on trying to take Japan mainland there are these thoughts:
1. The backup plan was to starve the Japanese into submission and the Allies were working on destroying crops and transportation between the islands. When the war did end there was some starvation that winter because so much infrastructure had been destoyed, and the allies could not get enough foodstuffs to Japan that winter. Likewise there were food shortages in Germany after the war, not due to a lack of food, but due to the lack of transportation and infrastructure to distribute it.
2. The USSR was gearing up for a Novermber 1945 invasion of Japan. Just think of Japan being a partitioned nation like Germany was. Japan would not have been the nation it is today had the Russins taken half of the country.
3. As far as the innocent victums, I don't know that I accept that. The Japanese were all too happy to enjoy the riches that came from their military conquests and the subjection of China and Korea. They caused a lot of suffering, and I am not aware of any anti-military movements in Japan. The bombs were a necessary wakeup call that changed the course of history for Japan and the world. I respect the Japan of today as a civilized country. I can't say that for the opressive Japan of the 1940's.
I had to do a calculation on the energy of the Hiroshima bomb for science class. It was many years ago, but I believe the answer was 1.2 grams of matter transformed into energy.
David
1. I thought the Allies were actually talking about an invasion, and would not have waited to starve the Japanese out.
Nonetheless, even that would have cost a lot more Japanese lives, let alone Allied lives.
The whole point about the bomb (apart from the fact that it was substantially bluff – what the Japanese did not know was that the Allies only had built the two bombs they used and did not have a stockpile of bombs) was that the bomb should have a massive shock effect. The point of the shock was that the psychological effect would be disproportionate to the actual casualties caused.
2. The USSR did invade a few Islands that belonged to Japan, and to this day those Islands are a contentious issue between Japan and Russia.
3. No nation is homogeneous. It is not human nature that 60 million people would agree about anything. There were many political views within Japan, just as there were in Germany, and America, and Britain, with regard to the war. In the build up to war, certain political factions became dominant, it does not mean everyone else agreed with that faction, only that they lost those who disagreed lost the ability to influence events (and in some cases, lost the right even to express their views, but that doesn't mean the views were not held in private).
Japan of the 1930's and 1940's was oppressive, but that does not mean that everyone within Japan would have agreed with that policy, it just means that those who could influence Japanese policy at the time were implementing a policy of oppression and aggression, and were painting those who disagreed with them as unpatriotic, and thus making it difficult for open public opposition to their views.
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The SR71 was developed in almost total secrecy, as was the F117,and a few other things to boot.
there are a few places in the US that the public are kept well away from,ie area 51/groome lake, and no im not gonna start on about aliens and all that crap,but what a good way of covering up testing on secret new aircraft and weapons,any one that sees an odd shape in the sky (F117)thinks they have seen an alien craft,and reports it as such.
As for the bomb,you can find out all you need to build one on the internet,getting the materials may be a bit difficult,they havent opened a "H BOMBS-R-US" yet.
Best thing to come out of the U S,beef jerky,the peppered one mmmmmmmmmm !
every village has one !
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omnipotentone, can you assist me get the 100suns. or his anyone there with a more comprehensive book on this.
lets keep trying the untried since the birth of science innovations have been like toy but their impacts have rocked the world
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Japan never surrendered because of the Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima or the Plutonium bomb dropped on Nagasaki. Japan surrendered because its "Ace in the Hole" ceased to exist. This "Ace" was the Large intact army still on the Asian mainland. This huge well trained army was to be brought back to Japan to defend the Islands. About the time that the bombs were dropped the Russian Army more than decimated the whole Japanese army there. Understand that the Russian army that attacked the Japanese army were the same hardened heavy tank lead armies that had just left Germany. The Japanese never stood a chance against this force. When their army was gone the Japanese for sure knew the Jig was up.
The Japanses Army was never designed to fight "set piece" ETO battles.
Matriculation level history classes never teach that the bombs stopped the war.
Dang; Another American legend shot down. But hey, we broke the Japanese naval codes!
Hey, I understand that Churchill was willing to fight to the last American.
Just Kidding. Love you Brits and Canuks
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I am sure a famous women scientist was involved in developing this. She was working with splitting the atom or something along those lines. She was a jewish girl in germany and had to flee because of the nazis but continued her work in sweden or holland or something. I can't remember her name damit. Please anyone help.
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I think you may mean Marie Curie
Michael
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Signalz - Certainly the Russian declaration of war affected Japanese thinking about surrender, but there really wasn't time for much Russo-Japanese fighting.
The Hiroshima bomb was 6th August, the Russian declaration of war was 8th Aug. and the Nagasaki bomb and the Russian move into Manchuria on 9th Aug.
It was on 9th Aug. in a Japanese cabinet meeting attended by the Emperor that the Emperor came down so heavily in the split cabinet on the side of those wanting to surrender that the whole cabinet agreed to a 'meeting of the elders' at which the final surrender decision was made on 14th Aug..
So the Russians didn't have time to do much fighting, but the fact that they had started may have tipped the balance in the Emperor's mind. A bit like the U.S.A in the First World War - just kidding.
Helena.
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It isn't marie curie that I mean. Marie and Pierre Curie worked with radioactivity and discovered Pollonium and Radium. I know all about her. This person I am talking about is young in the 1930s and Marie Curie wouldn't have been.
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quote:
Originally posted by chris
Is that they Royal "WE", or have you forgeten who really cracked he enigma code ?
Chris
"I never forget a face, but in your case I'll make an exception"
- Groucho Marx
Hey Chris,
It amazes me that so many people still don't know the actual sequence of events which led to the cracking the ENIGMA code. I could understand how this was possible until the late 80's with the Cold War and all, but today with much of the information no longer secret and with the British government officially recognizing the Polish accomplishments from 1933 to 1939, I thought the historical record would be corrected once and for all.
If you are interested in this subject check out this academic paper on the subject:
http://ece.gmu.edu/courses/ECE543/viewgraphs_F03/EUROCRYPT_2003.pdf
Very thorough and great references. Also, see:
W. Kozaczuk, Jerzy Straszak, Enigma: How the Poles Broke the Nazi Code, Hippocrene Books, 2004, ISBN 078180941X, and
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptanalysis_of_the_Enigma
amongst many sources on the web.
Darius
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quote:
Originally posted by Mjhavok
I am sure a famous women scientist was involved in developing this. She was working with splitting the atom or something along those lines. She was a jewish girl in germany and had to flee because of the nazis but continued her work in sweden or holland or something. I can't remember her name damit. Please anyone help.
I think it's Lise Meitner you have in mind, although she was not exactly a young girl in the 1930's. For details about Meitner : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lise_Meitner.
Marie Curie (mentioned by ukmickey)was indeed older (but only some 10 years) but she was Polish, not Jewish and never worked in Germany.
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This could be it eric. I will do some reading.
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Lise Meitner is the person. Thanks eric.
I found out about her when I watched a documentary called " E=mc2 - Einstein and the Worlds Most Famous Equation ".
You are right about her not being as young as I thought. She would have been 52 in 1930.
- Steven
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Grecian;
True, Russia didn't have much time. Starting on 9 August 1st,2nd & 3rd FEAG (Far Eastern Army Group) and the 6th Guards Tank Army encircled the Kwantung Army. Japanese resistance collapsed on the 13th it was a done deal. Japan Surrendered the next day.
France & England carried the weight in WW I. The American commitment was small comparatively. The diff. was America was everything that was needed by the Allies at the 11th hour and prevented a stalemate. (Which may have prevented WW II).
Sorry if I offended with the "kidding" We don't have a history to admire, (too short) so we have to admire yours.
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Einstein had nothing to do with the manhattan project that designed the bomb. Oppenheimer headed the project. Other noted scientists who took part: Ed Teller, Richard Feynman, Hans Bethe, Glenn Seaborg, David Bohm, Enrico Fermi, Leo Szilard, etc.
Alexander Stepanovich Popov invented radio in 1895 in St. Petersburg, Russia, before Telsa or Marconi. Almost everyone has forgotten about him outside of the Slavic world. Marconi read Popov's papers, so it seems apparent that he got the idea from Popov. Several other inventors in the late 1890's claimed to invent the radio independantly.
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WRT the "100 Suns" queries - I have this book, and whilst it gives a little detail on the explosive testing and related info, it is primarily a photographic record of the American tests. There are some truly stunning photo's in there, especially once you sidetrack the subject matter. Of two that particularly stand out, one is from essentially the moment of detonation and the expanding fireball that hasnt yet engulfed the tower holding the device (incredible surface patterning of the eplosing cloud), and a second shows a line of soldiers in a trench with motion-blurred white specks all over the photographic plate. The specks were radioactive fallout marking the film as the shot was taken. Quite scary.
Anyhoo, thats all I have right now.
Adam
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Acting on Einstein's advice (he was ill at the time) Edward Teller authored a letter to President Roosevelt strongly advised not to build the bomb.