Naked Science Forum
On the Lighter Side => New Theories => Topic started by: RTCPhysics on 22/10/2017 11:05:59
-
Every electron, every proton and every neutron have a magnetic field, so it is reasonable to state that everything in the universe is magnetic. But magnetic fields exist in the universe upon massive scales, reaching out into the space around planets, stars and galaxies. But the question arises as to how can they be formed on such a scale from these three microscopic particles?
Traditionally, there are three basic axioms associated with the formation of a magnetic field namely: magnetic field lines form along circular pathways, magnetic field lines cannot cross each other, field lines circulating in the same direction attract each other and field lines circulating in opposite directions repel one another.
But, applying these three basic axioms to the magnetic field of a bar magnet, fails to explain the following three observations of its magnetic structure.
The first observation is that the magnetic field lines travel clockwise along one side of its magnetic axis and anti-clockwise upon the other side. This division of the field into two seemingly separate parts, implies that the magnetic field lines, travelling clockwise and anti-clockwise together along the internal magnetic axis of the bar magnet, are in a repelling mode, which should split the magnetic field apart.
But this is not the case. Where they come into contact along the magnetic axis of the bar magnet, they are travelling in the same direction and hence attract, preserving the integrity of the field.
This implies is that the magnetic fields of two bar magnets can only be brought into opposition to ‘repel’ each other, if their magnetic field lines are circulating in the ‘same direction’, whether that is both clockwise or both anti-clockwise.
An example of this is the pairing of electrons in an orbital energy band of the atom. The single magnetic field line of all electrons, rotate in the same direction and by doing so, their field lines meet in opposition and repel each other.
But if one of the electrons is flipped over into the opposite rotation, their magnetic field lines will now meet travelling in the same direction in an attracting mode and hence facilitate the linking together of their magnetic fields, replicating the ‘split field' structure of the bar magnet.
A second observation concerns the reach of the magnetic field around the bar magnet. Somehow the tiny magnetic fields of the electrons and nuclei are able to extend their minute circular pathways through the bar magnet and then continue out into the surrounding medium, before re-entering via the opposite end of the bar magnet in a symmetrical manner.
Imagine, for illustration, a group of people milling around, who are ordered into a straight line, with their arms linked and faces pointing in the same direction. There is no possible way that the two people at the opposite ends of the chain can link their arms together, unless they form a circle.
But if the electrons were to link together in the same circular manner, this would require electrons to physically leave the bar magnet, which we know is not the case. But every particle in a bar magnet, is able to loop a field line around the bar magnet without any help from the cumulative chaining of their magnetic field circuits.
A third observation of the magnetic field of a bar magnet, is that the magnetic field lines exit from ‘one half’ of the bar magnet and re-enter via the other half in a symmetrical manner. You would expect that the tiny magnetic fields of the electrons or nuclei, having been lined up along the length of the bar, would exit and re-enter the ‘surfaces’ of the bar in 'sequential loops' all along its length. But they don’t.
To explain these three observations as to why the magnetic field around a bar magnet, forms in the way that it does, requires the addition of two extra magnetic axioms.
The first of these axioms, is that magnetic field lines cannot be absorbed, either by the nuclei or the electrons of any material. However, magnetic fields can be ‘repelled’ from their original pathway by the presence of another magnetic field circulating in the same direction.
But this deflection does not disrupt the structure of the magnetic field, whose field lines are held together by the ‘attracting force’ that acts between them. This attraction binds the field together and guides each line back to its home particle in the magnet, whatever deflection is incurred by the presence of another magnetic field.
An analogy for this, is the way that a stream of water upon meeting a solid obstacle in its path, has the kinetic energy to just flow around it, meet up on the other side again and continue upon its way.
The implication of this axiom, is that magnetic fields all have 100% penetrability of all matter, not just ferromagnetic materials. Measurement of the penetration of a magnetic field through a material, whether solid, liquid or gas, is traditionally called its magnetic permeability.
But, if the thickness of the material under test is greater than the reach of the outer field lines of the applied magnetic field, then the material’s permeability would be calculated as 0%, which it isn’t.
Reduce the thickness of the same material, not its density, as this will make no difference, and the magnetic permeability of the material will move towards 100 %. There is no material that can act as a ‘magnetic insulator’ by being able to absorb magnetic field lines.
As a consequence, measurements of ‘magnetic permeability’ are largely meaningless, being dependent only upon the reach of the field lines of the applied magnetic field, the thickness of the material under test and the presence of any other magnetic sources embedded in the material itself or located in the environment around it.
The second axiom that is required, states that a magnetic field line is ‘traced out’ by the kinetic energy of a ‘magnetic particle’. This concept of a magnetic particle carrying kinetic energy is essential to explaining the ability of magnetic field lines to physically leave the bar magnet. At the same time, it explains its symmetrical structure.
One implication of this axiom, that magnetic field lines are created by the kinetic energy held by a magnetic particle rotating around in a circular pathway, is that a magnetic ring does not have a north and south pole and the concept of atomic particles having a ‘magnetic dipole moment’ requires a change of nomenclature to eliminate the word ‘dipole’.
However, all particles do have a ‘magnetic moment’, which allows the magnetic ring of a particle to be flipped over from clockwise rotation to anticlockwise rotation, generally referred to as ‘spin up’ and ‘spin down’, but this is not because its circuit has a north and south pole.
This perception of individual magnetic particles of kinetic energy tracing out a magnetic field ring, enables us to explain how a magnetic field is formed within an un-magnetised ferromagnetic bar by a process we call ‘magnetic induction’.
Consider two identical bars of a ferromagnetic metal, such as: iron, nickel and cobalt, one magnetised and the other unmagnetised. The magnetised bar is to be used to magnetise the unmagnetised bar, with the aim of giving an insight into how a magnetic field is formed.
There are two processes initiated by the action of stroking the unmagnetised ferromagnetic bar with another bar magnet. The first is that the applied magnetic field envelopes the whole of the bar, with its magnetic field lines passing internally through the bar and flowing externally along all four surfaces of the bar: top, bottom and both sides.
Hence the process of passing an applied magnetic field along a susceptible ferromagnet bar, results in the magnetic field rings around every magnetic particle being re-orientated from circulating in a random orientation of planes around their home electron, into the same plane as the applied field.
But the re-orientated magnetic field rings of the electrons of the ferromagnetic bar are trapped between the magnetic field lines of the applied magnet. To avoid crossing these field lines, each circulating magnetic particle is forced to break free from its circuit around its host electron and follow a path threading between the lines of the applied magnet field that are streaming through the ferromagnetic bar.
The induced magnetic field lines are completely interleaved within the applied magnetic field and are hence routed through the applied bar magnet via its magnetic south pole.
Essential to the whole of the magnetic induction process is the basic axiom that magnetic lines cannot cross each other. As a consequence, the newly induced magnetic field lines are initially unable to leave by the surfaces of the bar, as they would need to cross the field lines of the applied bar magnet flowing along all its four outer surfaces.
But, once the applied magnetic field reaches the end of the bar and its magnetic field is physically removed, a second phase of the induced magnetic field begins.
With the removal of the externally applied magnetic field, the induced magnetic field lines now find themselves free to leave the bar, not just by the ‘outlet end’, but also via its four surfaces: top, bottom and both sides.
It is this phase of the induction process that gives rise to the bar magnet having an ‘outlet half’ and an ‘inlet half’, which is traditionally called the ‘north seeking’ and ‘south seeking’ ends of the magnet.
The process of creating this symmetrically divided structure of the induced magnetic field is governed by two principles. Firstly, that the field lines take the shortest route back to their home particle and secondly, that their field lines do not impede each other.
To avoid crossing each other’s paths, this process creates a series of ‘nested concentric circles’ at all angles from each surface of the ferromagnetic bar. This structure enables the magnetic field lines to create elliptical circuits all along the ferromagnetic bar without them crossing each other’s pathway.
To visualise this in three dimensions, imagine that you are holding a circular bunch of thin, dry, cylindrical lengths of spaghetti, except that their lengths are incrementally shortened from longest in the middle to shortest in the outer layer.
The spaghetti is then lightly steamed, such that each strand, from shortest first to longest last, is now softened and is able to turn outwards and back on itself, to meet up with its other end. One half of the bunch turns clockwise and the other half anticlockwise, together creating a series of nested elliptical circuits around and along the bar, symmetrically leaving one half of the bar and re-entering via the other half.
The presence of the newly created magnetic field lines circulating through and around the ferromagnetic bar, means that each magnetic particle continuously passes by its home electron, but is unable to return to its original circuit around the electron without crossing its own field lines, thereby turning the bar into an induced permanent magnet.
With these two additional axioms; the 100% permeability of media to magnetic field lines and the kinetic energy of the circulating magnetic particle, the magnetic field of a bar magnet with its clockwise-anticlockwise structure and its north and south halves, has an explanation.
The 100% permeability of magnetic field lines through matter is perhaps already a known and accepted fact and is not, as such, an additional axiom.
But the second added axiom that each magnetic field ring is created by the ‘kinetic energy of a magnetic particle’ is fundamental to the explanation of how the massive magnetic fields are created within and around planets, stars and galaxies, as well as the explanation of the inlet-outlet and clockwise-anticlockwise structure of magnetic fields.
-
A magnet creates an eternal flow of passive time, which exits polarized and enters the pole.
With this idea it is possible to provide a good explanation for electrical phenomena.
There is no need for electrons, and there is no need for imaginary particles.
If you refrigerate the passive time in the absolute zero direction, the effects of superconductivity will appear.
Passive time is everywhere, and void does not exist.
There are waves of passive time (PTW) and moving at a speed C in any direction.
The mainstay of PTW, is the passive time that it rests completely