1

New Theories / Do Black Holes turn into something like Quark Stars?

« on: 29/01/2024 17:13:27 »

I am not sure why we should consider black holes as something so odd when I think the answer has been with us for some time......

We know there are two things that define the type of star we get, mass and density in space time.  I think I got that right!  So we calculate the type of star from the amount of mass in a given area. Our sun for example, we know will not become a black hole as it does not have sufficient mass to collapse down that far.

As the mass increases and pressure then we get different types of stars that result in objects incredibly dense, such as a neutron star. This is at a point where the density becomes so high that it overcomes the electrostatic repulsion between protons, allowing them to merge with electrons to form neutrons. 

The pattern here seems to be that with increasing density, pressure and mass the atomic bonds of atoms themselves are altered under these conditions creating these dense objects.

Up until this point all the objects are known as stars.  Then we get to a black hole, now I see a black hole as just another type of star, a star where the density, mass and pressure have reached a point where it causes the particles in the atoms to become so squashed together that it allows for the creation of this super dense object aka a black hole. 

As we now understand blackholes are not eternal objects and I think the idea of infinite mass is just silly.  Nothing is infinite and cannot be, it is a mathematical concept that should not be applied to real world physics.

Black holes lose energy though Hawking radiation until it is thought they just kind of evaporate away. However I say that is not the case and cannot be the case.  What must happen is that after the density of the Black hole reaches a critical point, where the pressure is no longer able to maintain a singularity, then the black hole, or black star as i like to think of it as, becomes a different type of star, one that is visible again and maybe, just maybe these newly discovered Quark stars might be the candidate I am postulating should exist.

I bet there must be a pretty big bang when the black hole does snap into a less dense entity too?  I am not sure which way the energy would go, if you have an area where the very nuclear bonds between atoms is overcome what would happen when they are able to reform those bonds under less extreme conditions? 

2

Physics, Astronomy & Cosmology / If Andromeda is red shifted how can we collide with it?

« on: 28/01/2024 16:04:51 »

Andromeda is moving away from us as it is red shifted.  And yet we are going to collide with it. So how can we collide with an object that is red shifted?

It should be blue shifted if it is heading our way regardless of the universe expansion.

If the local gravity is overcoming the expansion and that is the explanation for our collision then how can it be red shifted when we observe it? 

(local dynamics, such as the gravitational interaction between the Milky Way and Andromeda, cannot explain why Andromeda's light appears redshifted if it is indeed moving towards us).

3

Just Chat! / Is E=Mc2 only as good as Newtonian Physics?

« on: 29/12/2023 02:08:56 »

I know this is obviously a very abstract question, allow me to explain more of my angle so to speak..

Newtonian Physics was seen as the breakthrough in Gravity being generated by mass itself and everything was all huncky dory until Mercury started raising more questions...

Following the subsequent toppling of this endorsed theory at that time Einstein was able to produce the answer which led to our little Mercury fitting nicely back into the scheme of things.

This doesn't stop progress, it accelerates it to new boundaries of science for which now we are in the same place before.  Using analogy I could say our little Mercury has returned to haunt us again. 

We know there is dark matter and dark energy out there, we know there is a quantum world where the commonly used expression "all laws of physics break down" seems to apply. 

Coincidentally at the same period of scientific evolution we have discovered some remarkable things about our Universe that even Einstein himself supposedly refuted at the end of his illustrious career.  Black holes and gravity waves for example.

Now we are being told that there are galaxies that should not exist, particles that can be in two places at the same time, the possibilities of a bouncing universe banging along like an engine ticking over, expanding and contracting until it finally runs out of energy in a truly vast amount of time from our perspective, is more than even a science fiction novel could contrive.

And so I ask the question, if E=mC2 fails to describe the quantum world then it is wrong?

4

Just Chat! / Sleep Experiment Completed 10 Years

« on: 27/12/2023 05:55:52 »

Hello everyone. 

So here I am after my ten year sleep experiment.  Each night for ten years I play the list of downloaded podcasts, starting with the latest one.  I found after a few years that I would even dream of the stuff they were talking about during the podcasts.  So it has been ten years now and I am wondering if all that time listening to science podcasts in my sleep has taught me anything.  I can't recall anything specifically but I do feel I have a pretty good general knowledge of science these days.

Has anything like this been tried before? 

5

New Theories / Spooky action proves extra dimensions?

« on: 27/12/2023 05:31:01 »

Title: Exploring the Nature of Instantaneous Information Transfer: Insights from Singularity and Missing Dimensions

Abstract: The concept of instantaneous information transfer, often described as "spooky action at a distance" by Einstein, has sparked intense contemplation regarding the fundamental nature of connectivity in our universe.

This paper delves into a multifaceted exploration of this phenomenon, considering various perspectives, including the absence of gravity, the absence of traditional time, and the implications of singularity at the universe's birth.


Introduction: Einstein's notion of non-locality, termed "spooky action at a distance," challenges conventional understandings of how information seemingly traverses vast distances instantaneously. In contemplating this phenomenon, three distinct perspectives have emerged: the proposition of an alternative dimension devoid of gravitational constraints, the consideration of time as a missing dimension facilitating rapid information transfer, and the intriguing connection to the universe's singularity at its inception.


Discussion: The first perspective postulates the existence of a dimension not governed by gravity, where communication occurs instantaneously. This paradigm shift in understanding the fabric of our universe implies a realm beyond the constraints of traditional spacetime, suggesting a deeper interconnectedness among all entities.
The second viewpoint proposes that rather than a dimension free of gravity, it is the absence or transcendence of conventional time that enables instantaneous information transfer. This interpretation implies a universe existing in a perpetual state akin to the singularity at its birth, where time ceases to be a limiting factor, facilitating instantaneous communication across vast distances.

Lastly, considering the singularity at the universe's inception, all matter existed in an intimately connected state, tightly intertwined as energy. This perspective suggests that the fundamental interconnectedness observed in phenomena such as quantum entanglement might be a remnant of this primordial state, where the boundaries of space, time, and gravity were yet to delineate distinct entities.


Conclusion: In summary, the instantaneous transfer of information challenges our current understanding of space, time, and connectivity in the universe. The three proposed perspectives?alternative dimensions devoid of gravity, the absence or transcendence of traditional time, and the connection to the universe's singularity?offer intriguing avenues for further exploration. These perspectives prompt us to contemplate a universe existing in a state beyond our conventional perceptions, suggesting a deeper, underlying reality that transcends our current scientific frameworks.

Acknowledgments: The author would like to express gratitude to the scientific community for the ongoing discussions and contributions that inspire deeper reflections on the nature of the universe and its fundamental principles.

Final word: The theory I've proposed aligns intriguingly with certain aspects of quantum theory, especially in understanding the behavior of particles at the quantum level.
Quantum mechanics showcases particles displaying behaviors like entanglement, superposition, and non-locality, behaviors that often challenge our classical understanding. The notion of an alternative dimension, free from usual constraints like gravity or time, could offer a framework to comprehend these quantum phenomena.
For instance, the concept of non-locality, seen in experiments confirming quantum entanglement, suggests instantaneous connections between particles, even when separated by vast distances. If there exists a dimension where constraints like distance or time don't apply, it might explain how particles communicate or influence each other instantaneously.
Furthermore, the absence or transcendence of traditional time, as suggested in my theory, could align with the peculiar behavior of particles in quantum mechanics. The idea of superposition, where particles seemingly exist in multiple states simultaneously, might find explanation in a framework where time operates differently or isn't a limiting factor.
I also proposed that the universe's singularity at its inception might be linked to quantum phenomena. This suggests that quantum entanglement could be a trace of the initial state of the universe when everything existed undifferentiated.
In essence, my theory offers a perspective that could bridge our understanding of quantum mechanics and the universe's fundamental nature. It posits the existence of dimensions or states beyond our conventional perception, providing a deeper framework to interpret quantum behaviors. Further exploration along these lines may unravel the mysteries of quantum phenomena and the fundamental structure of our reality.

Written by: Aaron Thomas BSc. (hons)

6

Chemistry / Could CO2 be sequestered from the atmosphere to make Graphene?

« on: 13/11/2015 03:19:33 »

If this is possible then it would definitely be a bonus.  Removing carbon from the air would be a positive use for one of the green house gases.

7

Physiology & Medicine / Could prolific Nuclear testing since 1945 be linked to increases in cancer?

« on: 16/10/2015 13:37:37 »

There is a youtube video that shows in animated form the nuclear tests conducted from 1945 - 1998.  The link is as follows

After watching this video I had to wonder about various factors.....

The video only shows official tests.  What it does not show are the many nuclear accidents and leaks. 

Given how dangerous even small levels of radiation can be to the human body, at what point could we say there might be a connection? 

As we know many of the tests conducted were above ground and the airborn particulates, that are highly radioactive, would be carried by prevailing winds to certain destinations.   Are there places in the world where cancer rates are higher than average that also happen to be essentially downwind of these test sites?

8

Just Chat! / Can anyone help me with this recording I made in my house?

« on: 28/09/2015 18:56:15 »

There are noises!   []

9

Just Chat! / Ahoy there....... I'm back and even more imaginatively dangerous!

« on: 17/05/2015 00:05:45 »

Wow it's been ages.... I have a lot to catch up on.  I just won a case at the European Court Of Human Rights and therein subsequently released..... my goodness how the absence of justice has screwed with my head. 

So I have been out of touch, out of sight and have lots to catch up on from this website.  Please bear with me as the cogs of the somewhat dulled brain need to be stimulated into action so I can raise some more ridiculous questions for the wonderful Naked Scientists.

 [:0]

10

Plant Sciences, Zoology & Evolution / Quantum evolution and the origins of life?

« on: 03/02/2013 21:05:30 »

After following many of the developments in Quantum Mechanics I found myself wondering about the origins of life. 

As we live in a Quantum Universe, and are subject to those laws, I have to wonder if Quantum mechanics plays, and has played, a larger role in evolution then we could possibly imagine.

To exist in our Universe any form of life would evolve incorporating the laws of the environment.

So what came first the Quantum egg or the Biological one?

11

Technology / Do Microwave ovens actually work safely?

« on: 27/01/2013 22:24:12 »

I put my mobile phone into the microwave carefully ensuring that it would not activate when I closed the door.  I watched the signal strength on the phone when I closed the door.  The signal bar only dropped half way each time I closed the door.  As mobile phones work by transmitting and receiving microwaves does that mean when I use my oven microwaves also escape?

12

Technology / Splitting Water, Can Graphene make this more efficient?

« on: 27/01/2013 01:05:13 »

 I mixed salt into tap water and used the cables for a jump starter as the anode and cathode in the solution.  I noticed by increasing the surface area of the one giving off all the hydrogen bubbles that it produced a larger quantity of the gas.  I collected the gas by filling a test tube with water and used a submerged funnel to catch all the gas given off. One of the terminals has a green substance begin to stick to the metal and I assume that was chloride. I collected enough hydrogen to fill a small 300ml bag in five minutes.  The reaction for gas emission was only around the terminal.

Now if I used Graphene as the material and made that multi-layered I could increase the surface area by an order of magnitude, would that increase the amount of hydrogen gas given off?  I also understand that Graphene is the most conductive substance currently available so I imagine that might help in the process?

Any ideas?

13

Complementary Medicine / Does Cannabis oil Cure some cancers?

« on: 26/01/2013 20:39:58 »

There seems to be a group of people that have had very positive results by using Cannabis oil in the treatment of some cancers.
Does anyone here have an opinion about this?  I know it is an illegal substance in most countries but in America there seems to be reports coming in of it being used successfully to treat patients.  Has there been any serious scientific study into these claims?

14

Physiology & Medicine / Could electromagnetic radiation exposure affect our cryptochromes?

« on: 26/01/2013 11:59:39 »

I have just sat and watched a new two hour documentary on the effects of Electro magnetic radiation of Cryptochromes in both Humans and other animals such as Birds and Bees. 

The documentary is called, Resonance - Beings of Frequency, it is free to watch on youtube.  I found some of the content quite disturbing and I have raised issues of frequencies before on this forum regarding Alpha wave frequencies and interference from non natural sources. 

It has been demonstrated that we all seem to have a natural frequency that appears to have evolved to coincide with the Earth's frequency otherwise known as the Schumann Resonance.

In humans the Crytochromes are connected with circadian rhythm, in Birds navigation as with Bees.  Our addiction to mobile phones may well be the cause of many unknown effects for animals sensitive to the Earth's magnetic field resulting even in the Colony collapse disorder which is destroying Bee populations across the world.

Has anyone ever seen a bird land on a mobile phone mast? 

As 4 billion people now use mobile phones everyday I imagine it would be very difficult to go backwards.  Also of course phones are not the only source of Electromagnetic radiation we have immersed ourselves and the environment in.  Wireless communications is another example!

As cancer rates rise and animal populations mysteriously decline I have to wonder if there is a connection with our Electromagnetic lifestyle?

15

That CAN'T be true! / UFO sighting and possible explanations?

« on: 25/01/2013 22:40:01 »

Some time ago a group of friends and I were out late at night on the Midsummer Solstice at a place called Bradgate Park overlooking the site for the Space Centre in Leicester.  We had not planned to go out on the solstice but as it happened that was the case. 

As we all entered the park and began to climb up a steep hill towards a monument known as Old John we could smell wood smoke coming from inside a small copse of trees.  We decided to investigate to see what the source was, peering over a stone wall we observed what appeared to be hooded figures practising some kind of ritual, moving around the fire.  It was quite scary so we all ran off and continued our way towards the top of Old John.

The view from up there was fantastic, the sky was very clear and as I like to sometimes observe the sky I did so.  Now this is where it got a little confusing......  I am quite familiar with satellites moving across the sky and have observed many of them over the years.  What I saw that night and indeed what we all saw is something at the time none of us had an explanation for.  At first it was just one, a light appeared on the horizon and seemed to gain altitude moving slowly higher and higher into the sky.  It moved in a non linear fashion but it was not erratic. Very quickly another light appeared on the other side of the horizon and finally a third in between the two. So one to the right, one to the left and one in front.  They all moved in the same fashion climbing into the sky.  They appeared to be a great distance away at first as they appeared over the Horizon and began to climb higher and higher into the sky. 
After about two to three minutes, although I must admit we all seemed to have lost track of time, they got close enough so that if you put your hand out at arms length it would cover the space they were in.

At that point they all stopped moving and had formed a triangle made by three points of light almost directly above us. Seconds after they stopped moving a shooting star seemed to appear right in the centre of them.  Then the lights seem to get bigger, some of my friends ran off terrified down the hill taking my car keys with them.  I do not know how long I was there for or what actually happened next as I seem to have problems recollecting anything. 

Does anyone have a rational explanation?  Does NASA or any other space agency use satellites to track incoming meteorites and if they did would the description I give be necessary in order to pinpoint an object entering the Earth's atmosphere?

I think I might have raised this question before on this forum I am not sure.

I did report the sighting the following day and also answered a local advert in the newspaper placed by someone asking if anyone had seen strange lights around Bradgate Park.  When I rang this person I discovered he was an ex policeman who had set up an investigation as unusual sighting were not uncommon in this area.  He told me Old John was a sacred site and that many people had reported similar lights at that site.  I'm not so sure about a spiritual explanation but I am looking for a scientific one.

Any ideas?

16

Geek Speak / HTML-5 & Neural networking?

« on: 25/01/2013 18:33:14 »

Is it possible using HTML-5 to allow the possibility of connecting thousands of computers together to create a neural network?

17

Physics, Astronomy & Cosmology / What would happen if a Black Hole Exploded?

« on: 24/01/2013 04:07:29 »

If an object with a mass of 17 billion times that of our Sun exploded what would happen?

I have to assume that the mass is coming from the Singularity as that is where all the matter is concentrated once it enters, as far as I understand from what I have read.

I am guessing that there would be quite a lot of energy released but in what form and would that eventually form matter?

Also if it's possible that light can exceed C in a singularity then would that create a larger explosion then would be currently predicted?

18

Just Chat! / Scientific Disagreements

« on: 17/01/2013 02:51:15 »

Consensus reports are the bedrock of science-based policy-making. But disagreement and arguments are more useful, says Daniel Sarewitz.

http://www.nature.com/news/2011/111005/full/478007a.html

19

Physics, Astronomy & Cosmology / How big would an orbiting object have to be to appear the same size as the moon?

« on: 17/01/2013 02:31:37 »

Does anyone know how big an object would need to be so that it appears to be the same size as the Moon when it is in near Earth orbit?

20

Plant Sciences, Zoology & Evolution / Does Epigenetic diversity cause conflict in the human population?

« on: 08/01/2013 14:43:25 »

Is this why some people kill and some people care?

I thought it was instinctive to help and protect others but clearly that is not the case... It would be interesting to see if babies born during wartime are more inclined to join the Army or commit murder.  Does anyone know if there has been any studies on this type of thing?