Naked Science Forum
Non Life Sciences => Chemistry => Topic started by: hogied on 08/03/2011 08:26:13
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I work at a water bottling plant and I'm just trying to figure out how to test our mineral solutions. I'd appreciate it if anyone can help me with this one.
One blend of water uses a sodium sulfate/sodium bicarbonate solution which is injected in RO water at a rate of .75ml per 1 gallon. The mineral solution is made of 96 gallons RO water, 30.72 lbs sodium sulfate and 50 lbs sodium bicarbonate. TDS on RO averages approx 0.8 ppm and the desired TDS on finished product is 12 - 18 ppm. What should the TDS on the mineral solution be to give me the desired result on finished product.
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I work at a water bottling plant and I'm just trying to figure out how to test our mineral solutions. I'd appreciate it if anyone can help me with this one.
One blend of water uses a sodium sulfate/sodium bicarbonate solution which is injected in RO water at a rate of .75ml per 1 gallon. The mineral solution is made of 96 gallons RO water, 30.72 lbs sodium sulfate and 50 lbs sodium bicarbonate. TDS on RO averages approx 0.8 ppm and the desired TDS on finished product is 12 - 18 ppm. What should the TDS on the mineral solution be to give me the desired result on finished product.
You multiply.
Might be a stupid question but you are adding the materail after the RO right? not before?
What is the material content of the 75ml sodium sulfate/sodium bicarbonate solution?
Is that us or uk gallon?
Need more info really your out by aleast 11.2 ppm
At a guess you need to up your lbs sodium bicarbonate by about 600 maybe more, and your lbs sodium sulfate 368.64 and again maybe more, I take it you wanna hit around 16 ppm, so you'll definately need more.
Don't go acting on that, as I said need more info but your numbers seem well out, but 96 gallons of RO is alot of RO.
Although I get the feeling you know and posted this as a joke to see what answer you got, Hows that?(mods I say that because it's his job)
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But any joking aside, you need to up your lbs sodium bicarbonate by about 750, and your lbs sodium sulfate by about 460.8, could really use that 75ml sodium sulfate/sodium bicarbonate solution figure thou.
Should give you 12.8 ppm [:o]
Just to clarify your lbs sodium bicarbonate should be atleast 800, and your lbs sodium sulfate atleast 491.52, for 12.8 ppm.
Do you want the figures for 16ppm? Well if you do you'll have to give the 75ml sodium sulfate/sodium bicarbonate solution figure, you dont have to AND I DONT HAVE TO ANSWER. the pain.
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So,
Basing in Uk gallons you're 96 gallons of RO water is about 437 litres
Converting the sodium bicarbonate 800 lbs to kg is 363kg and the 491 lbs of sodium sulfate would be 223 kg
So looking at it that's, wait a minute, 586kg of material added to 437 litres of water, that is not bad, it should give you a lot more than 0.8 ppm for the 437 litres of RO
You sure your figures are not a bit off?
You really put in 36.6kg of material and only got a 0.8 ppm, from 437 litres? You sure you're not putting it in before you run the water through the RO?
It is odd.
Wait, maybe the 75ml sodium sulfate/sodium bicarbonate solution is making the differnce? Maybe it's eating the other stuff on the side?
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Try this it a concerntration calculator
http://www.currentprotocols.com/tools/solution-concentration-calculator
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and ofcourse daltons
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalton_(unit)
Someone on here, I think his question is, how do I calculate Daltons?
The kgs are 36.6 and his litres 437.
Anyone? he has been waiting since the 8th of this month. I dont think it's fair I work it out, gonna take me ages.
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Anyone what is 36.6 / 1.660 538 782(83)×10−27?
Hogied if you ever come back and actually read any of this, it is funny, you learn a lot on this site.
But as best I can work out your ppm is 380.6948200540878ppm which is way over what you want. I have no idea how you got a figure of 0.8ppm
looks like you need to reduce your KGs, working out of metric cannot be helping you either.
Two secs and I'll see what your reduction should resonably need to be.
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Ok so to achieve 16.0ppm in 437 litres of RO water, the weight you add, needs to be about 209.76 grams. GRAMS.
0.46244 lbs. Total weight for both compounds combined.
your basically 210 grams all in.
So 130.2 grams of sodium bicarbonate 62%
and 79.8 grams of sodium sulfate 38%
In 437 litres of RO water should give you a 16.0 ppm.
Althought again I really do need the figures for the 75ml sodium sulfate/sodium bicarbonate solution. As it appears your amounts are seriuosly over what they should be. [:)]
Best I can do for you.
If you use the conveter I provided you can set the ppm you seek and it will tell you the weight you need to achieve it, relative to water quanity.
Still I look silly but I certainly learnt something. Very cool. I hope that helps, still I have no idea how you got 0.8 for the amount of material you were using.
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I work at a water bottling plant and I'm just trying to figure out how to test our mineral solutions. I'd appreciate it if anyone can help me with this one.
One blend of water uses a sodium sulfate/sodium bicarbonate solution which is injected in RO water at a rate of .75ml per 1 gallon. The mineral solution is made of 96 gallons RO water, 30.72 lbs sodium sulfate and 50 lbs sodium bicarbonate. TDS on RO averages approx 0.8 ppm and the desired TDS on finished product is 12 - 18 ppm. What should the TDS on the mineral solution be to give me the desired result on finished product.
I think I finally understood what you meant, what an idiot I am.
after only ever hearing about daltons a few hours ago, I am giving it up, with a TDS of 15.67KG. 9.7154 kg sodium bicarbonate and 5.9546 kg sodium sulfate and ppm of 16, for 96 gallons RO and 7200ml solution and nothing else.
The Daltons at 22.04819277108 and I seriously think that's probably totally wrong! But for all I have learnt trying to answer this question over the last few hours, that's my best go. I am now going to cry in my sleep.
certianly not deleting this when I wish to feel stupid I'll come and look at it.
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Just to clarify matters, Daltons don't enter into this problem as far as I can see.
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Just to clarify matters, Daltons don't enter into this problem as far as I can see.
Could you explain that? the Daltons change the ratios completly
If it was simply a case of ignoring the daltons, and mixing water with solids, it would be a lot easier.
The calculation for weight of solids:- Volume X concentration(ppm) X Daltons = Solid Weight
The calculation for Concentraion(ppm) is:- Weight + Volume + daltons = concentration at ppm.
So I do not understand why you think they are un-important.
Thanks for dragging me back to the topic thou.
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As a stab in the dark,
I think the calculation is first working out the molecular weight for sodium bicarbonate, then doing the calculations to arrive at 16ppm in 96 gallon RO mixture.
Doing the same for sodium sulfate, and then combining the two different figures to arrive at a mixture that has 16ppm for both substances in 96 gallon mixture, adjusting both as you do so.
Bored your a chemist, what is the answer to this problem?
There are two different issues at the same time TDS of the 96 gallon mixture at 16ppm(16ppm is probably best it gives you a variable of 2ppm up and down to stay with in the parameters of 12-18ppm) and the concentration of the 75ml solution to be added per gallon, to achieve that.
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84.01 molecular weight sodium bicarbonate,for a concentration at 9.92ppm, weight 370187.04064 grams.
142.04.Molecular weight sodium sulfate, for a concentraion at 6.08ppm, weight 383612.54144 grams.
96 gallons uk, Ro water or 437 litres, plus 7.2 liters of soultion, total liquid volume 444.2 litres.
Although it is kinda confusing that he is adding a 75ml solution to and gallon of RO water, but at the same time the solution is made up of 96 gallons of RO water.
Might be easier to reduce volumes, every gallon should be the same. one gallon equal 4.546 litres plus 75ml =4.621 litres
Yet that is way to many grams I think it's in the hundreds of kg, but then if only 75ml of that soultion is going to be added to a gallon of water maybe it should be thick.
Should you muliply the molecular weight, by the solid quanities?
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84.01 molecular weight sodium bicarbonate,for a concentration at 9.92ppm, weight 370187.04064 grams.
142.04.Molecular weight sodium sulfate, for a concentraion at 6.08ppm, weight 383612.54144 grams.
96 gallons uk, Ro water or 437 litres, plus 7.2 liters of soultion, total liquid volume 444.2 litres.
Looking at this another way, Daltons are stated to be one twelth of the atomic mass
so 84.01 / 12 gives you a dalton number of 7. for sodium bicarbonate,
and a dalton number of arround 12 actually 11.83 for sodium sulfate
so with a dalton number for sodium bicarbonate of 7, for a concentration at 9.92ppm in one gallon uk, weight needed is 315.67 grams
and with a dalton number for sodium sulfate of 12(11.83), for a concentration at 6.08ppm in one gallon uk, weight needed is 326.98 basically 327 grams.
TDS of 642.65 grams of material, in one gallon RO water should give you 16.00ppm.
And I think 642.65 grams might not saturate 75ml solution. [;)] come on it is 75 droplets could happen [::)]
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Looking at this another way, Daltons are stated to be one twelth of the atomic mass
so 84.01 / 12 gives you a dalton number of 7. for sodium bicarbonate,
So if that's the way you work out daltons.
For 96 gallons of RO water you'll need 61.69kg of material to get a 16.0ppm in all of it.
But again that seems like a lot of material, almost double, 10kg(plus) under double, the 36.6kg you currently claim your using to get a 0.8ppm number.
And I am trusting the calculator to be correct
http://www.currentprotocols.com/tools/solution-concentration-calculator
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I have asked others how to work out daltons, but no one seems to know.
So if that's correct,
To work out daltons you take the molecular Atomic wieght of each substance, and devide by 12.
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Still I do kinda think you just posted this as a joke to see what people would say.
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What should the TDS on the mineral solution be to give me the desired result on finished product.
So after a secound day looking at this, my final answer which could be wrong and probably is, IS:-
Your TDS should be for a gallon(uk) of RO water 642.65 grams:- with % ratios of 315.67 grams sodium bicarbonate at 62% and 327 grams sodium sulfate at 38%.
Muliplied, that should give you a 96 gallon solution at 16ppm.
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What should the TDS on the mineral solution be to give me the desired result on finished product.
So after two days my final answer which could be wrong and probably is, IS:-
Your TDS should be for a gallon(uk) of RO water 642.65 grams:- with % ratios of 315.67 grams sodium bicarbonate at 62% and 327 grams sodium sulfate at 38%.
Muliplied, that should give you a 96 gallon solution at 16ppm.
Another idea assuming your figures are correct.
You could add the 75ml solution to your RO water every 0.1523 ml. a 20 times increase if your figures are right should give you a gallon at 16ppm. 3.046 litres RO water with 1.5 litres of RO solution. total 4.546 litres or one gallon UK.
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Looking at this another way, Daltons are stated to be one twelth of the atomic mass
No. Absolutely not. Everything you have written here is the result of a misunderstanding. I'll explain below.
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Right. I'm going to go from absolute basics, and work up, to explain to Wybit what he's flailing about trying to understand... then if I get time I'll answer the OP...
Firstly... each atom of a particular substance (hydrogen, carbon, uranium, lead, gold) has the same number of protons.
Atoms also (mostly, except some hydrogens) contain neutrons. The exact number of neutrons may differ slightly, although not generally by very much.
Neutrons and protons weigh, to a reasonable approximation, the same amount. Which makes the maths easier. The weight of an individual proton or neutron is (roughly) 1.66 x 10 -27 kg. This unit of mass is known as a Dalton. So one proton weighs (roughly) 1 Da, one neutron also weighs (roughly) 1 Da. That's all a bit approximate, because, actually, the exact weights of protons and neutrons vary a tiny bit depending on what atom they're in.
An atom of hydrogen my be hydrogen-1, hydrogen-2 or hydrogen-3, the atomic number (number of protons) is 1 in all cases, and there may be 0, 1 or 2 neutrons giving an atomic weight of (more or less) 1, 2 or 3 Da.
An atom of carbon contains 6 protons, and 6, 7 or 8 neutrons. These are described respectively as carbon-12, carbon-13, and carbon-14 . The definition of the Dalton is 1/12 of the weight of one atom of carbon-12 (which is why I said all the other masses were approximate).
Incidentally, weights are often expressed in grams/mole, where one mole of any substance is 6.022 x 10 -22 atoms (or molecules). The mole is a number chosen such that that number of atoms of carbon-12, 1 mole of carbon-12, weighs 12 g. (And thus 1 mole of hydrogen gas, H2 weighs about 2 g).
The molecular weight given on the periodic table for a particular element is the mass per mole.. it's an average number that tries to take into account the masses and abundances of the different naturally occurring isotopes of the element, thus chlorine is given as having a molecular weight of 35.5 because about 3/4 of naturally occuring chlorine atoms are chlorine-35, and the other quarter are chlorine-37.
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Looking at this another way, Daltons are stated to be one twelth of the atomic mass
No. Absolutely not. Everything you have written here is the result of a misunderstanding. I'll explain below.
I was quoting a scientist I read that stated "one dalton was one twelth the molecular weight of a carbon atom"
Right. I'm going to go from absolute basics, and work up, to explain to Wybit what he's flailing about trying to understand... then if I get time I'll answer the OP...
Firstly... each atom of a particular substance (hydrogen, carbon, uranium, lead, gold) has the same number of protons.
Atoms also (mostly, except some hydrogens) contain neutrons. The exact number of neutrons may differ slightly, although not generally by very much.
Neutrons and protons weigh, to a reasonable approximation, the same amount. Which makes the maths easier. The weight of an individual proton or neutron is (roughly) 1.66 x 10 -27 kg. This unit of mass is known as a Dalton. So one proton weighs (roughly) 1 Da, one neutron also weighs (roughly) 1 Da. That's all a bit approximate, because, actually, the exact weights of protons and neutrons vary a tiny bit depending on what atom they're in.
An atom of hydrogen my be hydrogen-1, hydrogen-2 or hydrogen-3, the atomic number (number of protons) is 1 in all cases, and there may be 0, 1 or 2 neutrons giving an atomic weight of (more or less) 1, 2 or 3 Da.
An atom of carbon contains 6 protons, and 6, 7 or 8 neutrons. These are described respectively as carbon-12, carbon-13, and carbon-14 . The definition of the Dalton is 1/12 of the weight of one atom of carbon-12 (which is why I said all the other masses were approximate).
Incidentally, weights are often expressed in grams/mole, where one mole of any substance is 6.022 x 10 -22 atoms (or molecules). The mole is a number chosen such that that number of atoms of carbon-12, 1 mole of carbon-12, weighs 12 g. (And thus 1 mole of hydrogen gas, H2 weighs about 2 g).
The molecular weight given on the periodic table for a particular element is the mass per mole.. it's an average number that tries to take into account the masses and abundances of the different naturally occurring isotopes of the element, thus chlorine is given as having a molecular weight of 35.5 because about 3/4 of naturally occuring chlorine atoms are chlorine-35, and the other quarter are chlorine-37.
That's really great, but how do you work out a dalton? You basically saving that 1 da is 1 au, or hyrdogen weights one dalton.
If so what is the dalton for the sulfate and bicarbonate?
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Oh, and the original post.
I assume that TDS is total dry solids and that "RO water" has no dry solids (it's often useful, when posting questions on a board like this, to explain your terms, if they're not necessarily in daily use outside your field.
I'm not, having looked at it again, going to attempt to answer the question posed quantitatively, because there's no indication whether we're interested in US or UK gallons (or indeed some other sort). I'd suggest to the OP that if you still want an answer to this you re-post the question, converting all your units of mass, volume, etc. to grams and litres (the units of scientific study and, incidentally, internationally comprehensible), and re-post.
But actually it's a very straightforward calculation.
Total dry weight of dilute solution per litre = Total dry weight of concentrated solution * Volume of concentrated solution / Total volume of solution
Where the total volume of the solution is the concentrated solution volume plus the water it's added to. And the above can be rearranged as required to isolate the different terms.
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Rosy is the Dalton number for sodium bicarbonate 84?
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Oh, and the original post.
I assume that TDS is total dry solids
I thought it was "total disolved solids." as he wants the total solids disolved for a 12-18 part per mil, ppm.
And he stated in another post he's in Britian so I think it's UK Gallons
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I was quoting a scientist I read that stated "one dalton was one twelth the molecular weight of a carbon atom"
Which was entirely accurate, but that's the definition of a Dalton, and only applies to carbon atoms.
That's really great, but how do you work out a dalton? You basically saving that 1 da is 1 au, or hyrdogen weights one dalton.
If so what is the dalton for the sulfate and bicarbonate?
OK, firstly, you wouldn't describe it as "working out a Dalton", you'd describe it as "working out the molecular weight of the substance" (well, you would if I'm right about the question I think you're asking.
But yes, plus-or-minus the exact definition, 1 Da = 1 a.u.
So for sodium bicarbonate you'd work out the molecular weight as follows:
Formula - NaHCO3
(So that's 1 atom of sodium, one each of hydrogen and carbon, and three of oxygen, per formula unit)
I'm going to work in moles, because I'm a chemist and it's what I do...
One mole of sodium has a mass of 22.99 g
One mole of hydrogen has a mass of 1.00 g
One mole of carbon has a mass of 12.01 g
One mole of oxygen has a mass of 16.00 g
So 22.99 + 1.00 + 12.01 + 3 * 16 = 84 g / mole
Equivalently, one molecular formula's worth of sodium bicarbonate has a mass of 84 Daltons.
I'll leave the other compound as an exercise for the reader.
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Rosy is the Dalton number for sodium bicarbonate 84?
Well, leaving out that I wouldn't call it a "Dalton number", you've got that spot on. ;)
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I was quoting a scientist I read that stated "one dalton was one twelth the molecular weight of a carbon atom"
Which was entirely accurate, but that's the definition of a Dalton, and only applies to carbon atoms.
Well having no one to assit and the calculator no helping me as the Dalton kept messing up the figure I was looking for I thought Bi-carbon-ate. Umm devide the lot by twelve, It is a CARBON-ate.
That's really great, but how do you work out a dalton? You basically saving that 1 da is 1 au, or hyrdogen weights one dalton.
If so what is the dalton for the sulfate and bicarbonate?
OK, firstly, you wouldn't describe it as "working out a Dalton", you'd describe it as "working out the molecular weight of the substance" (well, you would if I'm right about the question I think you're asking.
But yes, plus-or-minus the exact definition, 1 Da = 1 a.u.
So for sodium bicarbonate you'd work out the molecular weight as follows:
Formula - NaHCO3
(So that's 1 atom of sodium, one each of hydrogen and carbon, and three of oxygen, per formula unit)
I'm going to work in moles, because I'm a chemist and it's what I do...
One mole of sodium has a mass of 22.99 g
One mole of hydrogen has a mass of 1.00 g
One mole of carbon has a mass of 12.01 g
One mole of oxygen has a mass of 16.00 g
So 22.99 + 1.00 + 12.01 + 3 * 16 = 84 g / mole
Equivalently, one molecular formula's worth of sodium bicarbonate has a mass of 84 Daltons.
I'll leave the other compound as an exercise for the reader.
Great the Dalton was 84 ok using that calcultor I came up with this figure eariler:-
For the whole 96 gallon mixture:-
84.01 molecular weight sodium bicarbonate, for a concentration at 9.92ppm, weight 370187.04064 grams.
142.04.Molecular weight sodium sulfate, for a concentraion at 6.08ppm, weight 383612.54144 grams.
Just to me that seem like a lot of grams...
Now I know the dalton are 84 for sodium bicarbonate...
For one uk gallon I am told by the calculator I must add:- 3788.5418432 grams of sodium Bicarbonate to give me a 9.92ppm concentration, is that correct Rosy?
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Rosy another question, why is it 84?
I'm going to work in moles, because I'm a chemist and it's what I do...
One mole of sodium has a mass of 22.99 g
One mole of hydrogen has a mass of 1.00 g
One mole of carbon has a mass of 12.01 g
As stated before shouldnt the carbon be set at a dalton of 1 not 12?
One mole of oxygen has a mass of 16.00 g
So 22.99 + 1.00 + 12.01 + 3 * 16 = 84 g / mole
Equivalently, one molecular formula's worth of sodium bicarbonate has a mass of 84 Daltons.
I'll leave the other compound as an exercise for the reader.
Shouldnt it be:-
22.99 + 1.00 + 1.01 + 3 * 16 = 73 g / mole. I would devide the .01 by twelve but too much hassle.
Shouldnt the daltons be 73 for sodium bicarbonate? If not why?
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You've been given the weight wanted, and there's no need to invoke the molecular weight or the molar concentration to do the calculation. You're making the whole thing unnecessarily complicated. But I'll ignore that for now.
No, the Dalton is defined as 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom, so one carbon-12 has a mass of 12 Daltons (to keep it in line with the original definition of an atomic mass unit which as far as I recall was based on the hydrogen atom).
I have other stuff I should be doing now, so am going to have to leave you to it...
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Im going to have a go at sodium sulfate
Sodium dodecyl sulfate C12H25SO4Na
Cabons 12. carbon weight 12.01g x 12 = 144.12 g / 12 = 12.01 daltons.
Hydrogen 25. mass of 1.00 g 25 x 1.00 = 25, AU equal to da = 25 daltons.
sulfer 1. 32.065g au equal to da = 32.065 daltons
Oxygen 4. mass 16.00g. 16 x 4 = 64.00g mass total = 64.00 Daltons
Sodium 1. mass 22.99g au equal to da = 22.99 daltons
12.01 + 25 + 32.065 + 64 + 22.99 = 126.056 daltons.
Is that correct Rosy?
looking at the post you made before as I was writting this, the answer is no.
Yet the molecular weight I found before was 142 for sodium sulfate, and if I add 144. instead of 12 the daltons will be 258.
So what is wrong here?
144.12 + 25 + 32.065 + 64 + 22.99 = 258.166 daltons
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You've been given the weight wanted, and there's no need to invoke the molecular weight or the molar concentration to do the calculation. You're making the whole thing unnecessarily complicated.
It's not me it's the calculator, it demands Daltons, I try to tell it, but it wont listen,
"Give me daltons" it's says "or you're never know what weight you'll need to get 16.0ppm in 96 gallons(uk) of RO water, nerr nerr"(I'm sure if it hand fingers it would wiggle them at me)
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Ah, well no.. Sodium dodecyl sulfate is not the same as sodium sulfate. The correct formula for sodium sulfate is Na2SO4.
Do you want to try again?
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Ok Rosy so thanks to what you told me and based on the calculator
I get:
3788.5418 grams of sodium Bicarbonate to give me a 9.92ppm concentration in one gallon(uk)
and 7135.6256 grams Sodium Sulfate to give a 6.08ppm concentration in one Gallon(uk)
Combining the two:
10.92416 kg of sodium Bicarbonate 62% + Sodium Sulfate 38% to give a 16.0ppm concentration in one Gallon(uk).
It's just under 11kg solids, in one Gallon, to get a 16.0ppm does that sound right?
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Ah, well no.. Sodium dodecyl sulfate is not the same as sodium sulfate. The correct formula for sodium sulfate is Na2SO4.
Do you want to try again?
Yeah I will now
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Sodium sulfate
Na2SO4.
Na Sodium 2. 22.99g mass x 2 equals = 45.98 unit equal da = 45.98 daltons
S sulfer 1. 32.065g au equal to da = 32.065 daltons
O Oxygen 4. mass 16.00g. 16 x 4 = 64.00g mass total. equal to da = 64.00 Daltons
45.98 + 32.065 + 64.00 = 142.045 OMG!
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So the first one I posted was with Sodium dodecyl Sulfate:-
3788.5418 grams of sodium Bicarbonate to give me a 9.92ppm concentration in one gallon(uk)
and 7135.6256 grams Sodium dodecyl Sulfate to give a 6.08ppm concentration in one Gallon(uk)
Combining the two:
10.92416 kg of sodium Bicarbonate 62% + Sodium dodecyl Sulfate 38% to give a 16.0ppm concentration in one Gallon(uk).
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And now actual sodium sulfate:-
3788.5418 grams of sodium Bicarbonate to give me a 9.92ppm concentration in one gallon(uk)
and 3926.0783 grams Sodium Sulfate to give a 6.08ppm concentration in one Gallon(uk)
Combining the two:
7.7146 kg of sodium Bicarbonate 62% + Sodium Sulfate 38% to give a 16.0ppm concentration in one Gallon(uk).
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Rosy are they ok? It's just under 8kg in one gallon, the calculator says that's the weights needed.
This is the calculator I'm using
http://www.currentprotocols.com/tools/solution-concentration-calculator
One gallon(uk) I calculate to be 4546ml
ppm at 9.92 or 6.08- M. as stated on the calculator
and then the Daltons
Just under 8kg for one gallon tho, there are 96 gallons total just seems like a lot of solid for 16ppm.
If I choose the smaller concentration setting mM for the bicarbonate it states I need 3.79grams to get 9.98. but I felt the ppm was the highier setting M as the guy who questioned was using 36.6kg to get 0.8ppm.
Rosy what's the difference between the M and mM settings which represents ppm? I can see mM deals with smaller parts.
Definition ppm
"This is a way of expressing very dilute concentrations of substances. Just as per cent means out of a hundred, so parts per million or ppm means out of a million. Usually describes the concentration of something in water or soil. One ppm is equivalent to 1 milligram of something per liter of water (mg/l) or 1 milligram of something per kilogram soil (mg/kg)."
Would I be right in thinking that M is parts per cent?
and mM is ppm?
Nightmare gotta re-do all the calculations
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OK...
If mM is the repersentation for ppm then I get
3.79 grams of sodium Bicarbonate to give me a 9.92ppm concentration in one gallon(uk)
and 3.93 grams Sodium Sulfate to give a 6.08ppm concentration in one Gallon(uk)
Combining the two:
7.72g of sodium Bicarbonate 62% + Sodium Sulfate 38% to give a 16.0ppm concentration in one Gallon(uk).
7.72g x 96 = 741.12g for the whole 96 gallons gives 16.0 ppm.
The maths is easier actaully if mM is the ppm.
But how can that be? The guy that posted claimed he was getting 0.8ppm for 36.6kg in 96 gallons?
Rosy is that right?
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If M is ppm
then:-
3788.5418 grams of sodium Bicarbonate to give me a 9.92ppm concentration in one gallon(uk)
and 3926.0783 grams Sodium Sulfate to give a 6.08ppm concentration in one Gallon(uk)
Combining the two:
7.7146 kg of sodium Bicarbonate 62% + Sodium Sulfate 38% to give a 16.0ppm concentration in one Gallon(uk).
if not then the above should read ppc parts per cent instead of ppm!
But I kinda think it's pretty clear.
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I work at a water bottling plant and I'm just trying to figure out how to test our mineral solutions. I'd appreciate it if anyone can help me with this one.
One blend of water uses a sodium sulfate/sodium bicarbonate solution which is injected in RO water at a rate of .75ml per 1 gallon. The mineral solution is made of 96 gallons RO water, 30.72 lbs sodium sulfate and 50 lbs sodium bicarbonate. TDS on RO averages approx 0.8 ppm and the desired TDS on finished product is 12 - 18 ppm. What should the TDS on the mineral solution be to give me the desired result on finished product.
DEAR Hogied,
Thankyou for helping me understand Daltons. Although really Rosy did, you did play some part in that.
As a final answer the TDS total disolved solids or total dry solids for the whole mixture should be about 741.12grams.
Although I think you want the part per cent and not part per million. but then your using a 75ml solution to add the material, go figure.
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Just quickly whilst I've got a moment:
There are two ways of measuring concentration.. one is by weight-per-solvent, the other by molar concentration.
Weight-per-volume is self explanatory, at least in principle. I think this is what is meant here, because it's the sort of thing you see written on the side of mineral water bottles. One ppm or part-per-million is one milligram of whatever the solid (or more generally solute) is per litre of water (since on litre of water weighs 1 kg, at room temperature), and one milligram is one millionth of a gram. So if the water contained 1 mg of sodium carbonate it would be one ppm sodium carbonate. This is why I said originally that we didn't need to worry about the molecular weights to do the calculations.
The molar concentration is to do (in effect) with the number of molecules (of whatever it is) in the solution. As I explained earlier, one mole of a substance is 6.02 x 1023 whatever the substance. And a molar concentration, a concentration of 1 M is 1 mole of the solute dissolved per litre. So if the molar mass of sodium bicarb is 84 g/mol, the mass of one mole of sodium bicarb is 84 g and to make a 1 M solution we'd put 84 g of sodium bicarbonate into a container, make up the volume to 1 L and bingo, a 1 M solution. A 1 mM solution has a concentration of 0.001 M (1/1000 of 1 M), so we'd use 84 mg or 0.084 g of sodium bicarb.
To make a 2 M solution of sodium hydroxide (Mw = 23 + 1 + 16 = 40) we'd use 2 x 40 = 80 g/L.
Is this starting to make sense?
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Just quickly whilst I've got a moment:
There are two ways of measuring concentration.. one is by weight-per-solvent, the other by molar concentration.
Weight-per-volume is self explanatory, at least in principle. I think this is what is meant here, because it's the sort of thing you see written on the side of mineral water bottles. One ppm or part-per-million is one milligram of whatever the solid (or more generally solute) is per litre of water (since on litre of water weighs 1 kg, at room temperature), and one milligram is one millionth of a gram. So if the water contained 1 mg of sodium carbonate it would be one ppm sodium carbonate.
So 16ppm is 16 mg.
This is why I said originally that we didn't need to worry about the molecular weights to do the calculations.
The molar concentration is to do (in effect) with the number of molecules (of whatever it is) in the solution. As I explained earlier, one mole of a substance is 6.02 x 1023 whatever the substance. And a molar concentration, a concentration of 1 M is 1 mole of the solute dissolved per litre. So if the molar mass of sodium bicarb is 84 g/mol, the mass of one mole of sodium bicarb is 84 g and to make a 1 M solution we'd put 84 g of sodium bicarbonate into a container, make up the volume to 1 L and bingo, a 1 M solution. A 1 mM solution has a concentration of 0.001 M (1/1000 of 1 M), so we'd use 84 mg or 0.084 g of sodium bicarb.
Simply put to make a 16M or 16ppm solution of sodium bicarbonate we add- 84 miligrams which is 1M x 16 = 1344miligrams or 1.344grams, for each litre. if not it's 1.344kg to a litre, at 84g times 16.
One thing a mil is a thousand, not a million. A kg is a thousand grams not a million grams, but it is a million miligrams.
So why does the calculator ask for Daltons? I assumed it was because the molecular weight effected the solvency. but as you said
the molar mass of sodium bicarb is 84 g/mol
you need the daltons to know the single ppm unit or M unit.
To make a 2 M solution of sodium hydroxide (Mw = 23 + 1 + 16 = 40) we'd use 2 x 40 = 80 g/L.
Is this starting to make sense?
80g per litre. One unit is 40, 2 units 80. 2ppm. I think it is.
Sorry I never studied this at school, and the guy maths just through me off completly.
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Could you give me a link to the calculator? Might help me explain what it's asking for!
16 ppm is only 16 mg if you're making 1 L of solution, because 1L water = 1 kg water = 100 g = 1,000,000 mg, so you've got 16 "parts solute" per million "parts solvent". If you're talking, as here, about mass-per-mass, you simply don't need to think about the molar concentration, and thus the molecular mass (in units of Daltons or any other unit) just doesn't come into it. There's no need to consider it.
The molar concentration is, numerically, completely different to the concentration expressed in ppm weight-for-weight. You're trying to conflate two unrelated things!
To make a 16 ppm solution, we take 16 mg of stuff, here sodium bicarb, and dissolve it in 1 L water (1000000 mg water).
To make a 16 mM solution (millimolar, 0.001 M) we want 0.016 moles of sodium bicarb per litre. 1 mole of sodium bicarb has a mass of 84 g, so 84 x 0.016 = 1.34 g, we dissolve 1.34 g of sodium bicarbonate in our 1 L of water.
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Hm. I think I'm playing whack-a-rat with a whole lot of misconceptions here. Each time I correct one, I create a new one.
I'm going to throw in the towel and suggest you get hold of a GCSE chemistry book and work through the section on solutions, because you're obviously interested but my explaining skills aren't up to doing this as Q&A in a text-only medium when I'm supposed to be doing something else... there are GCSE text books in your local library, and on the internet too. I reckon that's the level you want to start off with.
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Could you give me a link to the calculator? Might help me explain what it's asking for!
This is the calculator
http://www.currentprotocols.com/tools/solution-concentration-calculator
although I already linked to it.
16 ppm is only 16 mg if you're making 1 L of solution, because 1L water = 1 kg water = 100 g = 1,000,000 mg, so you've got 16 "parts solute" per million "parts solvent". If you're talking, as here, about mass-per-mass, you simply don't need to think about the molar concentration, and thus the molecular mass (in units of Daltons or any other unit) just doesn't come into it. There's no need to consider it.
Yeah I think the problem is conception of numbers. Metric follows for each kilo metre is 1000 metres, metres a humdred centmetres, and centmetres 10 minimetres.
so 100 centimetres is 100,000 milimters. 10cm 100 milimetres.
Kilogram 1000 grams, gram 1000 miligrams, but a 100g would be miligrams x 100= 100,000mg not 100 g = 1,000,000 mg
that's a kilo.
isnt it? are there not a 1000mg in a gram? and 100 centigrams in a gram? and 100,000 centigrams in a kilogram? a 1,000,000mg is one kilogram.
http://www.metric-conversions.org/weight/milligrams-to-grams.htm
http://www.unitconversion.org/weight/centigrams-to-grams-conversion.html
The molar concentration is, numerically, completely different to the concentration expressed in ppm weight-for-weight. You're trying to conflate two unrelated things!
Yet as you said the mass/mol figure gives you 1m or 1ppm, the daltons give you the 1m unit.
To make a 16 ppm solution, we take 16 mg of stuff, here sodium bicarb, and dissolve it in 1 L water (1000000 mg water).
To make a 16 mM solution (millimolar, 0.001 M) we want 0.016 moles of sodium bicarb per litre. 1 mole of sodium bicarb has a mass of 84 g, so 84 x 0.016 = 1.34 g, we dissolve 1.34 g of sodium bicarbonate in our 1 L of water.
I think I got it milmolers are 1000s of a miligram so there should be 1,000,000MM in one gram.
that to me (millimolar, 0.001 M)
Is one miligram. expressed as such 1,Gram 001miligram 001Minimoler one gram one miligram one minimoler surely should be expressed in number form as 1.001001
if not a miligram and a milimoler are the same thing .001
Or your shifting the point back three places from gram 1.000(to here) 1.001 one miligram one milimoler.
If you are doing that its abit confusing because and one miligram is expressed 0.001 and one minimoler is also expressed in the same way 0.001
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Sorry thats a microgram 1000 of a miligram so,
Just to clarify one kilogram, one gram, one centigram, one miligram, and one microgram I Believe should be written in number form as so:
1,001.011001
Kilo. gram. centigram, miligram, microgram.
But looking into it, a milimole is 1000 of a mole and a mole is, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mole_(unit)
"1 mol of calcium-40 has an approximative mass of 40g,
so 1 minimole of calcium-40 is 0.04 or 4 centigrams.
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/1_mole_is_how_many_millimoles
1 mole = 1000 millimoles, 1 millimole = 0.001 moles
and here it is expressed in the same way as a miligram.
It appears to me that a mole and a milimole are a totally different system of calculation, doing a differnt job to miligrams.
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I work at a water bottling plant and I'm just trying to figure out how to test our mineral solutions. I'd appreciate it if anyone can help me with this one.
One blend of water uses a sodium sulfate/sodium bicarbonate solution which is injected in RO water at a rate of .75ml per 1 gallon. The mineral solution is made of 96 gallons RO water, 30.72 lbs sodium sulfate and 50 lbs sodium bicarbonate. TDS on RO averages approx 0.8 ppm and the desired TDS on finished product is 12 - 18 ppm. What should the TDS on the mineral solution be to give me the desired result on finished product.
Last go, 4.546 litres, 9.98 ppm Daltons of 84 for sodium bicarbonate, 84mg is one unit, I seek 10 more or less 10 x 84 miligrams 840mg of sodium bicarbonate per litre.
840mg x 4 = 3.360grams. then .5 of a litre need half a unit = 420mg + 3.360grams = 3.780grams of bicarbonate of sodium for 4.546 litres should give 9.98-10ppm more or less, it's roughtly that I think.
Rosy is that correct for the bicarbonate of sodium?
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"It's not me it's the calculator, it demands Daltons, I try to tell it, but it wont listen,"
get a better calculator.
OK, I guess I should have done this earlier before Wiybit wasted so much of his time.
The question is "I work at a water bottling plant and I'm just trying to figure out how to test our mineral solutions. I'd appreciate it if anyone can help me with this one.
One blend of water uses a sodium sulfate/sodium bicarbonate solution which is injected in RO water at a rate of .75ml per 1 gallon. The mineral solution is made of 96 gallons RO water, 30.72 lbs sodium sulfate and 50 lbs sodium bicarbonate. TDS on RO averages approx 0.8 ppm and the desired TDS on finished product is 12 - 18 ppm. What should the TDS on the mineral solution be to give me the desired result on finished product. "
OK, the water starts with about 1 ppm of TDS and they want about 15 ppm so they need to add about 14 ppm.
They plan to do that by adding 0.75 ml/ of solution per gallon.
I guess its a US gallon. that's 3.79 litres.
0.75 ml in 3.79 litres is a dilution of about 5050 to one so the solution added needs to be about 5050 times 14 ppm
That's about 7% w/v
So Just to check.
Start with a solution containing 7% of whatever. That's 7 g in 100 ml or 7000 mg in 100 ml or 70 mg in 1 ml
Take 0.75 ml of it so 52.5 mg
Dissolve that in 3.79 litres
13.85 mg/ litre i.e 13.85 ppm
There's already 0.8 mg/l present so that makes a total of 14.65 mg / litre
That's nicely in the middle of the range (12 to 18) they asked for.
See, no Daltons and no moles. Barely any maths and certainly not several postings and several pages of stuff.
If you want that in UK gallons then it's 7*4.54/3.79
about 8.4%
Of course, it depends on how you measure TDS too.
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"It's not me it's the calculator, it demands Daltons, I try to tell it, but it wont listen,"
get a better calculator.
OK, I guess I should have done this earlier before Wiybit wasted so much of his time.
The question is "I work at a water bottling plant and I'm just trying to figure out how to test our mineral solutions. I'd appreciate it if anyone can help me with this one.
One blend of water uses a sodium sulfate/sodium bicarbonate solution which is injected in RO water at a rate of .75ml per 1 gallon. The mineral solution is made of 96 gallons RO water, 30.72 lbs sodium sulfate and 50 lbs sodium bicarbonate. TDS on RO averages approx 0.8 ppm and the desired TDS on finished product is 12 - 18 ppm. What should the TDS on the mineral solution be to give me the desired result on finished product. "
OK, the water starts with about 1 ppm of TDS and they want about 15 ppm so they need to add about 14 ppm.
They plan to do that by adding 0.75 ml/ of solution per gallon.
I guess its a US gallon. that's 3.79 litres.
0.75 ml in 3.79 litres is a dilution of about 5050 to one so the solution added needs to be about 5050 times 14 ppm
That's about 7% w/v
So Just to check.
Start with a solution containing 7% of whatever. That's 7 g in 100 ml or 7000 mg in 100 ml or 70 mg in 1 ml
Take 0.75 ml of it so 52.5 mg
Dissolve that in 3.79 litres
13.85 mg/ litre i.e 13.85 ppm
There's already 0.8 mg/l present so that makes a total of 14.65 mg / litre
That's nicely in the middle of the range (12 to 18) they asked for.
See, no Daltons and no moles. Barely any maths and certainly not several postings and several pages of stuff.
If you want that in UK gallons then it's 7*4.54/3.79
about 8.4%
Of course, it depends on how you measure TDS too.
Cool thankyou bored chemist.
I think what I miss understood form the begging was the 0.8, as far as I understood it he was saying they wanted between 12-18 but were only getting a 0.8, so what did he need to do to increase the solution level to get between 12-18? You've added a secound time to the same RO water after the first 75ml injuction.
I think it is Uk gallons, he's based in Britain.
0.75 ml in 3.79 litres is a dilution of about 5050 to one so the solution added needs to be about 5050 times 14 ppm That's about 7% w/v
Right so the 75ml solution it to be 5050 times 14ppm, he is using sodium bicardonate and sodium sulfate and the ratios are 62% and 38% per ppm.
The 7% w/v is water volume I take it? 7% of the 75ml solution should be 14ppm, to achieve the correct increase?
The thing I have trouble with is 75ml isnt much liquid, is really possible to add the 14ppm needed for the gallon, to that? You claim it is, but it just seems very tight to me, do you get what I'm saying? It 75ml of solution to increase the ppms of a gallon by 14ppm.
I dont know I'm not Chemist you are.
Thanks for the reply.
One last thing the equasion I placed in my last post, what would that achieve in a uk gallon mix if you did it, in terms of ppm, adding 3.780 grams of sodium bicarbonate, what would that raise the ppm to, if it was plain RO water as I assumed, no ppm present?
I just want to know how I did?
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Sorry Bored Chemist, stupid as always,
I'll just asked the frigging calculator. So silly!
Looks alright for mM.
I get 9.89881mM
and 0.0831500 v/W
or
uM 9898.81
ppm 831.500, so that's well off.
or
per uM3 5.96120e+6
ppb 831500
Moler 0.00989862
Mass against, molecular concentrations.
http://www.calctool.org/CALC/chem/molecular/solution
Anyway gonna give up on chemisty I think.
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"One last thing the equasion I placed in my last post, what would that achieve in a uk gallon mix if you did it, in terms of ppm, adding 3.780 grams of sodium bicarbonate, what would that raise the ppm to, if it was plain RO water as I assumed, no ppm present?"
OK
3.78g in 1 gal
3.78g in 4.54 litres
0.83 g/litre
830 milligrams/ litre
830 ppm
Not close.
Why do you keep talking about daltons, molarities and moles?
Try the calculator here
http://www.calctool.org/CALC/chem/molecular/solution
(It's the one you cited.)
Put in 3.78g in 1 Imp gallon and it tells you that it's about 800 ppm.
Put any number you like in the molecular mass box ( and any units). It even gives the right answer in ppm when you put a negative molar mass (which is, of course, impossible) because it doesn't need to know it.
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"One last thing the equasion I placed in my last post, what would that achieve in a uk gallon mix if you did it, in terms of ppm, adding 3.780 grams of sodium bicarbonate, what would that raise the ppm to, if it was plain RO water as I assumed, no ppm present?"
OK
3.78g in 1 gal
3.78g in 4.54 litres
0.83 g/litre
830 milligrams/ litre
830 ppm
Not close.
Why do you keep talking about daltons, molarities and moles?
Well I came in knowing nothing really and then after looking into it a bit the concentration calculator stated it needed daltons to assess the ppm needed.
Try the calculator here
http://www.calctool.org/CALC/chem/molecular/solution
(It's the one you cited.)
You did say find a better one [;)]
The first one I used would only work having a dalton figure.
Put in 3.78g in 1 Imp gallon and it tells you that it's about 800 ppm.
Put any number you like in the molecular mass box ( and any units). It even gives the right answer in ppm when you put a negative molar mass (which is, of course, impossible) because it doesn't need to know it.
It's werid I get 1 ppm as 4,547micrograms or 0.004547grams or 4.547miligrams
PPm is parts per milionth of a litre correct?
4.5miligrams give a ppm of 1 actually it's 4,546.1 mircograms or 0.0045461grams
Giving 0.0727376 grams nes for a 16ppm it's 72,737.6 micrograms. 72.7376mg
73mg in 75ml of water goes I think, almost 1 for 1 mix, solids to liquid.
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So knowing I need to add arround 73mg to the gallon of water to get a ppm of 16ppm.
He already has 0.8
73mg / 100 = 0.73 x 62 = 45.26mg of sodium bicarbonate
73mg - 45.26mg = 27.74mg of sodium sulfate
so making a 75ml RO soultion with 27.74mg sodium sulfate and 45.26mg sodium bicarbonate
then adding that to one gallon with a 0.8ppm
Should give a gallon RO with 16.8ppm
Ofcourse I have increase the mg to 73mg an increase of 0.2624mg
The calculator tells me 0.2624mg will increase the ppm by 0.0577199ppm
So the actual ppm of the Gallon Ro should be if I did that 16.8577199ppm
Almost 17ppm
Is that correct? I think that is.
The 75ml shouldn't effect the ppm too much should it?
To have 0.8pmm in the Ro gallon he already had 0.0036368grams
Adding 75ml to the gallon gives me a litres of 4.621
Adding 0.0036368grams to the 73mg gives me 0.0766368grams in 4.621 litres
Or 76.6368mg in 4,621ml
The ppm I get is = 16.5845 Umm
I made it 16.85 before but then I changed from Gallon to litres and added the 75ml.
So the effect of the 75ml in the gallon looks to be about 0.21 something ppm
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Bored Chemist would this be fair
I know he has 3.6368mg in the gallon giving him 0.8
I know for a gallon to get 16ppm you add 72.7376mg.
So minusing off 3.6368mg from 72.7376 = 69.1008mg
Using your 4.54Litres for a gallon an increase of 75ml is 4,615ml
to get 16ppm in 4,615ml we need 73.84mg or 0.07384grams
he already has 0.8 in a 4,615ml mix
We are adding another 75ml taking it to 4,690ml needing 75.04mg to achieve 16ppm
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So to get 0.8 in 4,615ml he must have 3.692mg of stuff
We are going to add 75ml increasing the volume to 4,690ml
to get a 16ppm we need 75.04mg in 4,690ml
So minuing off the 3.692mg from 75.04mg we get 71.348mg needed
so making a 75ml solution of 71.348mg
at 71.348mg / 100 = 0.71348 x 62 = 44.23576mg of sodium bicarbonate
71.348mg - 44.23576mg = 27.11224mg sodium sulfate
You know what, actually chemistry is quite beautiful
Ok so mixing 27.11224mg of sulfide and 44.23576mg of bicarbonate to 75ml Ro
Then adding that in total to the mixture
A 71.348mg in 75ml solution, added to 4,615ml with a 0.8ppm
Gives total liquid 4,690ml and total solids of 75.04mg
That gives on the calculator a ppm of 16ppm.
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He has 4,615ml RO water with a 0.8ppm
adding to that, 71.348mg of sodium sulfate(38%) and sodium bicarbonate(62%) in 75ml solution.
Should give
4,690ml with a ppm of 16.0ppm
Bored chemist hows that?
it's 75.04mg in 4,690ml or 0.07504Grams in 4.69 litres
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I work at a water bottling plant and I'm just trying to figure out how to test our mineral solutions. I'd appreciate it if anyone can help me with this one.
One blend of water uses a sodium sulfate/sodium bicarbonate solution which is injected in RO water at a rate of .75ml per 1 gallon. The mineral solution is made of 96 gallons RO water, 30.72 lbs sodium sulfate and 50 lbs sodium bicarbonate. TDS on RO averages approx 0.8 ppm and the desired TDS on finished product is 12 - 18 ppm. What should the TDS on the mineral solution be to give me the desired result on finished product.
Hi Mr H
O.k you have 96 gallon mix ro water with 80.72 lbs solids or 36.6139761064kg
Your ppm for that mixture are 83863.3ppm(a correction they are 83895.3)
You are then adding 75ml of that to another RO Gallon and seeking a 12-18ppm
96 gallons into litres is 4.54 x 96 = 435.84 litres with a 83863.3ppm
435,840ml / 75ml = 5811.2 doses. say 5811
83863.3ppm / 5811 = 14.43ppm and lots of other 1s and 3s and such.
So I think what your asking is "why am I only getting 0.8ppm? Because the 75ml solution I add should have about 14.43ppm in it"
Except that's going into a Gallon.
Your 75ml soultion has about .00108grams inside it.
So if I put that in a gallon(uk) I get a ppm of 0.237567ppm
You claim you're getting 0.8ppm, which to me suggest that the concentration is slightly higher than .00108grams probably around .0037grams per 75ml you add, giving you around 0.8ppm.
If I'm right.
You need to increase the 96 RO gallon mixture you use for the 75ml soultion.
By well lets think about it,
To get a ppm in gallon(uk) of 16ppm you need your 75ml solution to have 0.073grams or 73mg in it.
73mg times by 5811.2 = 424217.6 which is 424.2176KG
I believe your ratios are 62% Sodium bicarbonate and 38% sodium sulfate
so 424.2176 / 100 = 4.242176 x 62 = 263.014912kg or 263kg of sodium Bicarbonate
424.2176 / 100 = 4.242176 x 38 = 161.202668 or 161.2kg of Sodium Sulfate.
So if that is what you are doing.
Your current 36.6kg of sodiums, in the 96 Gallons RO mixture for the 75ml solution is way too small.
What you need to do is put in 161.2kg of sodium sulfate to the 96 gallons and 263kg of sodium bicarbonate. Then your 75ml solution from that should have a concentration high enought for 75ml to increase the ppm in a gallon of RO water to 16ppm.
It's 424.KG of solids in 436.litres roughly.
That mixture should give you a solution where 75ml of it will cause a Gallon(uk)of RO water to get a ppm of arround 16ppm.
If that's what you are doing.
Rosy or Bored Chemist if that is what he wants, to make up a 96 gallon Ro solution of two different sodiums, then to use 75ml of that solution to make another Gallon have a ppm of between 12-18ppm is that right?
From what you have shown me I think it is.
What should the TDS on the mineral solution be to give me the desired result on finished product.
TDS on the 75ml solution 73mg. ppm on 75ml solution 973.333ppm
TDS On RO 96 gallons for the 75ml solution 424.203Kg and you should get around 5811- 75ml solutions from it.
TDS on a Gallon RO for a 16ppm 0.073grams
73mg / 100 = 730 micrograms x 62 = 45.26mg sodium bicarbonate 62%
73mg / 100 = 730 micrograms x 38 = 27.73mg sodium sulfate 38%
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Todays episode of sesame street
Was brought to you but the letter C
The search for Dalton(who ever he is), micrograms, the number 142.
And this handy KEY. Someone suggested I put up.
--------------------------------------
RO- Reverse Osmosis
PPM- Parts per million
ml- mililitre
mg-miligram
Kg- kilogram
Lbs- Pounds weight
TDS- Total disolved Solids. or it can also mean. Total Dry solids
Dalton- or DA, a number for the atom weight of a chemical or substance. SAME AS: AU- Atomic Unit.
MATHS:-
/ Divide
= equals
X multiply
+ plus
- minus
Calculators:-
For solution concentrations:-
http://www.calctool.org/CALC/chem/molecular/solution
http://www.currentprotocols.com/tools/solution-concentration-calculator
For mililters
http://www.metric-conversions.org/weight/milligrams-to-grams.htm
http://www.unitconversion.org/weight/centigrams-to-grams-conversion.html
Calculator normal
http://www.calculator.com/pantaserv/makecalc
converters
Gallons to litres
http://www.metric-conversions.org/volume/uk-gallons-to-liters.htm
Lbs to KG
http://www.convertunits.com/from/lbs/to/kg