1

New Theories / Re: What exactly is gravity?

« on: 14/04/2021 12:44:35 »

Even now, gravity is a mysterious one.  On Earth it is giving weight, where as in space, it is giving weightlessness and free fall. 

Basic difference is, why gravity is behaving differently on Earth and in space, though same medium or field. 

As per Einstein’s thought experiment it is clear that there is gravity inside the closed elevator and it is giving same weight as that of on Earth.  If the elevator is moved up, Einstein did not notice one important point that we are lifting the frame only and in turn it drags the contents therein, gravity start pooling or concentrating at the bottom.

Ok, suppose if you accelerate in a car, we have to remember that engine is moving the frame and in turn frame drags the contents therein including gravity field.  When the car accelerates forward, gravity spreads equally, start collecting at the end, pushing you backward.  Here, we can notice two important qualities of gravity, collecting at the end shows it’s heavier.  If the car attains velocity, it once again neutralizes, so another quality of moving from high to low.

Ok, let us revisit what Galileo Galilei wrote about the relative motion of objects, even before Newton had his work.

“If you are in a closed room on a ship sailing at a constant speed and the ride is perfectly smooth, objects behave as they would on land. There’s no physical experiment you could conduct to tell whether you’re moving or stationary (assuming you’re not peeking out of a porthole). This is the core idea behind relativity, and is the same reason why we don’t feel our planet’s movement around the sun, or our solar system’s movement through the galaxy”.

Galileo’s equivalence principle is extra-ordinary:
01   If you are in a closed room of a ship, sailing at a constant speed and if ride is perfectly smooth, objects behave as if on land. 
02   One can not differentiate, moving or stationary.
03   This is the reason, why we don’t feel our planet’s movement around the Sun or solar system’s movement through the galaxy.

Galileo’s equivalence is between:
“Closed room”  to “Earth”. 

“If you are in a closed room and if sailing is smooth, objects behave as if on land”.

Galileo says, in a closed room, if the sailing smooth, he could not differentiate, whether he is in the room of a ship or on Earth.

By this we can draw conclusion that Earth is a closed one, as that of a room, what else proof is needed. 

Since Earth is a closed one it is paving way for pooling or concentration of Gravity field.  It is not an instant one.
01   Closed elevator clearly tells us that this field is heavier and it also moves from high to low. 
02   Since it is heavier, it appears that it is moving towards Earth, we are getting the feeling that it is a spatial flow.
03   Suppose let us take that you are in a water pond, on the surface, you will get the feeling of weightlessness.  As you go deeper and deeper, one will get the feeling of weight.
04   Ok, suppose there is a water canal and water is flowing in one way.  If you start your journey along with water movement, it takes you down effortlessly.  If you try to move in opposite direction, you have to put total energy.
05   Let us imagine that you are in the middle of water pond, if you don’t put any effort water takes you down, it is free fall.
06   In case if you want to go to surface, definitely you have to use energy, to overcome water resistance, it is gravity.
07   If you go deep in the pond, water density increases, similarly gravity field density is also increasing on Earth’s surface.
08   We are taking this density as Gravity. 
09   This density is higher on Earth’s surface when compared to gravity field in the outer surface.
10   As the density increases, its effect on the objects also increases.
11   Apple is coming down to the Earth, it is free in fall.  At the same time, Gravity is pushing the apple.  So, both the theories, Newton and Einstein are correct.
12   In the outer space, as that of water canal, there is a flow of medium or gravity.  Planets are not in free fall by themselves.  If you are in a water canal, without putting any effort water takes you down. 
13   Similarly there is a flow of energy in the outer space.  As assumed by Einstein, if you place any mass in the space it will curve the space around it. 
14   Curvature or distortion of space is only feature of mass.  It only gives weightlessness. 
15   It is only due to flow of energy in the lanes, planets are in free fall or moving or going round the Sun.
16   Rotation  of planets clearly indicates, how and where the medium or gravity is flowing or moving.

Einstein’s equivalence is between:
“Closed room of a ship” to “Closed room of a space ship”.
01   Einstein’s idea is that, there is also gravity in the “room of a space ship”, which is far away from mass.
02   His idea is that, thrust of the engine of space ship has created or developed gravity field inside the room of the space ship. Gravity due to thrust of the engine and the gravity field on Earth are one and  the same. 

But, Einstein forgot one important point. The cabin of the space ship, as that of elevator, is locked here on Earth, in the strong gravity field.  For that there is no proof,   thrust of engine increasing or decreasing gravity.  Since the cabin is closed here on Earth, a part of the gravity is also locked.  It is surprise to see, gravity field even in small area such as cabin, giving same weight.

Here, Einstein’s equivalence is proper and valid though idea is wrong.

Whereas the Galileo’s equivalence is different, it is in between closed room of a ship to Earth.  So, indirectly he wants to convey the message that Earth is a closed one. 

Saying that Earth is not closed but open is easy.   Here, we have to remember one important point that it is paving way for gravity field on Earth.  If Earth’s doors and windows are strong, strong gravity, if weak, weak gravity. 

Gravity on Earth is behaving like water in a pond.  There is strong gravity field on this Earth.  As assumed by Einstein, if a person dives from top of the building, he is a co-mover along with gravity.  It is true that he is in free fall.  But without gravity or in the absence of gravity field on Earth, as assumed by Newton, he will remain at the top itself.  If you dives into water pond, one need not put any effort, it takes you down.

Well, water in the pond or medium is appearing to us, but the gravity field is not appearing or invisible to our naked eye.  But its effects clearly tells us that it is a field present on the Earth.

Since space of the Earth is closed, this field is behaving like water in the pond.  In case if it is not closed, things will be different, the medium flowing in the space will touch earth and we will feel its effects directly.  There is no scope for rotation except it will go round the Sun, revolution.

Galileo’s equivalence clearly tells us that Earth is having doors and windows and it is paving way for Gravity field.  Since this field is stable it is behaving like water in the pond. 

Now science developed a lot and we have explore different possibilities how Earth got this doors and windows or closed from all sides.  I would like to propose the following:

It is true that:
Water is one of four elements, and the only natural substance that can exist in all three states of matter – solid, liquid, and gas – at the temperatures normally found on Earth.

The gaseous state of water is present continually in our atmosphere as water vapor. The liquid state is found everywhere in rivers, lakes, and oceans.

This gaseous state of water itself is working like doors or windows or encircling the Earth’s atmosphere.  It is not allowing free movement of gravity field with the open space.  Suppose if it happens so, it will turns out like a cabin of the space ship.  It is true that cabin of the space ship is blocked in a strong gravity field.  As the space ship accelerates more than 9.81 m/s, space time of the cabin fails to interact with the outside space time.  Ones it reaches destination, it start interacting and neutralizes. 

If the space time is most curved, gaseous state of water is pushed upwards, gravity is higher.  If the space time is least pushed, gaseous state of water is coming down, gravity is weak.  This is an indication.

Yours
Psreddy

2

New Theories / Re: What exactly is gravity?

« on: 28/03/2021 16:34:57 »

HOW GRAVITY WORKS:
“Matter tells space how to curve, and curved space tells matter how to move”.

That's the basic principle behind Einstein's General Relativity, which linked, for the first time, the phenomenon of gravity with that of spacetime and relativity.

Place a mass down anywhere in the Universe, and the space around it will be curved in response.

No doubt, it is the outstanding and wonderful idea of Einstein. 

Event 1:
01   Ok, suppose scientists have developed a new satellite to be launched into the space.
02   Let us take its weight as 10 kgs.  As usual it also curved or distorted space time around it.

Event 2:
01   Now scientists have launched the satellite into the space.
02   Here, once again it curves the space time around it.
03   But there is no weight, in other words it is in weightlessness condition.
04   We are talking about Gravity or weight, whether it is in inertia or not.

Same mass, satellite, gravity is giving weight on Earth and weightlessness in space.  Here on Earth, curved space time is telling satellite to move towards the Earth and in space, same curved space is telling satellite to go round the Earth.

Why this difference?.  It Is true that, at both the places the satellite curved the space time around it.

But there is something influencing this curved space of the satellite.  It appears that Einstein new this, but he could not.

Ok, let us take that, on a full moon day, moon is reflecting back light received from Sun.  It is not producing any energy,  simply reflecting back additional energy only. 

01   It is true that Moon curves the space time around it.
02   Energy coming from the Sun is charging the gravity field of Moon.
03   Additional energy is moving into the space time of the Earth and charging the curved space.
04    Suppose, all the planets are at rest, energy moves in straight line.
05   Now, suppose, for any reason, curved or distorted space of Sun started moving.
06   Definitely, it will be having its impact on Earth and Moon.
07   Now, energy moving in straight, start bending. 
08   Well, it is true that space time of Moon is curved or distorted.
09   Now energy coming from Sun, in a sloped manner, enters the curved space of Moon.  It start moving along with curved space in geodesics.
10   In turn, this curved space tells mass how to move.
11   Since moon start rotating surplus energy coming from Moon moves in sloped manner.
12   In turn it charges the gravity field of Earth. 
13   This charge is not straight but in a sloped manner. 
14   Whether it is straight or sloped, water will not move unless there is a movement. 

It clearly tells us that there is a medium, energy and it is causing or aiding mass to curve the space time and to rotate.

What else proof is needed.

Ok, scientists have developed a satellite, weighing 10 kgs.  As per General relativity every mass curves the space time and hence satellite is no exception.
 
01   Satellite also curves or distorts space time around it.
02   As assumed by general relativity, gravity is a “spatial flow”.
03   So, there is a medium or energy is flowing towards the centre of the Earth.
04   While flowing, as happened in the case of Moon, it start moving along the curved space of the satellite.
05    In turn it drags or forces, which is known as weight, towards the ground.

In the space:
01   Here also, no doubt satellite curves or distort the space time around it.
02   Energy flowing in the space, moves along with the curved space.
03   Satellite start moving along with spatial flow.
04   If the satellite resist, it is weight.  But it is not as it is on Earth, due to several reasons.

In a vacuum chamber:
01   All the masses weigh equally.
02   They also fall at the same rate.
03   Gravity or weight is directly proportional to curved space or distorted space.  This is the reason, Newtons inverse square law appears to be true at several places.
04   In a vacuum chamber all the masses fails to curve the space around them.
05   In the absence of curved space, influence of gravity is far limited or nothing and hence all the masses fall to the ground at the same rate.

Yours
Psreddy

3

New Theories / Re: What exactly is gravity?

« on: 22/03/2021 16:52:07 »

Quote from: Kryptid on Yesterday at 19:39:56
Quote from: Zer0 on Yesterday at 18:46:48
Why is it that You always Specify the Apple falling onto the Earth?

Why can it Not be the other way around...that the whole damm planet is rising up to catch the falling Apple?
Technically, both accelerate towards each other.
Under any theory, acceleration is absolute, as required by conservation of momentum.

Under Newtonian physics, both accelerate towards each other, but the apple accelerates much more than does Earth such that the momentum change of each of them is equal and opposite.

Under Einstein's physics, the ground exerts a force on the tree accelerating the tree away from the recently detached apple.  The apple doesn't accelerate at all, instead following a geodesic. An accelerometer on the apple would read zero g. The ground immediately under the tree (not the whole Earth) traces a curved path through spacetime due to the compressive net EM force being exerted on it from below. An accelerometer on the ground would measure that one g of proper acceleration.

That is right.  Let us imagine that you are in a elevator and it is accelerating forward.  If you let a ball to fall, for the third person, it is not clear whether the bottom of the elevator is raising towards the ball or the ball towards bottom.

01  Elevator is a small area to decide anything.
02  If the elevator is lifted, we have to remember an important point that we are lifting the frame of the elevator only.
03  In turn it lifts the contents there in.
04  It is also proved that unless there is a change, up or down, there is no change within the elevator.
05  When the elevator is moved up, gravity is moving down, pushing you down.
06  When you left or drop the ball, elevator is not at rest or stationary.  It is moving. 
07  Definitely, by the time the ball reaches bottom, bottom of the elevator is already moving up.
08  Isn't it something wrong assumption?.
09  For an apple, Earth is a huge mass. 
10  Free fall is correct  It is the Gravity, taking you down.  If there is no gravity, as assumed by Newton the ball will remain then and there in the tree itself.
11  From the elevator example it is clear that gravity is a field present on the Earth.
12  Huge masses such as Earth curves or distorts space time in which other small masses such as Moon rotates.
13  As per Einstein, apple did not fell on the head of Newton,  Earth moved Newton,  tree, everything to the apple.
14  For Einstein, free fall is weightlessness and no acceleration.  But there is acceleration. 

We have to take Einstein theory further.  From the closed elevator it is clear that, there is weight.  If the space ship is far away from all masses, there is gravity inside as long as it accelerated at 9.81 m/s2.  But we are forgetting that the cabin of the space ship is locked in a strong gravity field.  As long as the space ship accelerate, this field is remaining and this small amount of field is giving same results as that of on Earth.  Ones it reaches destination, slowly this field disappears, in other words it is having an important quality of moving from high to low.
Yours
Psreddy

4

New Theories / Re: What exactly is gravity?

« on: 22/03/2021 16:09:40 »

Pasala probably broke the keyboard...coz soo much typin could break up the even the best quality keyboard...unless the Gentleman uses a Cell/Mobil phone...possible side effects are sore & fatty fingers...could be referred to as Elephant Syndrome.
🐘
@pasala U aware of Speech to Text Software?
🤭
Yeaaa! Thank me laterz!

P.S. - @Halc reading your posts make Me feel dizzy & tipsy...juzt lyk Beer!
🍺
(U shud prapz add a " intoxicating substance " Warning at the end of ur posts)
🥴

Mr Zero
I could not understand what you are.  I think it is better to stop this type of postings.

5

New Theories / Re: What exactly is gravity?

« on: 21/03/2021 17:34:15 »

METHOD OF “FREE FALL” / HOW GRAVITY WORKS:

Weightlessness poses a similar problem. Imagine you’re floating freely inside the elevator. Around you, other objects are floating, as well, and you feel totally weightless. Does that mean you are far away from all gravitational influences, far away from all stars, planets and other massive bodies, somewhere in deep space?

Einstein rightly deducted the above idea.  In free fall, objects  do not experience being accelerated downward, rather weightlessness and no acceleration.

It is true that International Space Station (ISS) and the crew are not in the Earth’s gravitational field and at that altitude still there is 90 per cent gravity. The astronauts’ weigtlessness is due to the fact that, along with their station, they are in free fall. Not in the kind of free fall that takes them directly towards the earth, but in free fall that takes them around the earth – in earth’s orbit.

Suppose, the apple is in the tree and it is under the strong influence of gravity.  If the apple start coming to the ground, it is in free fall, there is no weight but there is acceleration.  Ok, let us take Earth, it is in free fall around Sun.  It is moving in the curved path created by Sun.

As per Einstein, free fall is nothing but weightlessness and no acceleration.  But there is acceleration and it is due to gravity only.  At the same Newton theory is not correct since the object is in weightlessness. 

01  It is true that every object curves the space time around them and apple is no exception to this.  It also curves the space time around it.
02  It is in the strong Gravity field of Earth.
03  As per General relativity, gravity is a “spatial flow” and the apple is coming in its way.
04   Ok, apple also curved or distorted space time around it.  As per General relativity something is flowing towards the centre of the Earth and its exact details are not known.
05  I had termed this spatial flow as “Gravity field”. 
06  Spatial flow while moving down creates pressure / force against apple also.
07  Unless there is change in the elevator, moves up, down there is no impact at all.  If the elevator moves up, something is moving down, nothing but gravity field and it pushes you down.
08  Spatial flow, while moving down, flows along with the curved space of the apple.  While moving down it creates pressure or drags the apple.
09  Here there is no direct impact.  It is the curved space which plays key role.  For example, let us take two objects, bowling ball and apple.  Though both curves the space time, it all depends on the mass of the object.  So, the more the mass of an object, the influence of gravity is higher.
10 This is the reason, if two objects, let us take bowling ball and apple, if dropped from a vacuum chamber, fall to the ground at the same rate.
11  While creating vacuum, we are removing air, along with the air, gravity field is also moving out.  In the absence of gravity field, both bowling ball and the apple, cannot curve or distort space time, even if, it is far limited.  Gravity or spatial flow while passing through them, moves out without creating pressure.
12  In the case of planets also, they curve the space time around them.  The gravity field present in the solar system is not at rest and it is moving.  While moving, it is creating pressure / force on the curved space of the planet, in fact it flows in geodesics, drags the planet.
13  I have been repeatedly saying that “inertia” is not correct and the planets are not moving freely as such.

Yours
Psreddy
 

6

New Theories / Re: What exactly is gravity?

« on: 16/03/2021 16:59:22 »

FREE FALL:
I think this is an important subject in deciding “what exactly is gravity”.

Ok, let us take astronauts on the international space station.  They are along with space station are in weightlessness condition. The space station is not in earth’s gravitational field.   At that particular altitude, the pull of the gravitational force is still 90 per cent as strong as on the earth’s surface. The astronauts’ weigtlessness is due to the fact that, along with their station, they are in free fall. Not in the kind of free fall that takes them directly towards the earth, but in free fall that takes them around the earth – in earth orbit.

On Earth’s surface where there is strong gravity, as per Newton the apple is coming down to the ground due to the force of gravity. 

But as per Einstein, while coming down to the Earth, the apple is in free fall and it is a co-mover along with gravity.

01  Here this is an important point. 
02  If there is no force or pressure, the apple will remain at that exact place.
03  It is here, gravity is exerting pressure on the apple and keeping it in free fall.
04  At any particular place, if the pressure/ force of gravity stops, apple also stays at that place.
05  Free fall doesn’t mean absence of gravity. 
06  There is gravity and it is the gravity taking you down.
07  International space station and the astronauts are also experiencing 90 percent gravity.  But they are in free fall.
08  It signifies that gravity field is moving in the space.
09  Gravity field in the solar system is not at rest or stationary.  It is moving. 
10  While moving, it is dragging the planets, everything.
11  Free fall is nothing but, on Earth's surface, gravity takes you down, on space it takes or moves you according to its flow, whether it is geodesics or not.
12  Free fall is not absence of gravity, but moving according to gravity.

Yours
Psreddy

7

New Theories / Re: What exactly is gravity?

« on: 14/03/2021 17:05:06 »

If there is no gravity, all the planets, like apple, will remain then and there.

Without gravity, there wouldn't be any planets.

Ok, Kryptid, you are 100% correct.
But subject is about free fall.
As per Newton, it is due to gravity that apple is coming down to the Earth.  If there is no gravity, the apple will not come down to the Earth and will remain at the tree only.

But as per Einstein, apple is coming to the ground and it is at free fall.In other words, during free fall, there is no gravity at all.

Here, we have to remember one important point that "if there is no gravity, there is no free fall".

Both are interlinked to each other. 

All the planets including Sun are at free fall or inertia due to gravity only.  Here, Newtons 2nd law applies.
 

8

New Theories / Re: What exactly is gravity?

« on: 14/03/2021 16:14:08 »

Ok, let us re-visit Newton’s gravity, idea:

“After dinner, the weather being warm, we went into the garden and drank thea, under the shade of some apple trees…he told me, he was just in the same situation, as when formerly, the notion of gravitation came into his mind. It was occasion’d by the fall of an apple, as he sat in contemplative mood. Why should that apple always descend perpendicularly to the ground, thought he to himself…”

Basic question is:
01  Why don’t the apple remain then and there in the tree.
02  What made the apple to come down to the Earth.

These questions paved the way for Gravity.  That is right. 

About free fall:
“Great idea first occurred to Einstein, when he looked out a window at the patent office and saw some construction workers on a nearby building, realizing that if one were to fall through a great distance, one would not feel the force of gravity while one was falling”.

01  It is true that the worker is in strong gravity field.
02  If he start falling to the ground, he will not feel  gravity.

Both are great ideas.  But …..
01  If both apple and worker are at height, there is gravity.
02  As per Newton and Einstein, gravity is causing apple and worker to come down to the Earth.
03  What Einstein says, if the worker start coming down to the Earth, he will not feel gravity.

But it is the gravity, causing the apple to come down to the Earth.  If there is no gravity the apple will remain at the apple tree only.

So, finally ….
“if there is no gravity, there is no free fall at all”.

“Whether planets follow geodesics or not, they are at inertia, due to gravity”.

If there is no gravity, all the planets, like apple, will remain then and there.

Let us take the discussion further.

Yours
Psreddy 

9

New Theories / Re: What exactly is gravity?

« on: 14/03/2021 14:23:37 »

Quote from: pasala on 07/03/2021 16:34:15

    Unless a star such as Sun curves or distorts space time no planet can curve or distort, locally.


No. The Earth would still have gravity even if the Sun wasn't there.

If space time is not curved or distorted by Sun, where is the shortest path or geodesics for Earth.  In the absence of curved space time by the Sun, we don't know whether Earth curves the space time or not, for that we are not aware what exactly is this curved space time, it is a million dollar question. 

10

New Theories / Re: What exactly is gravity?

« on: 13/03/2021 15:31:54 »

why planets are existing or found in solar systems only.

That's part of what defines a planet. It must be orbiting a star by the current IAU definition. If it's a "rogue planet" that is travelling freely through space, then it technically isn't a planet under the current IAU definition.

Unless a star such as Sun curves or distorts space time no planet can curve or distort, locally.

No. The Earth would still have gravity even if the Sun wasn't there.

Mr Kryptid
IAF definition is only an information and it never tells us why or how a planet is good one and how it turns out into bad one.

General relativity tells us that any mass can curve the space time anywhere in the universe.  But it did not tell us how a planet curves the space time or what exactly this curved space time consists of.

If a planet curves the space time in a solar system, there must be something, which helps or aids in conversion of 2d to 3d space time.

Another big question is, why should these planets are in horizontal way.  Why not these planets in vertical.  This is the reason, we are taking trampoline analogy as best example. 

I am sure, there is every need to discuss a lot on this subject.
Yours
Psreddy

11

New Theories / Re: What exactly is gravity?

« on: 07/03/2021 16:34:15 »

Mr Kryptid,
Well, it is surprise to see how a mass curves the space time around them and what exactly is this curvature.

Ok, let us  presume that each mass curves the space time around them as assumed by Einstein. If a planet curves space time anywhere in the universe, why planets are existing or found in solar systems only.    In outer space they are turning out as asteroids.  These asteroids can curve the space time within solar system only.    Unless a star such as Sun curves or distorts space time no planet can curve or distort, locally.  Space, curved or distorted by a star is not empty, there is something. 

Newton's inverse square law is basic, simply tells that there is gravity and it gives weight on Earth and  it is keeping planets in their position.  But there is no explanation, how or in what way.  Newton also assumed that there is  something, medium. 

By the time of Einstein science developed a lot.  Beyond that he had done excellent work.  Great idea, first occurred to Einstein, when he looked out a window at the patent office and saw some construction workers on a nearby building, realizing that if one were to fall through a great distance, one would not feel the force of gravity while one was falling.   

Really, amazingly, it is a great idea.  Since planets are in inertia, he linked it to everything. 

"FREE FALL" idea is good, but it may not be correct everywhere.  Ok, here on Earth, gravity, as per our knowledge or present thinking, flowing towards the centre of the Earth.
 
First of all we have to remember that gravity itself is giving you free fall.  Gravity itself is causing you to come down to the Earth.

1)  If there is no gravity, there is no free fall at all.
2) So, gravity is causing planets to move, not that planets themselves in free fall in gravity field.
3)  If there is no stress, energy, momentum in space, there is no free fall at all.
4)  All the planets will remain then and there.
5)  Free fall is not escaping gravity but caused by gravity itself.

As per General relativity, curvature is nothing but stress, energy, momentum.  But it is not clear the source of this energy, stress, and momentum.   

As per General relativity Sun curved or distorted space time up to the end of our solar system and planets fly freely in this curved or distorted space time.   It is curved space time or gravity, causing planet to move. .     

Here Newton's 2nd law comes into role  "which states that the net force acting on a body is equal to that body's (inertial) mass multiplied by its acceleration".

All the stars, newly born, initially curves the space time around them.  But they don't rotate against their axis. It is, as per Newton, a medium, and it is curved space, i.e., energy, stress, momentum variations that causes the star to rotate against its axis.

Yours
Psreddy

12

New Theories / Re: What exactly is gravity?

« on: 28/02/2021 14:27:47 »

All other planets stops rotating and comes to stationary position.

No, not at all. As a matter of fact, we know of a star that has planets rotating in the opposite direction of the star's spin.

It's an exceptional one, not normal. 
Basic question is:
 -  If star rotates other planets also rotates,
 -  Do, any example, where planets rotate when star is at rest or stationary.

Newton's gravity it basic one.  Where as, Einstein theories are complete departure from this.  His theories, GR and thought experiments are extra-ordinary.  However his theories are incomplete and unfinished agenda.  They are to be taken up further.  Black holes are not near to us and any practical experiment is almost impossible to us.  Any discussion, simply an imagination only, about formation, event horizon, light escaping, death of a black hole. 

It is true that we are in a strong gravity field and it is influencing everything, our activities, nature. 

It is true that:
-  As imagined by Einstein:
   a)  It is proved and known fact that when the elevator is lifted or moved, something within the cabin is moving.
   b)  If the elevator is lifted, additional gravity or concentration of gravity at the bottom is increasing, resulting in additional
        gravity at the bottom. 
   c)  If weight is the criteria to measure gravity, what else is the proof.
   d)  It is also true that if the elevator is lifted, something within the elevator is moving and it is bending light.  If not gravity,
        what is moving or influencing light.

Ok, leaving aside other things:

a)  It is true that cabin of the space ship is packed within gravity field only.
b)  Before packing cabin, Mr. X's weight is 75 Kgs only.  Even after packing also, Mr.X weight is 75 Kgs only and there is no change in his weight.
c)  To think or to say that Engine of the space ship influences or create gravity, there is no change in the gravity or weight of Mr.X.
d)  It gives us clear idea that Gravity is a "FIELD" present on the surface of the Earth.
e)  It can be packed and moved.
f)  Further, if the engine shuts, it is not vanishing or diminishing suddenly.
g)  So, it is having another important quality of moving from high to low.

Ok,  Kryptid:
What else proof is needed to say that gravity is a field present on the surface of the Earth.  If we say that it is not appearing or could not detect it, it is our incapacity.

Minsowski space time is like running, when we are not in a position to stand or walk, how can we run. 

Yours
Psreddy

13

New Theories / Re: What exactly is gravity?

« on: 27/02/2021 17:12:24 »

Suppose if Sun stops rotating what happens to other planets?
....how this curved space time or gravity tells or influences or drags mass.

It is true that there is an effect called "Frame Dragging", predicted by Einstein's relativity.
- It is an extremely subtle effect, and was only demonstrated in delicate satellite experiments in the past 10 years - and then only to a fairly rough approximation.
- If the Sun stopped spinning, the frame-dragging effect of the Sun would cease, and this would have a tiny effect on the orbit of Mercury, only observable over centuries.
- It would have almost no effect on the Earth

The Frame Dragging effect is thought to be a significant factor in the relativistic jets produced by supermassive black holes at the center of quasars.
- But the effect is negligible for an object like the Sun.

See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frame-dragging

"In general relativity , a mass’s rotation influences the motion of objects in its neighbourhood. Put simply, the rotating mass “drags along” spacetime in the vicinity".

Ok, for an observer within gravity field feels that there is no light bending at all and light is moving in straight line.  But for an observer staying on other planets there is light bending.

Similarly, everything including planets are moving.  Suppose there is a satellite in the space, it is moving, earth is moving everything is moving.  As per our knowledge goes, every object in our solar system is moving. 

Ok, there are two objects in the space, one is moving and the other is not. In such case the moving object can influence the stationary object.  If both are moving in same line and length, what influence or how it drags the others frame.

Well, surprisingly it is the Sun, which is dragging every object in our solar system.  No planet is having the quality of "inertia", it's all due to Sun.

Sun is at the centre, rotating and dragging the frame of every other object.

Suppose, if Sun stops rotating, "frame dragging" becomes zero.  All other planets stops rotating and comes to stationary position.

 Yours
Psreddy

14

New Theories / Re: What exactly is gravity?

« on: 21/02/2021 17:00:00 »

HOW GRAVITY WORKS:
Trampoline analogy:
“Consider a very large trampoline with nothing on the trampoline pad and trampoline pad remains flat and parallel to the ground. Now place a heavy bowling ball at the center of the trampoline pad. The center of the pad will sag downward. If we assume the analogy that the trampoline pad represents space-time, and the bowling ball a gravitating object, then the sagging of the trampoline represents the curvature of space time under the influence of gravity. We can now see that if we take a lighter ball, and place it at the edge of the trampoline pad, it will roll down toward the bowling ball. This attraction to the bowling ball is because the path toward the bowling ball through space is favorably curved”.

If any body asks you, how gravity works, this is the best answer one could say or tell. As per Einstein if we place any mass anywhere in the universe it will curve the space time around it.

It is true that all the masses, here on earth curves the space time around them. 
There are several questions that hangs in our mind.
→ How all masses curves the space time around them
→ How or is it the internal space time of the mass that alters the space time around them.  .
→ If there is no something in the outside, empty space, how masses curves or alters the outside space time.
→ From the thought experiments, it is proved that something is moving in the closed elevator.  When the elevator moves up something is moving in opposite direction, causing or giving you additional weight.
→ So, it is clear that there is something in our space time and mass alters it.
→ Same medium that is present here on Earth, giving you weight is also present in the outside space time.
→ This medium is working as fabric.
→ If mass curves the space time, it is an indication that space time is not empty.

Yours
Psreddy

15

New Theories / Re: What exactly is gravity?

« on: 14/01/2021 17:26:01 »

SPACE TIME:
What bothers my mind is, about space time.  What exactly is this space time and how masses curves this empty space.  As per Minkowski space time is nothing or empty.  As per Einstein space time near to the masses is curved.  Gravitational lensing clearly tells us that curved space time near to the masses is not empty.

Of course it is not bending but curved space is dragging the light.  In other words curved space is not stationary, it is rotating and causing the mass to move.

We are building beautiful space taking snap shots of different events and stacking up them to give us a three dimensional space time.  Suppose if we take snap shots of Earth at the end of each quarter in a year at different places around the Earth, taking them as events and if we arrange them, we will get the feeling of three dimensional space time.

In ordinary space, a position is specified by three numbers, known as dimensions. In the Cartesian coordinate system, these are called x, y, and z. A position in spacetime is called an event, and requires four numbers to be specified: the three-dimensional location in space, plus the position in time.

Trampoline analogy:
“Consider a very large trampoline with nothing on the trampoline pad and trampoline pad remains flat and parallel to the ground. Now place a heavy bowling ball at the center of the trampoline pad. The center of the pad will sag downward. If we assume the analogy that the trampoline pad represents space-time, and the bowling ball a gravitating object, then the sagging of the trampoline represents the curvature of space time under the influence of gravity. We can now see that if we take a lighter ball, and place it at the edge of the trampoline pad, it will roll down toward the bowling ball. This attraction to the bowling ball is because the path toward the bowling ball through space is favorably curved”.

But is this picture right? Mariusz Wroblewski is skeptical, asking:
“I’d like somebody to finally acknowledge and admit that showing balls on a bed sheet doesn’t cut it as a picture of reality”.

I freely acknowledge and admit it. As ubiquitous as pictures of bent sheets or coordinate systems are, they aren’t exactly reflective of the reality we inhabit.

If you’ve ever seen a picture of a bent, two-dimensional grid with masses on it representing space, you’ll know this type of illustration is extremely common. It appears to depict the fabric of space as being curved by the presence of mass, and therefore, any other particle traveling along this fabric will have its path bent towards this gravitational source. But what would such a picture actually imply? If space is like a fabric, how does mass curve it?
Gravity simply is, and it’s merely that the equations that describe General Relativity are geometric in nature. The idea that mass-and-energy curves space can be right,.

The presence of matter and energy curved the very fabric of this spacetime, and that curved spacetime, in turn, dictated how matter moved.

Ok, let us imagine that: there are two key players, matter and energy.  If the space is empty, how mass curved, or where from the energy is coming, source.  In case if the source is mass itself, it will be different story. 

The big question that bothers my mind, how a 2d space, when mass is placed converted into 3d space.  3d space implies that there is something, what is that?. 

Maths is not everything, it is only an instrument or aid to help, have a better visualization of what you have said. 

Yours
Psreddy

16

New Theories / Re: What exactly is gravity?

« on: 25/12/2020 10:26:39 »

Spacetime is not curved by gravitons. There is a base space that is flat and continuous and made of the interval: [0,1). Then gravitons come and make images of points that are displaced relative to these intervals. This way we can also account for Electromagnetism curving spacetime, as well as the other forces.

Gravitons is only an imagination, that may exists or not.  It appears that you are having more computer knowledge.  When it is space or nothing what makes or how or where from gravitons  joins electromagnetism to curve space time.

It is true that base itself is wrong, we are building castle out of thin air. 

17

New Theories / Re: What exactly is gravity?

« on: 20/12/2020 12:09:41 »

Quote from: Pasala

    Suppose if Sun stops rotating what happens to other planets?
    ....how this curved space time or gravity tells or influences or drags mass.


It is true that there is an effect called "Frame Dragging", predicted by Einstein's relativity.

"Frame Dragging":
Einstein's theory of general relativity predicted that the space-time around Earth would be not only warped but also twisted by the planet's rotation.

Ok, suppose, if Earth rotates i.e., inertia, in such case there is possibility of Frame dragging.  But there is every need to decide what is this inertia and how planets have got this inertia.  When we don't know, how a planet is rotating, we simply name it as inertia.  In all, if inertia is the quality of planets, what makes them to rotate against themselves and also to go round the Sun in a perfect line.

Frame dragging is possible only when mass rotates and drags the surroundings.  But..
"matter tells space time how to curve and curved space time how to move".

In such case it is the curved space time that is dragging mass.

Light bending clearly tells this.  There is movement of curved space time or Gravity.

18

New Theories / Re: What exactly is gravity?

« on: 20/12/2020 07:03:55 »

DO GRAVITY BENDS LIGHT:
This is in continuation to the previous one.  Really, do gravity bends light.  No, not at all.  Gravity is not bending light, it is only an indication, how or where gravity is moving. 

→ Well, it is true that there is strong gravity inside the elevator.  There is no change or effect unless the elevator is moved or changes its position.  It is also proved that something is changing in the closed elevator.

→ When the elevator is accelerated, frame lifts the gravity field, resulting in additional concentration of gravity.

→ If weight, we are experiencing on Earth is due to Gravity, additional or extra weight is also due to additional gravity.
 
→ It all depends on the density of the field. 

→ It clearly tells us that Gravity is nothing but density of this field.

BENDING OF LIGHT IS AN INDICATION:

→ When the elevator is at rest or stationary on the ground, there is gravity inside the elevator and Mr. X’s weight is 75 Kgs only.

→ Now, if you allowed a light beam from outside to enter one side of the elevator through a hole, If there were no relative motion or relative acceleration between the elevator and the light source, the light beam would travel straight and moves out through the other hole.

→ If the elevator is lifted, in turn, literally it lifts the gravity field, resulting in additional gravity at the bottom, which pushes or moves you to the sides.

→ Now light beam bends according to acceleration of the elevator.

→ If the elevator is at rest, gravity field is also at rest or stationary only.  In such case light particles moves straight.

→ If the elevator is accelerated, gravity field moves down.  However light source is relative to that of elevator.

→ Though the gravity field moves down, light source is constant.  When the elevator is at rest, light particles have moved in straight line.

→ When the source is relative to elevator, what makes the light particles to move at the old route, without deviating.
 
→ Though there is a chance to deviate, light particles are not leaving en-route.  It warrants lot of research in this arena.

So, gravity is not bending light.  Light beam that entered strong gravity field of Sun tries to flow straightly without deviating.  But the Gravity field is not constant, it is moving and thus it appears that it is bending light.  Light bending, net difference is change or movement of gravity field.

DO SPACE WARPS UNDER ACCELERATED MOTION:
That is another incorrect idea of Einstein.  Special effects, time dilation and length contraction are different and no relevance to this. 

“Matter tells space time how to curve and curved space time tells matter how to move”. 

Light bending clearly tells us that it is not matter, curved space time or gravity is also moving.

Yours
Psreddy

19

New Theories / Re: What exactly is gravity?

« on: 13/12/2020 14:18:38 »

DO GRAVITY BENDS LIGHT?:
Well, of course it is known and proved that Gravity bends light.  But, in my view, gravity is not bending light and light only following path of Gravity.  Ok, let us discuss in detail.

In Newton's Universe, that stage was flat, empty, absolute space. Space itself was a fixed entity, sort of like a Cartesian grid: a 3D structure with an x, y and z axis.

In 1907, Einstein's former professor, Hermann Minkowski, made a brilliant breakthrough: he showed that you could conceive of space and time in a single formulation. In one fell swoop, he had developed the formalism of spacetime. This provided a stage for particles to move through the Universe (relative to one another) and interact with one another, but it didn't include gravity.

If there were no such thing as the gravitational force, Minkowski spacetime would do everything we needed. Spacetime would be simple, uncurved, and would simply provide a stage for matter to move through and interact. The only way you'd ever accelerate. Minkowski spacetime is flat and therefore light travels in a straight line.  As per Einstein, there is gravity near to all huge masses and it bends light. 


How light travels:
         
01  If the elevator is at rest or stationary, there is gravity inside the elevator and the ‘X’s weight continues to be 75 kgs only, light moves from one hole to other.

Now, let us imagine that Sun is at rest or stationary.  There is no movement or change in gravity field.  Light entering gravity field of Sun, moves out.  Here there is no question of bending

02  We must remember that unless there is a change in the movement of elevator, up, down, there is no effect at all.  It is also proved that something is changing in the elevator. It is true that there is gravity inside the closed elevator and X’s weight is 75 kgs only.  When the elevator is lifted, we must remember that we are lifting the frame of the elevator only.  In turn elevator lifts the things therein, including gravity field.  When the elevator is lifted, gravity field moves downwards, pushing you downwards and it tells us that gravity field has got certain amount of weight and it exerts pressure/force.   

It is true that there is strong gravity, surrounding space time of Sun.  It is a big question “what exactly is this curvature” and how it came into existence.  As per General relativity, “matter tells space time how to curve and curved space time tells matter how to move”.

So, unless there is a change in the gravity field of Sun, no impact can be noticed.


03  If the elevator accelerates forward:
Here though light source is relative to the elevator, the light beam bends downwards, equal to the acceleration of the elevator.  When the elevator is at rest or stationary, light beam moves out through the other end.  As the elevator accelerates forward, we are moving elevator only and in turn it lifts the gravity field and light beam travels along with the gravity field. If there is no relevance, in between light and gravity, light will move out through the other hole.
But, though the source is relative, the light particles moving through gravity remains or continues to moves according to the movement of gravity.    

For so many reasons, if the Gravity surrounding the space time of the Sun start rotating, it drags the mass of the Sun. 
Now, Gravity field surrounding the Sun is not at rest and it is moving. Light while entering gravity field, follows geodesics.  But, here gravity is not bending light.  Here, lensing is the difference in the movement of gravity field. 
There is no bending of light, it is just due to the movement in the gravity.

04  If the elevator accelerates downwards:
Gravity field inside the elevator moves up.  The person inside the elevator is in free fall. If the light source is at the bottom, since gravity is moving up, it follows it and being bend accordingly.   

Ok, Sun is rotating at anti-clockwise.  If the light enters from clockwise or in opposite direction.  In such cases also there is lensing.  Gravity field moves in opposite direction and the light particles are dragged in opposite direction and lensing is upward direction.

05  If the elevator accelerates at the speed of light. 
It is very difficult to imagine. In such case there is no lensing at all, light particles and gravity got no difference at all.     

Weird example for this is black holes.  Here there is no light bending at all.  Light beam entering event horizon, moves along with other particles. Now a days, it is a big topic, does light escapes, event horizon.

In my view, yes it can.  We will discuss it at a later date.

Conclusion:
Speed of light is constant.  As per Einstein, all masses curves the space time around them, in other words Gravity.  Except this curved space time, total space is treated as empty.  Tensors, defines this curved space time but there is no explanation on how this curved space time came into existence and what exactly it consists of. 

It is true that space time near to the masses is curved or altered by masses.  Ok, what about space time in between two masses.  We are taking this as empty. 

That the speed of light is a constant is one of the most important facts about space and time in special relativity. That fact gets expressed geometrically in space time geometry through the existence of light cones, or, as it is sometimes said, the "light cone structure" of space time. To see that structure, we imagine an event at which there is an explosion. Light will propagate out from it in an expanding spherical shell.  In a two dimensional space, it will look like an expanding circle.


So, light will propagate through explosion..  Ok, in case if the source i.e., Sun rotates, light particles are released with certain amount of force or pressure and hence moves up to the end of the solar system.

So, this is the base or foundation for formation of solar system.

Yours
Psreddy

20

New Theories / Re: What exactly is gravity?

« on: 29/11/2020 14:46:26 »

Well, there are wonderful and unbelievable things in this universe.  There is no answer, as of now, from science.  It is known fact that, Earth is spinning with almost exact speed and rotating against Sun at exact line and length.  As there is no answer, we have simply named it as “inertia”.

It is a big question, why don’t planets remain at rest or stationary.  When we talk about planets, it includes Sun also.  We are taking space as empty or devoid and nothing can cause or affect the rotation of Earth.  We are thinking from the other side of the coin. 

As there is no obstruction, since space is empty, Earth is rotating and also going round the Sun. Earth orbits the Sun in a slightly flattened circle called an "ellipse."  In geometry, the ellipse is a curve that loops around two points called "foci."

Ok, suppose let us take space as empty or devoid, what makes earth to follow a elliptical trajectory.  This trajectory is also pre-defined.  In an empty space there are no trajectories.  If Earth is capable of taking its own decision, it need not go in a fixed line and length around the Sun.  Since total space is empty, at times it can go up to the end of solar system, perigee and apogee differently.

Well, if we observe, how our solar system is working, it clearly tells us that all paths are pre-defined and planets have to follow it.    For this, we are taking this space time as curved or distorted by Sun.  Isn’t it something in-different.

Ok, here, there are several things, I don’t want to go deep.

Now we are discussing about “inertia” of objects:
Motion is when an object moves from one place to another, while force is what causes an object to move or to stop moving. Examples of force include the kick that causes a ball to move across the field and the gravity that slows and eventually stops that ball from moving.


Types of Inertia
•   Inertia of rest - An object stays where it is placed, and it will stay there until you or something else moves it.
•   Inertia of motion - An object will continue at the same speed until a force acts on it.
•   Inertia of direction - An object will stay moving in the same direction unless a force acts on it.

Well, as per our scientific knowledge, we knew that Sun is rotating against its axis.  Why don’t the Sun be at “inertia of rest”.  It is in the second law of inertia, i.e., “inertia of motion”.  Basic question is what makes it to continue to rotate at the same speed. 

For all this, there is answer from black holes:
Black holes are not near to us, but it is a strangest and fascinating object to be studied.  It is true that we are in a strong gravity field, but we are not aware of “what exactly is this gravity”.  Actually I had treated study of black holes as a waste of time and i could not understand why Einstein had touched this black holes.  But, it appears there is a reason.

Black holes formed by the collapse of individual stars are relatively small, but incredibly dense. One of these objects packs more than three times the mass of the sun into the diameter of a city. This leads to a crazy amount of gravitational force pulling on objects around the object. Stellar black holes then consume the dust and gas from their surrounding galaxies, which keeps them growing in size

Black hole is developed after collapse of massive star, in other words it is the final stages of a star.  We are all studying about event horizon, gravity, time dilation, light escaping, since these are all strangest things, we study them with lot of interest and curiosity. 


These things are one side of the coin only. 

Stars are born when large gas clouds collapse under gravity. They form hot cores that gather more and more gas and dust until a protostar is formed. If only a small amount of gas is around, then only a small star will form; if a large amount of gas is present, then a massive star will form.

Suppose, let us assume that, similar to that of human life, a star has 100 years or 100 events in fourth dimension:
01  When a large gas clouds collapses under gravity,  paves the way for formation of star.  It is the first stage or year or event.
02  It start gathering more gas clouds and dust particles from surrounding and start growing and paves the way for second event. 
03  At the second stage or 50 years  the star  is at the massive stage and there is no scope for further expansion.
04  After the second stage, there is no scope for expansion and the atoms of light elements are squeezed under enough pressure for their nuclei to undergo fusion decreases.
05  As the hydrogen fuel start exhausting at a particular place, it appears as dark area or sun spots. 
06  Upto 1% to 5%  of the mass of the star, dark area or sun spots are bearable.
07  As the size increases up to 10%, gravity tries to occupy this place.  Gravity tries to move according to the decrease of hydrogen fuel, it may be either clockwise or anti clockwise. 
08  However up to 10% it is bearable and there is no any scope for any unexpected changes. 
09  If the dark area increases more than 10%, gravity moves to that area and drags mass of the star and it start rotating slowly.
10  If the dark area increase more than 20%  rotation speed increases and start stabilizing.
11 If the dark area increases more than 40% of the area of star, gravity start moving towards the mass.
12  Here rotation will continue as long as the charge is towards the sides of the mass.
13  One’s the charge or gravity start moving towards the centre of the of the mass, “star turns out as a black hole”.

All the stars while growing, up to 50% of the age, are all will be at “inertia of rest”.  As the hydrogen plasma start exhausting, a gap is developed, dark area.  Strong gravity surrounding the star try to occupy this gap.

This, we can see in thought experiments also.  When the cabin of the space ship is blocked in a strong gravity field, there is gravity.  As long as the engine fires, there is no scope for internal space time to interact with the outside space time and there is  in-distinguishability.   One’s the space ship reaches destination, internal space time inter- acts with the outside space time and adjusts with the outside space time.

Finally the third point “inertia of direction”.  We assume that since space is empty, as there is no obstruction, all the planets moves in specific direction is incorrect.

Unless there is certain amount of force or pressure, to move in a specific line, and keeping them in a particular trajectory, all planets will go differently.

Yours
Psreddy