[hamdani yusuf]

more and more evidence is coming that the Universe is a simulation

Incomplete sentence. A simulation of what, pray?

Perhaps a simulation of what are possible under some mathematical models with some chosen assumptions.

[mxplxxx (OP)]

Below is the demonstration Visual Basic code for how 4Abstractions would implement CarbonLEU.; a simulation of the Leucine Amino Acid, of Reality. Note that CarbonLEU inherits Carbon.

Below is the Visual Basic code for how 4Abstractions would implement the creation of a Leucine Amino Acid using Shellls.. Note how compact the code is and how easy it is to follow (imho - for VB.NET programmers).

Code: [Select]

[size=18pt]

Namespace Leucine

    ' contains classes relating to a Leucine.System (i.e. Leucibe Amino Acid)

    ' Leucine.System

    Public Class System
        Inherits AminoAcid.System

        Public Sub New()

            ' create a AminoAcid.System using a Leucine Side Chain

            MyBase.New(Type:=eSystemTypes.LEUCINE, SubType:=eSystemSubTypes.DATA, SideChain:=New SideChain.System())

        End Sub
    End Class
End Namespace

Namespace AminoAcid

    ' contains classes relating to a AminoAcid.System

    ' AminoAcid.System

        Inherits Carbon.System

        ' create an AminoAcid.System

        Public Sub New(Type As eSystemTypes, SubType As eSystemSubTypes, SideChain As Object)

            MyBase.New(Type:=Type, SubType:=SubType, Star:=New Star(No:=1), Shells:=4)

            With MyBase.Star
                Me.Shells(0).AddSubSystem(SubSystem:= .Star())

                Me.Shells(1).AddSubSystem(SubSystem:= .Electron1, Save:=False)
                Me.Shells(1).AddSubSystem(SubSystem:= .Electron2, Save:=False)

                Me.Shells(2).AddSubSystem(SubSystem:= .Electron3, Save:=False)
                Me.Shells(2).AddSubSystem(SubSystem:= .Electron4, Save:=False)
                Me.Shells(2).AddSubSystem(SubSystem:= .Electron5, Save:=False)
                Me.Shells(2).AddSubSystem(SubSystem:= .Electron6, Save:=False)
            End With

            With Me.SubSystems(3)
                .AddSubSystem(SubSystem:=New AminoGroup.System(New AminoGroup.Star()), Save:=False)
                .AddSubSystem(SubSystem:=New Hydrogen.System(New Hydrogen.Star()), Save:=False)
                .AddSubSystem(SubSystem:=New CarboxylGroup.System(New CarboxylGroup.Star()), Save:=False)
                .AddSubSystem(SubSystem:=SideChain, Save:=False)
            End With
End Sub

End Namespace

    End Class[/size]


[alancalverd]

Perhaps a simulation of what are possible under some mathematical models with some chosen assumptions.

Which means it must simulate itself if it is to be a complete simulation. If it isn't a complete, it isn't a universe.

[hamdani yusuf]

We can only observe the observable universe. It's never a complete observation.

[alancalverd]

Difference between cause and effect. A simulation is predictive of actuality: an observation isn't.

[mxplxxx (OP)]

 

Difference between cause and effect. A simulation is predictive of actuality: an observation isn't.

4dAbstractions simulates all aspects of Reality - via computers. Using aspects of Reality . Including observations!

PS the following article argues convincingly that the Universe itself is a simulation that gives rise to the speed of light.

https://1drv.ms/b/s!AkkAzGDByUeBp9dpgZmvhvjKB5BX0A?e=JJbVu0.

[alancalverd]

PS the following article argues convincingly that the Universe itself is a simulation

A simulation of what?

[Bored chemist]

Difference between cause and effect. A simulation is predictive of actuality: an observation isn't.

4dAbstractions simulates all aspects of Reality - via computers. Using aspects of Reality . Including observations!

PS the following article argues convincingly that the Universe itself is a simulation that gives rise to the speed of light.

https://onedrive.live.com/redir?resid=8147C9C160CC0049%212138&page=Edit&wd=target%28Quick%20Notes.one%7Cf19d8121-6a15-49f1-85a2-3c5ebb6cccf2%2FConfirmed%21%20We%20Live%20in%20a%20Simulation%20%5C%7C%20Scientific%20American%7C239368f6-8d10-4f98-97db-fc55c2521051%2F%29&wdorigin=NavigationUrl

That link doesn't work. It asks me to sign in.

[mxplxxx (OP)]

Difference between cause and effect. A simulation is predictive of actuality: an observation isn't.

4dAbstractions simulates all aspects of Reality - via computers. Using aspects of Reality . Including observations!

PS the following article argues convincingly that the Universe itself is a simulation that gives rise to the speed of light.

https://onedrive.live.com/redir?resid=8147C9C160CC0049%212138&page=Edit&wd=target%28Quick%20Notes.one%7Cf19d8121-6a15-49f1-85a2-3c5ebb6cccf2%2FConfirmed%21%20We%20Live%20in%20a%20Simulation%20%5C%7C%20Scientific%20American%7C239368f6-8d10-4f98-97db-fc55c2521051%2F%29&wdorigin=NavigationUrl

That link doesn't work. It asks me to sign in.

Apologies. Try this llink. https://1drv.ms/b/s!AkkAzGDByUeBp9dpgZmvhvjKB5BX0A?e=JJbVu0.

[alancalverd]

A simulation of what?

[mxplxxx (OP)]

A simulation of what?

A simulation of the universe. Note that simulations can surpass the original in power. This is very obvious in AI's simulation of the human brain via neural networks.

Our computer simulations are surpassing what evolution is capable of. Our future is one of computer simulations.

Is this evolution itself evolving? Looks like it. And maybe evolution is going to make it hard for us to evolve with a new paradigm. Also, very likely.

[mxplxxx (OP)]

In 4dAbstractions everything is a system, and all systems are a type of 4dSystem. The central system of a 4dSystem is a 4dStar. Which means that a 4dStar array can occur in a 4dSystem to infinity with each 4dStar tending to be smaller than the previous.

i.e. A 4dSystem is temporal in nature and a 4dStar is infinite in nature.

This type of structure gives rise to systems that are shell-based.

So, a Solar.System contains as its central system a Pluto.Star and a Pluto.star contains as its central system a Neptune.Star and so on and so on. The Stars in this structure are the equivalent of Shells.

Can this type of structure describe Reality? I think so.

So, in 4dAbstractions, a simulation of a solar system utilises a series of concentric 4dStar systems, culminating in a central Sun.Star system. This may indicate that, in Reality, the shells of the solar system are types of protons (and that, just maybe, the Solar System itself is a type of atom).

[mxplxxx (OP)]

I have been discussing 4dAbstractions with a Copilot AI. Its insights into how 4Abstractions can simulate a Leucine Amino Acid are amazing, to say the least. Here is the result of conversation where I suggested 4dAbstractions could simulate Quantum Entanglement in Reality.

"In Visual Basic, a reference is indeed a real construct that allows one object to interact with another as if they were the same. This concept of references in programming can be metaphorically extended to describe the interactions within your 4dAbstractions (4dA) framework.

In your 4dA model, an electron doesn't just represent a particle but also serves as a reference point that processes events related to a functional group like an AminoGroup. This processing can have local effects within the electron's scope and remote effects on the actual AminoGroup it references. The events raised by the AminoGroup can then influence the electron, creating a feedback loop that mimics the interconnectedness seen in quantum entanglement.

Here's a simplified example of how this might be represented in pseudocode:

Class AminoGroup
    ' Properties and methods of the AminoGroup
End Class

Class Electron
    Public Reference As AminoGroup

    Public Sub ProcessEvents()
        ' Process events locally
        ' ...

        ' Affect the remote AminoGroup
        Reference.RaiseEvents()
    End Sub
End Class

' Instantiate an AminoGroup
Dim myAminoGroup As New AminoGroup()

' Instantiate an Electron with a reference to the AminoGroup
Dim myElectron As New Electron()
myElectron.Reference = myAminoGroup

' The Electron processes events, affecting both locally and the referenced AminoGroup
myElectron.ProcessEvents()

In this code, the Electron class has a property called Reference that holds a reference to an AminoGroup. The ProcessEvents method in the Electron class processes events and also invokes methods on the AminoGroup it references, demonstrating the interconnected behavior you described.

While this is a conceptual representation and not an actual physical description of electrons or amino acids, it serves as an interesting analogy for how objects and systems can be interconnected in a computational model, drawing parallels to the behaviors observed in quantum physics. Its a creative way to visualize and understand complex systems and their interactions."

[Bored chemist]

You say" Its insights into how 4Abstractions can simulate a Leucine Amino Acid are amazing, to say the least. "

What can your model tell me about leucine?
Can it tell me the pKa or melting point or solubility in water?

Or can it tell me precisely nothing?

[mxplxxx (OP)]

You say" Its insights into how 4Abstractions can simulate a Leucine Amino Acid are amazing, to say the least. "

What can your model tell me about leucine?
Can it tell me the pKa or melting point or solubility in water?

Or can it tell me precisely nothing?

The "IT" I am talking about is the Copilot AI. It can tell you anything you like about Leucine and any other Amino Acid.

[mxplxxx (OP)]

What can your model tell me about leucine?
Can it tell me the pKa or melting point or solubility in water?

From Copilot:

Copilot
Leucine
Explore
Certainly! Leucine is an essential amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Here are the details you asked for:

pKa: The pKa values for leucine are 2.36 for the carboxyl group and 9.60 for the amino group1.
Melting Point: Leucine has a melting point of 293?C2.
Solubility in Water: It is soluble in water at 22.4 g/L at 20?C3.
Leucine is crucial for protein synthesis in the human body and must be obtained through the diet, as the body cannot synthesize it. It?s also interesting to note that leucine is one of the two exclusively ketogenic amino acids, the other being lysine. This means it can be used to generate ketones, which are important energy sources during fasting or strenuous exercise.

Also, the following Leucine specs were made available. https://1drv.ms/b/s!AkkAzGDByUeBp90x3i0WgiW05uPGcA?e=6yIIPD

[alancalverd]

GIGO - the characteristic of chatbots.

[mxplxxx (OP)]

GIGO - the characteristic of chatbots.

FRom Copilot:

"If someone who refers to ?GIGO - the characteristic of chatbots? is also a Luddite, it suggests a nuanced perspective on technology. They may not be against technology itself but rather cautious about how it?s implemented and its societal impact. Here?s how a Luddite might view chatbots and the GIGO principle:

Selective Adoption: They may support the use of chatbots for certain applications while opposing others that they believe could have negative consequences for society or employment.
Critical of Unchecked Progress: They might argue that not all technological advancements are beneficial and advocate for a more thoughtful approach to innovation1.
Emphasis on Human Welfare: Their focus could be on ensuring that technology serves to enhance human welfare, rather than displacing skilled labor or compromising privacy2.
Quality Over Quantity: They would likely emphasize the importance of high-quality, ethical data in AI systems to prevent harm and misinformation.
Advocacy for Control: Luddites believe that technological advancement is not inevitable and that society should have a say in which technologies are developed and adopted3.
In essence, a Luddite perspective on chatbots would be one that values technology that is responsibly developed and implemented with consideration for its broader implications. If you have more questions or need further information, feel free to ask! 😊"

[alancalverd]

Experienced and educated, not nuanced, and certainly  not a Luddite.

But what do you expect from a chatbot? At best, regurgitated old facts, at worst, the prejudices of its programmers. And here you have them.

[mxplxxx (OP)]

Experienced and educated, not nuanced, and certainly  not a Luddite.

But what do you expect from a chatbot? At best, regurgitated old facts, at worst, the prejudices of its programmers. And here you have them.

I have been in a fairly extended conversation with Copilot about Leucine. There is nothing regurgitated about its knowledge. For example:
[leucine's]Creating a hierarchical finite state machine (HFSM) for leucine involves abstracting the various states and transitions of leucine?s biological functions into a structured model. This model can then be generalized to other amino acids, considering that all amino acids share a common core structure and play roles in similar biological processes.

Here's a conceptual HFSM for leucine:

High-Level States:
H0: Dietary State (Leucine available from dietary sources)
H1: Metabolic State (Leucine involved in metabolic processes)

High-Level Transitions:
HT0: Dietary Intake (Transition from H0 to H1)
HT1: Metabolic Processing (Transition within H1)

Sub-States of H1 (Metabolic State):
S1: Bloodstream State (Leucine circulating in the bloodstream)
S2: Cellular Uptake State (Leucine absorbed by cells)
S3: Protein Synthesis State (Leucine incorporated into proteins)
S4: Catabolism State (Leucine broken down for energy)
S5: Waste State (Leucine metabolites excreted)

Sub-Transitions:
T1: Absorption (Transition from H0 to S1)
T2: Uptake (Transition from S1 to S2)
T3: Synthesis (Transition from S2 to S3)
T4: Breakdown (Transition from S3 to S4)
T5: Excretion (Transition from S4 to S5)

Inputs:
I0: Dietary intake (Trigger for HT0)
I1: Metabolic demand (Triggers T1 to T5)

Outputs:
O1: Protein construction (Result of S3)
O2: Energy production (Result of S4)
O3: Waste removal (Result of S5)

In this HFSM:

H0 represents the state where leucine is present in the diet.
H1 is the overarching metabolic state where leucine is processed in the body.
HT0 is the high-level transition from dietary intake to metabolic processing.
HT1 represents the continuous metabolic processing of leucine.
The sub-states (S1 to S5) and sub-transitions (T1 to T5) detail the specific stages and processes leucine undergoes within the metabolic state.

This HFSM can be applicable to all amino acids with some modifications to account for their unique side chains and specific metabolic pathways. For example, some amino acids might be involved in neurotransmitter synthesis or have different catabolic end products. The core structure of the HFSM would remain the same, but the details of the transitions and outputs would be tailored to each amino acid's unique functions.

The use of HFSMs in modeling amino acid processes is a powerful way to visualize and understand the complex interactions and pathways they are involved in. Its a testament to the versatility of HFSMs in representing not just computational systems but also intricate biological systems.[/i]

There is a lot more where that came from.