Naked Science Forum
On the Lighter Side => New Theories => Topic started by: puppypower on 10/06/2020 12:01:13
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I would like to start a topic connected to the fifth force of nature . This fifth force of nature is generated by entropy, so I have called it the entropic force. The entropic force is much less common than the other four force and appears to be limited to the liquid state. An example can be seen via the natural biological affect called osmosis. Based on this natural example, the force has also been called the life force since it is naturally connected to water and life.
In osmosis, as shown below, two chambers of water are separated by a semi-permeable membrane. One chamber begins with has a higher concentration of solute, such as ions. The ions are impermeable through the membrane, but the water can freely diffuse through the membrane in both directions. The affect observed will be the water from the lower solute side, moving through the membrane, into the higher solute side, generating a pressure head. Pressure is defined as force/area, with the entropic force/area equal to the pressure head.
(https://www.sciencefacts.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Diffusion-and-Osmosis-Difference.jpg)
In Chemistry there is a small subset of chemical properties called colligative properties. These properties only apply to the liquid state and solutions. They are not common gases and solids. A colligative property behaves like an ideal solution. It is only dependent on the number of solute molecules, but not on the character of these solute molecules. The number of molecules or ions, no matter what they may be, will all generate the same osmotic pressure. it is not dependent on the EM force. It is driven by something else.
There are four colligative properties; boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, vapor pressure lowering and osmosis. These four affects all interface the liquid state, with the liquid state having its own unique physics. In all cases, colligative properties are driven by entropy, since the character of the solute is not critical to the affect. This factors out the EM force, which does give specific character to positive or negative ions or neutral materials like sugar.
The increase in entropy, during osmosis, lowers the free energy of the system thereby stabilizing the solutions. Whether it is melting point depression, boiling point elevation or vapor pressure lowering, it takes more energy to reverse the process thereby elevating these affects. Gibbs Free energy is defined as G=H-TS, with H= enthalpy and entropy=S. The entropy (times Temperature=T) term is connected to a minus free energy affect. As entropy increase this lowers the free energy, making its system more stable. This makes it hard to melt, boil or vaporize.
In the case of osmosis, the entropic force generated by entropy also lowers the free energy of the two component system, while also resulting in a balancing pressure head, that is defined by the entropic force/area. Life makes use of this natural force, which is an exclusive artifact of liquid state physics. Models for life, often fall short, since they tend to leave out an important variable such as an extra force of nature, that has many uses by cells.
The problem with its acceptance appears to be, we (Physics) models the universe using mostly solid and gas state analogies. The entropic force does not manifest itself in gases or solids. It only manifest in the liquid phase. If we modeled the universe as a liquid this would allow this affect to be added so we could explain things that seem more anomalous then they are.
For example, dark energy has never been seen in the lab as a thing but we can see the impact. It appears to be an entropic force affect, with space-time playing the role of water. The membrane is not as obvious. However I have hinted of it in many places.
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If this is a new fundamental force, then what is the particle that mediates it?
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A colligative property behaves like an ideal solution.
Not even wrong.
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Nice timing.
https://xkcd.com/2318/
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If this is a new fundamental force, then what is the particle that mediates it?
This force is not new, but rather has been overlooked for decades. In the example I used, the entropic force was mediated by water instead of a fundamental particle. Water can move freely across the semi-permeable membrane. The value of this is water is composed of many different particles that overlap many forces. The entropic force unifies these via water.
The pressure head that develops in osmosis is similar to a repulsive force, which in my example can over come the attractive force generated by the earth's gravity. If you prefer space-time curvature or gravitational force, the entropic force can mediate that. The entropic force can also be used to overcome the EM force such as separating ion pairs. Again, water is composed of many different particles; swiss army knife composite.
Dark energy has never been in the lab. We do not know if this is mediated by any classic particle. It too is a repulsion force, that by virtue of expanding space-time, which can also overcome gravity. This appears to be another example of the entropic force.
A colligative property behaves like an ideal solution.
Not even wrong.
The equation for osmosis at low concentrations of solute particles looks very similar to the ideal gas equation.
PV=nRT is the ideal as law and π=iMRT is the equation for osmotic pressure.
Biological systems tend to use low concentrations of solutes in water to take advantage of the entropic force. The entropic force can also be used to drive a work cycle by timing osmosis with reverse osmosis.
Nice timing.
https://xkcd.com/2318/
Entropy is not easy to explain. However, it is measurable, so we know it is real. For example; the absolute entropy of water is 63.45 J ˣ mol-1 ˣ K-1 at its triple point. This is a standard. One way to do this is to assume entropy does not exist, and then do your calculation for everything we assumes exists, because we can explain those things better. The difference between experimental and calculated will be the entropy.
What is interesting about the entropy and the entropic force, via osmotic pressure, is mechanical pressure, via osmosis, allows one to control the entropy. In reverse osmosis, I can use my hand to apply pressure to counter the entropic force, in the direction opposite the pressure head. This will cause the system entropy maintain a specific entropy or it can even make the entropy go down.
This lowering of entropy does not violate the second law since the work will increase muscular entropy. But it does give life a way to regulate entropy and/or then store entropy as potential energy to use later. Enzyme catalysis can make use of this entropy reservoir.
The entropic force also allows mechanical force to mediate all the other forces of nature via the entropic force intermediary. This is liquid state physics in action. Water is composed of many different elementary particles which mediate the other forces. Water is like a composite particle bridge to the unification of force via the entropic force.
Although, I do not normally think in terms of the nuclear forces, carbon 13 and carbon dating does depend on regulation of nuclear half life.
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Entropy is not easy to explain. However, it is measurable, so we know it is real. For example; the absolute entropy of water is 63.45 J ˣ mol-1 ˣ K-1 at its triple point.
Good, that's a start.
You know that entropy has units.
Those units are J ˣ mol-1 ˣ K-1
And a force has units of Kg x m-1 x s-2
So they are clearly different quantities.
A colligative property behaves like an ideal solution.
Melting point depression is a colligative property.
One that gets used a lot is the melting point depression of camphor
because of this sort of thing
http://www.chemmybear.com/groves/apch14_rast.pdf
The melting point depression is 37.8 k/mol/litre
And ideal solution is one where the properties of the mixture are very close to those which would be found if the particles from which it is composed have "ideal" interactions.
Examples would include things like mixtures of toluene and xylene or heavy water and ordinary water.
Ordinary tap water contains a little heavy water (strictly, "half heavy water HDO").
So tap water is a (nearly) ideal solution
So, when you say "A colligative property behaves like an ideal solution."
You are saying that you can wash your hands in 37.8 K/ mol/L.
Do you understand that such as statement is so stupid as to be "not even wrong"?
I'm sure that anyone else reading this will see it.
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Essentially, you need to show that you can multiply your "force" by a distance and get work done.
Until then, you have not shown that you have a force.
You have a farce,
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In the example I used, the entropic force was mediated by water instead of a fundamental particle.
Then you can't consider it to be a fundamental force on par with the four true fundamental forces.
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Essentially, you need to show that you can multiply your "force" by a distance and get work done.
Until then, you have not shown that you have a force.
You have a farce,
You only need a little ingenuity to make this happen. Osmotic pressure can push water upward against gravity. This allows us to create gravitational potential energy in the water, that can used to do work. The osmotic pressure can be used to move a piston directly.
Pressure is defined as force/area; pounds per square inch. Osmotic pressure is therefore force/area. Or osmotic pressure times area equals the entropic force. If it quacks like a duck.
In the example I used, the entropic force was mediated by water instead of a fundamental particle.
Then you can't consider it to be a fundamental force on par with the four true fundamental forces.
The entropic force is more analogous to repulsive force, instead of an attractive force like the other four forces of nature. Entropy can separate things, so they use the fours forces to recombine into higher complexity. The entropic force appears to be analogous to a repulsive version of the unified force.
The entropic force is most obvious in the liquid state, when it interfaces with the solid and/or gaseous states. It is easier to see the force in action with larger chemical materials, which are composed of all the fundamental particles in various combinations. The proton and election and all their sub-particles are represented in water; They, in turn, touch all the four attractive forces.
The liquid state differs from the gaseous and solid states. Most of physics models are based on gas or solid state analogies. Fundamental particles are treated like gases. Gases cannot be placed under tension. If we pull a vacuum on a gas, we will measure a lower pressure but not tension.
Solids can be placed under pressure or tension but not both at the same time and achieve a steady state. If push and pull a heavy load it will move and then the forces need to move or they will change their values.
The liquid state can be place under pressure and tension and achieve a calm steady state. The easiest example to see is a glass of water open to the atmosphere. The atmosphere will apply a pressure downward, while the air and the glass interfaces with the water will create surface tension. This system can be reach a steady state. Paradoxes can occur.
Another example is in osmosis. As shown below the entropic force causes the left side to be under tension and the right side to be under pressure. This will reach a steady state. The affect will be more obvious if we seal the two tops of the tubes. In this case, the vacuum on the left will increase the vapor pressure as though the liquid EM binding forces have fallen.
If we look at the membrane at steady state, and ignore the entropic force, the pressure head will be higher on the right than on the left, yet the water does not flow through the membrane to level off the pressure. Entropy is applying a separate force to balance this out, since a colligative property is not dependent on the character of the solute, but only on its concentration. This factor out the EM force.
(https://d1j63owfs0b5j3.cloudfront.net/term/images/641-1492597012397.png)
If we dropped a salt tablet in a glass of water, it will slowly dissolve and once dissolved, the salt and the water will try to form a uniform solution. This is not too much different from the Big Bang and the expansion of the singularity to an ever diluting solution of matter in space-time.
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Or osmotic pressure times area equals the entropic force. If it quacks like a duck.
But the area is ill defined.
Your idea is quackers.
More importantly, osmosis isn't entropy.
You can have- as you point out- an osmotic force.
But it isn't an entropic force.
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Or osmotic pressure times area equals the entropic force. If it quacks like a duck.
But the area is ill defined.
Your idea is quackers.
More importantly, osmosis isn't entropy.
You can have- as you point out- an osmotic force.
But it isn't an entropic force.
You need to use critical thinking skills or stop stalling.
Maybe you can explain which of the four known forces of nature is at work during the colligative property called osmosis. A colligative property is not dependent on the character of the solute but only on the concentration. We also know there is a force at work, as evident by the pressure head. This force is mediated by water, as pre-determined by the semi permeable membrane. The water is generating a force for the pressure head, with this force not dependent on the EM force character of the solute. The force is driven by water trying to balance the concentration on both sides of the membrane. It will do the same for all solutes. This will help you answer your own concerns.
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Maybe you can explain which of the four known forces of nature is at work during the colligative property called osmosis.
Electromagnetic.You need to use critical thinking skills
to work out how it is acting in this case.
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Maybe you can explain which of the four known forces of nature is at work during the colligative property called osmosis.
Electromagnetic.You need to use critical thinking skills
to work out how it is acting in this case.
If we allow an osmotic device to reach steady state, the concentrations will end up the same on both sides of the membrane. The goal of the water is to maximize the separation or entropy of the solute in the solvent.
If we use the same numbers of solute particles, the osmotic pressure will be the same no matter the EM character of the solute. Doubly charged ions, like Calcium+2, will give the same osmotic pressure as the same number of neutral particles such as sugar.
Another example is potassium ions are Chaotropic which means they bind to water weaker than water binds to itself via hydrogen bonding. Sodium ions are Kosmotropic which means they bind to water stronger that water binds to itself via hydrogen bonding. This difference is due to an EM force affect connected to the size difference between these two +1 cations. Sodium ions are smaller and it positive charge is closer.
However, in osmosis, both ions, in spite of these EM differences in water, if used in the same concentration, will create the same osmotic pressure and entropic force. In other words, the EM fields will be different for each ion at steady state; Kosmotropic versus Chaotropic, Nevertheless, each will generate the same osmotic pressure.
In the Gibbs Free Energy Equation G=H-TS, the enthalpy or H term is connected to the EM difference of the Sodium and Potassium ions in water. Each will induce a different internal energy in water. However, both cations will create the same S or entropy during osmosis since this is a colligative property. The total of these two affect is the Gibbs free energy. You are looking at only H or enthalpy part of the total free energy.
Say we change the osmosis experiment slightly. We startup with equal concentration of ions on each side of the semipermeable membrane. One side contains only sodium ions and the other side contain only potassium ions. This is similar to what cells do.
Since the concentration is the same on both sides, there will be no osmotic pressure. However, there will be an EM potential across the membrane. The cell make use of this EM potential for active transport. Since this EM difference is a source of free energy, I can use entropy, such as by reverse osmosis, to neutralize or enhanced that free energy difference across the membrane.
During the end of cell cycles, but before the two daughter cells split, osmosis causes water to enter the mother cell and she starts to expand. She is using the entropic force; increasing entropy inside herself. As she expands, this changes the free energy background, thereby shifting chemical equilibria toward the needs of forming two daughter cells. The higher entropy induction results in the more complex entropy state, called two daughter cells.
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If we allow an osmotic device to reach steady state, the concentrations will end up the same on both sides of the membrane.
No it won't.
You need to use critical thinking skills or stop
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If we allow an osmotic device to reach steady state, the concentrations will end up the same on both sides of the membrane.
No it won't.
You need to use critical thinking skills or stop
This is the introduction for osmosis from Wikipedia;
Osmosis (/ɒzˈmoʊ.sɪs/)[1] is the spontaneous net movement of solvent molecules through a selectively permeable membrane into a region of higher solute concentration, in the direction that tends to equalize the solute concentrations on the two sides.[2][3][4] It may also be used to describe a physical process in which any solvent moves across a selectively permeable membrane (permeable to the solvent, but not the solute) separating two solutions of different concentrations.[5][6] Osmosis can be made to do work.[7] Osmotic pressure is defined as the external pressure required to be applied so that there is no net movement of solvent across the membrane. Osmotic pressure is a colligative property, meaning that the osmotic pressure depends on the molar concentration of the solute but not on its identity.
You appear to work for CNN or some science bureaucracy propaganda wing.. What is the purpose of using fake news to undermine an interesting discussion that was based on sound and known science applied in new ways? Alternately, it may be good example of the difference between memorizing science for tests, and leaning science for applications. Memory will fade but learning will persist.
The entropic force is what I called the force generated by osmosis, that can be used for work, as Wikipedia points out. Coligative properties are not dependent on the identity of the solute but only on the concentration. Water wants to solubilize the solute so it is the same in both sides.
The entropic force is useful in life since cells have a lot of different things going on. Luckily the entropic force is only dependent on the total concentration, inside versus outside the membrane. When a mother cell doubles everything to make two daughter cells, she changes her internal concentrations and induces the entropic force. This will help her to expand. This will also change her internal free energy environment into a dynamic gradient. This allows her to shift gears and gradually wind it down. This same sequence of events is common to all mother cells, no matter the species, since the character of the DNA duplicated and the protein character produced are not important. All we need is a concentration gradient and cells cycled can be completed through dynamics changes in free energy equilibria.
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The concentrations will not
end up the same on both sides of the membrane.
They can't.
On one side, you have solute, on the other side you don't.
The side with the solute can't have a concentration of zero; the other side can only have a concentration of zero..
So, you were plainly wrong.
Now, what was that about spreading "fake news"?
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The concentrations will not end up the same on both sides of the membrane.
They can't.
On one side, you have solute, on the other side you don't.
The side with the solute can't have a concentration of zero; the other side can only have a concentration of zero..
So, you were plainly wrong.
Now, what was that about spreading "fake news"?
You are forgetting to do an energy balance around the system. An energy balance will include the pressure head that is being created by the entropic force. The pressure head creates a force that is opposite the entropic force vector, with the entropic force trying to balance the concentration on both sides. The entropic force will fall short of uniform concentrations, as you said, because of the opposing force the system is creating.
Reverse osmosis is where we add an additional force, beyond the entropic and gravity forces, such as a mechanical force. We apply this in the same direction as the gravitational force. The force adds up to and acts like a negative entropic force, causing the concentrations to become more imbalanced on both sides of the membrane. In this case, the system entropy is made to lower due to the net negative force addition.
Mechanical force can be used, in this case to lower the system entropy, because of the entropic force and force addition. This does not violate the second law since the net entropy of the universe continues to increase. The mechanical work will require muscular energy and an entropy increase in a different way in other place.
This system is similar to the placing a salt tablet in a glass of pure water. We start out with a concentration gradient between bulk pure water and pure salt. The entropy will increase; 2nd law, and try to create a uniform solution. This occurs via movement of both the water and the salt. The entropic force vectors created by the water and salt balance and cancel. We see no net force such as a growing pressure head.
In osmosis we place the entire entropic burden onto the water due to the semipermeable membrane. The single entropy force vector differentness itself as the entropic force. The pressure head is what the salt would normally be doing in terms of the opposing entropic force. The balance allows a uniform solution. But in osmosis an additional force vector is created, that is created by entropic but which is not directly entropy related; gravitational pressure head. Entropic creates force that can vector add with all the other forces of nature. I showed gravity and mechanical, with mechanical having sources based on all the other forces of nature.
Life can use osmosis to isolate a specific entropic force vector, and use that to do work and/or alter the free energy balance, via entropy, for equilibrium and enzymatic affects. The casino approach of biology; dice and cards, is trying to approximate the force that is assumed not to exist, but which shows affects that we measure. These cannot be accounted for by only the forces we assume do exist. This approach is no longer needed, if we understand the entropic force is the needed fifth force that makes it add up in a logical way.
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You are forgetting to do an energy balance around the system.
No I didn't.
But you forgot to do a mass balance.
You are also ignoring common sense (and consequently looking a bit silly).
On the side where there is salt, the concentration will always be higher than on the concentration where there is no salt.
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You are forgetting to do an energy balance around the system.
No I didn't.
But you forgot to do a mass balance.
You are also ignoring common sense (and consequently looking a bit silly).
On the side where there is salt, the concentration will always be higher than on the concentration where there is no salt.
I agree with your analyst of the mass balance. The salt cannot move the other way through the membrane. One side will never have salt if that side states with pure water. However, a chemical potential stills exists for a final state of balance. This lingering potential is reflected in the osmotic pressure head.
If I lift a large rock upward 10 meters, and I place it on a strong stone platform, it may not go anywhere but the potential energy is still there. In osmosis, the pressure head expresses the lingering potential.
The steady state goal is to balance the concentrations on both.sides. This is not physically possible given the semi-permeable membrane. The salt cannot move. Some residual potential will always remains; osmotic pressure head.
If we had a salt tablet in a glass of water, the water will diffusive into the salt and the salt will diffuse into the water until the concentration is balanced everywhere within the glass. If we add the membrane, the same final goal is in effect. However, water has to do both jobs, one of which is limited by the semi-permeable membrane. Water cannot turn itself into salt, so some potential is left unsatisfied.
The entropic force was in affect in the example of the glass of water and salt tablet. However, with both solvent and solute participating, the entropic force vectors cancel so we do not see any net entropic force. Osmosis isolates a single entropic force vector. In osmosis we can see a directional force vector. The fifth force of nature is limited to the liquid state and is used by the living state.
Ameboid motion is a good living application of the entropic force. A water mediated force pushes a finger like process or membrane material out of the membrane, The cell then moves into the finger process, changing its position in space.
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I agree with your analyst of the mass balance. The salt cannot move the other way through the membrane. One side will never have salt if that side states with pure water. However, a chemical potential stills exists for a final state of balance. This lingering potential is reflected in the osmotic pressure head.
Congratulations. You finally got more or less right about osmosis.
Now, do you accept that , even though you tried to defend it here
You are forgetting to do an energy balance around the system.
you were actually talking nonsense when you said this?
the concentrations will end up the same on both sides of the membrane.
And you were also wrong to try to defend it here?
You appear to work for CNN or some science bureaucracy propaganda wing.. What is the purpose of using fake news to undermine an interesting discussion that was based on sound and known science applied in new ways?
And that you were wrong to throw those insults in because, let's be clear about this; what you said was wrong?
You see, if every time you say something that's wrong (and history suggests that won't be rare) we need to correct you three or four times before you stop posting childish insults and actually accept that you were wrong, its very hard to distinguish your actions from trolling.
Are you going to try to behave like a grown up in future?
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The Entropic force is the subject of this topic. This fifth force is connected to entropy and free energy. This is why I took the energy balance approach.
Mass transfer is not the best way to go when you are talking about osmosis, entropic force and a semi-permeable membrane. It adds confusion and bogs down the topic on a tangent that is not relevant. I took the time to make a bridge, and now your doing a self righteous lap. Hopefully you can stay on topic in the future.
The pressure head created by osmosis contains potential energy, which is part of the system energy balance. The balancing of the concentration, on both sides of the membrane, if possible, would result in no pressure head. The pressure head that appears at steady state reflects how far away we are from a balance of concentrations. The system is not able to get there due to the semi-permeable membrane. However, the potential energy helped me to isolate the entropic force.
Below is a cool Youtube link shows entropic force vectors at work driving ameboid locomotion. Life can control mass transfer with membranes, and thereby isolate directional entropic force vectors.
https://youtu.be/bj1QLpHWNxE (https://youtu.be/bj1QLpHWNxE)
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Hopefully you can stay on topic in the future.
Pointing out that you were wrong (repeatedly, because you tried to pretend that you were right) is part of the topic because you introduced some obvious nonsense to the topic.
Do you accept that you were repeatedly wrong, and that you wasted my time as well as yours by trying to pretend that you were right?
Will you do that again, or have you grown up?
The pressure head created by osmosis contains potential energy,
Yes, that's because liquid is forced up against gravity.
The force involved is called weight.
It's the one which most of us first get to understand.
Why are you trying to pretend that it is some new mysterious one?
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Below is a cool Youtube link shows entropic force vectors at work driving ameboid locomotion.
It's a fine video.
The locomotion of amoeba is driven by electrostatic forces.
Nothing to do with this new one you keep imagining.Hopefully you can stay on topic in the future.
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Below is a cool Youtube link shows entropic force vectors at work driving ameboid locomotion.
It's a fine video.
The locomotion of amoeba is driven by electrostatic forces.
Nothing to do with this new one you keep imagining.Hopefully you can stay on topic in the future.
Osmotic pressure, where pressure equals force/area, is a colligative property meaning it only depends on the concentration of solutes and not the EM characteristic of the solute. Can you show us your proof this is driven by EM forces?
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Below is a cool Youtube link shows entropic force vectors at work driving ameboid locomotion.
It's a fine video.
The locomotion of amoeba is driven by electrostatic forces.
Nothing to do with this new one you keep imagining.Hopefully you can stay on topic in the future.
Osmotic pressure, where pressure equals force/area, is a colligative property meaning it only depends on the concentration of solutes and not the EM characteristic of the solute. Can you show us your proof this is driven by EM forces?
That only makes sense if you think amoeba move only by osmosis.
In the real world, they are driven my myosin or actin based systems- those systems are electrostatic in nature.
Still nothing to do with osmosis.
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The entropy of the universe has to increase according to the second law. While an increase in entropy will absorb energy. The net affect of the second law is a constant net loss of useable energy from the universe, since more and more energy becomes tied up in ever increasing entropy. Entropy can be reversed, on a local scale, but there is always more energy lost than gained, based on the second law.
The net affect is entropy is like an endothermic sink, that drains the universe of its useable energy. This energy is conserved, but it is not fully accessible. This ever increasing pool of dead energy changes the status quo of the universe; vector of time. This net drain of energy, implied by the second law, is the potential behind the entropic force.
The entropic force has a vector and can be used to retrieve some of the lost energy so it can be used. However, the pool of dead energy will still net increase because of the second law. A good example was matter and antimatter becoming only matter. This reflected a large loss of entropy and the retrieval of dead energy. Matter gained an entropic potential; radial vector.
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The entropic force has a vector
Does it point North or South?
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The entropic force has a vector
Does it point North or South?
The second law states that the entropy of the universe has to increase over time.Therefore the entropic vector is in the direction of the future. Time-space is a better way to describe the entropic vector, than is space-time. Space-time works easier with the other four forces.
In the case of osmosis, the experimental apparatus will establish the entropic potential. The vector in space is based on experimental decisions or conventions made in the past as the experiment was set up. It will not just go north or south or east or west, but is connected to a sequences of actions taken in time.
With reverse osmosis, we can use pressure to lower the entropy of the experiment. In this case, resetting the entropic potential points the vector toward a past state, that also lies within the future, since entropy can lower, but the action will also increase entropy to obey the second law.
Gravity will lower entropy using force within the radial space aspect of the time-space. However, this will be exothermic and will increase entropy in other ways. In the case of a star, the entropic vector will eventually right itself to the future; time-space, but via a new path due to gravity based phases changes within space-time.
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Therefore the entropic vector is in the direction of the future.
So, it's not a force then.
Why not stop wasting time by pretending that it is?
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Time-space is a better way to describe the entropic vector, than is space-time. Space-time works easier with the other four forces.
In the case of osmosis, the experimental apparatus will establish the entropic potential. The vector in space is based on experimental decisions or conventions made in the past as the experiment was set up. It will not just go north or south or east or west, but is connected to a sequences of actions taken in time.
With reverse osmosis, we can use pressure to lower the entropy of the experiment. In this case, resetting the entropic potential points the vector toward a past state, that also lies within the future, since entropy can lower, but the action will also increase entropy to obey the second law.
Gravity will lower entropy using force within the radial space aspect of the time-space. However, this will be exothermic and will increase entropy in other ways. In the case of a star, the entropic vector will eventually right itself to the future; time-space, but via a new path due to gravity based phases changes within space-time.
Word salad.
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The second law states that entropy has to increase. This increase is connected to time. Entropy increases over time but not necessarily in any particular physical direction in x,y,z. Entropy and time both increase to the future. The second law is clear on the entropic force vector.
An osmosis experiment sets up a physical limitation; membrane, so there can also be a directional vector for the entropic force, not just in time, but also in space; toward the pressure head. This is easier to model with time-space since the space vector created by the position of the membrane and the curvature of the glass tubing, can be placed in any direction, but time has to move forward.
In quantum physics the observer can impact the outcome. This is because one influence the entropic force based on how you set up the experiment. The vector is still to the future but the entropic force scaler can be modified by your apparatus.
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. Entropy increases over time but not necessarily in any particular physical direction i
Which is exactly why it isn't a force.
Also, if you multiply it be a distance, you don't get an energy.
You can't use it to squash a spring.
It just isn't a force.