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Non Life Sciences => Physics, Astronomy & Cosmology => Topic started by: jeffreyH on 23/03/2018 12:42:52

Title: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: jeffreyH on 23/03/2018 12:42:52
I think not but it would be interesting to get other views on the subject.
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: Colin2B on 23/03/2018 14:47:41
Momentum can, which implies kinetic energy
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: jeffreyH on 23/03/2018 15:17:38
For a Lagrangian we only need to consider kinetic and potential energies. The rest energy is not involved. This is due to the equivalence of inertial and gravitational mass. The energy is that of motion. You do not require motion to have a gravitational field. If the strength of a gravitational field depends upon the motion of its source I don't know what the implications would be.
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: Colin2B on 23/03/2018 17:30:00
Are you thinking of something other than, dare I say it, relativistic mass?
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: jeffreyH on 23/03/2018 18:17:06
Are you thinking of something other than, dare I say it, relativistic mass?

Well the Lorentz factor is real as demonstrated by time dilation. The question is which side of the equation does it belong on when determining force? You could argue that it makes no difference as it is unitless.
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: jeffreyH on 23/03/2018 18:26:48
You could also ask why am I nit picking?
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: jeffreyH on 23/03/2018 19:13:45
Say we define the following equation.

05ac4e87b12276bafa7040cef17fedf9.gif

Where F is force, p is momentum and t is time. The Lorentz factor is applied to the force in a frame moving relative to an inertial observer. This requires no function to be applied to momentum.
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: jeffreyH on 24/03/2018 12:45:28
As a final note on this we can define the Lorentz factor as 62803214b53bee4cc6a3ede4fa73c21b.gif

This conclusion is arrived at by showing that the equation is homogeneous.

f95faa28bdbb6846003bacf5a0a38d5c.gif
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: jeffreyH on 24/03/2018 13:00:49
The speed would make a difference inasmuch as there is a difference between a circular and elliptical orbit due to a difference in velocity. So the effect of the field is affected by relative velocity. The above implies an effect on force carriers due to an increasing velocity. This is the root of time dilation.
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: geordief on 24/03/2018 13:06:03
The speed would make a difference inasmuch as there is a difference between a circular and elliptical orbit due to a difference in velocity. So the effect of the field is affected by relative velocity. The above implies an effect on force carriers due to an increasing velocity. This is the root of time dilation.

By "force carriers" do you mean gravitons?
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: jeffreyH on 24/03/2018 13:09:14
Any force carriers. For the strong, weak, electromagnetic and gravitational fields. Why do things continue to move in a straight line at constant velocity? Is this connected to the speed of light? What are the mathematics that would show this? Just a few topics for conversation.
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: jeffreyH on 24/03/2018 13:27:03
As things become more complex you run into the n-body problem. This applies to much more than elementary particles.
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: geordief on 24/03/2018 13:29:32
. Why do things continue to move in a straight line at constant velocity? Is this connected to the speed of light? What are the mathematics that would show this? Just a few topics for conversation.

If there is any predictability at all in physics then one ongoing  measurement  must surely be the same as the previous one if conditions are unchanged.**

That defines a straight line perhaps .which can be a curved line provided the curvature is constant.

So a straight line can be seen as analogous to logical  reasoning. No straight lines ,no reliable mental
 constructs possible..

Of course if our collective mental constructs are somehow flawed at  "base camp" then our understanding of our surroundings also start with that handicap.

But I think we can believe (a faith?) that our mental constructs and our physical environment are "joined at the hip" even if the union  is obscured from our understanding.

I have no idea what mathematics might be brought to bear on my assertions(or if they have any merit) but "straight lines" is an interesting topic.

**edit: on reflection that  is certainly not irrefutable
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: opportunity on 24/03/2018 13:33:08
As things become more complex you run into the n-body problem. This applies to much more than elementary particles.

Really? The n-body problem is pitched at celestial objects resolving GR and SR issues. That's like saying ice cream is cold. How do things become more complex than the elementary particle level there? Wouldn't you want to solve the elementary particle level first?
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: jeffreyH on 24/03/2018 13:38:43
@opportunity The Higgs particle is distinct from the Higgs mechanism. The Higgs mechanism is responsible for part of the mass of nucleons. In that respect it has a link to inertia. I am not sure how that is linked to kinetic energy.

@geordief I think you need to clarify your thoughts. I would have a look at classical mechanics and Newton's laws.
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: jeffreyH on 24/03/2018 13:50:58
The n-body problem applies to objects at all scales since the important thing is the force or forces involved. BTW anything stationary has zero kinetic energy. You have internal system energies in the form of oscillations.
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: geordief on 24/03/2018 13:51:41


@geordief I think you need to clarify your thoughts. I would have a look at classical mechanics and Newton's laws.
You mean my thoughts should be  more focused here?
Is your question about straight lines restricted to classical physics (are there any straight lines in quantum physics?)
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: jeffreyH on 24/03/2018 14:11:37
. Why do things continue to move in a straight line at constant velocity? Is this connected to the speed of light? What are the mathematics that would show this? Just a few topics for conversation.

Quote
If there is any predictability at all in physics then one ongoing  measurement  must surely be the same as the previous one if conditions are unchanged.**
This may be true at the microscopic scale and in quantum mechanics but at macroscopic scales relative motion has to be taken into account.

Quote
That defines a straight line perhaps .which can be a curved line provided the curvature is constant.

So a straight line can be seen as analogous to logical  reasoning. No straight lines ,no reliable mental
 constructs possible..
I can see why you are considering curvature as representing a straight line since this describes the way geodesics relate to geometry. The second sentence isn't clear.

Quote
Of course if our collective mental constructs are somehow flawed at  "base camp" then our understanding of our surroundings also start with that handicap.

But I think we can believe (a faith?) that our mental constructs and our physical environment are "joined at the hip" even if the union  is obscured from our understanding.
I have no idea what you mean here. At least not in scientific terms.

Quote
I have no idea what mathematics might be brought to bear on my assertions(or if they have any merit) but "straight lines" is an interesting topic.

**edit: on reflection that  is certainly not irrefutable
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: opportunity on 24/03/2018 14:17:05
Ok, so you're looking large scale and not small. I know what you're asking about massive celestial objects, and you know "should that hold true" on the elementary particle level?
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: geordief on 24/03/2018 14:29:02
@jeffreyH
The quote function has defeated me this time  and so  I will still try to answer as best I can.

I felt  ,in contradiction to you that straight lines should apply more to classical physics than quantum physics.



Also to your quote "The second sentence isn't clear." I was meandering  from the question  but ,in that a straight line can be seen as one (unit) step followed  by another  then there is a superficial similarity to steps in logic. But this was probably not particularly helpful or useful .

Actually my initial thought regarding straight lines was to bring up extremal aging but I have yet to understand that concept very well and so steered clear of parading this additional  aspect of my ignorance. ;)
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: jeffreyH on 24/03/2018 14:32:06
On the microscopic scale gravitational forces are negligible. An elementary particle will have an infinitesimal gravitational effect on the objects around it.
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: opportunity on 24/03/2018 14:40:29
....and the "family" of elementary particles still has no gravitational effect?

Really?

Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: jeffreyH on 24/03/2018 15:06:46
@geordief Extremal aging. You need to understand that this means the principle of least action. An interesting discussion of this is here.
https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/principle-of-extremal-aging.573440/
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: jeffreyH on 24/03/2018 15:09:12
....and the "family" of elementary particles still has no gravitational effect?

Really?



Negligible is not synonymous with nonexistent.
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: jeffreyH on 24/03/2018 15:37:05
BTW I am simply not interested in reading through "the handbook of elementary particle facts".
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: jeffreyH on 24/03/2018 15:43:39
Are you serious? You're drawing a line between negligible and non-existant...

So you don't then? Then you don't care about precision of language. If you cannot define what you mean the others won't understand it. That makes everything you say irrelevant.
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: jeffreyH on 24/03/2018 15:46:08
What I have read is David Griffiths' An Introduction to Elementary Particles which goes into detail. Not just a list of tables.
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: jeffreyH on 24/03/2018 15:47:54
You should read it. Then you might start to understand what you are trying to talk about.
https://www.amazon.co.uk/Introduction-Elementary-Particles-David-Griffiths/dp/3527406018
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: jeffreyH on 24/03/2018 16:12:46
A turn back in what respect exactly? If my input isn't relevant who cares. I started the thread. You can use elementary particles to study gravity but it is not exactly the best way to start. You have to design experiments very carefully to study the effects on those particles. You might have all sorts of other things disturbing the results. It is much easier to observe gravity at work amongst planets and stars. It is a laboratory we don't have to build.
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: jeffreyH on 24/03/2018 16:48:17
Just to help and in respect to particles we have the following.

If x0 is the initial position of an object then x = x0 + vt is the position of an object at time t.

If the velocity were v - ε then its position at time t would be

x0 + (v - ε)t = x0 + vt  - εt = x - εt

We can represent a velocity as ce83c404a1a9f4fb4cf70ea135f5672d.gif where P is the momentum matrix. Nowhere is gravity taken into consideration.
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: jeffreyH on 24/03/2018 16:49:17
Over to you.
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: jeffreyH on 24/03/2018 17:01:10
I'll just show you an energy equation that I have been studying to illustrate the point.

4639f3701de722bed49df67fdaa7852a.gif

I had to learn linear algebra before that made sense.
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: jeffreyH on 24/03/2018 17:10:40
What exactly is time-space?
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: jeffreyH on 24/03/2018 17:46:03
Am I wrong in saying if something is going fast enough, "why not" (I'm focussing on the question of the post here, nouns, verbs, and adjectives)?

This is an interesting point. Not because gravity may accumulate at speed but that it has to be affected by time dilation just like all other forces.

Quote
It can be "a" source accoring to SR and GR, yet as stand-alone mass, as kinetic energy, and I am thinking that's your question, stationary mass, is that kinetic, right? It may not be visible, but "actual" on an elementary particle level.

The above is wrong.
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: jeffreyH on 24/03/2018 18:02:00
kinetic implies motion. A stationary mass is not kinetic.
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: jeffreyH on 24/03/2018 18:21:33
It would be instructive to study gauge bosons. Which are not all massless.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_boson
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: jeffreyH on 24/03/2018 19:14:10
A proviso to the original premise of this thread is shown here.
http://www.sciencebits.com/node/175
This should be taken into account.
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: jeffreyH on 24/03/2018 19:49:41
The necessary adjustment gives the following equation.

0df9a83c4f25174f01c7fa2526508b12.gif
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: jeffreyH on 24/03/2018 19:54:47
I am not convinced about the veracity of the above equation.
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: jeffreyH on 24/03/2018 20:17:25
I am placing this link here for reference. WARNING. It contains scary mathematics.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254235022_Derivations_of_Relativistic_Force_Transformation_Equations
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: Colin2B on 25/03/2018 23:17:15
I am not convinced about the veracity of the above equation.
Now much of the deadwood has been pruned it’s easier to see the trees.

Question I have about this  05ac4e87b12276bafa7040cef17fedf9.gif  is what do you do about a78755b4882cc3dc7027f8bac63d43ee.gif which changes with velocity and hence with time so do you need to include  26a7b52aa8d8552232b2ad0acec1dfcb.gif on the rhs ?
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: jeffreyH on 26/03/2018 10:09:20
If you look at the equation for the Lorentz factor above then I would say yes that is likely to be the case.
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: jeffreyH on 26/03/2018 12:42:46
I am not convinced about the veracity of the above equation.
Now much of the deadwood has been pruned it’s easier to see the trees.

Question I have about this  05ac4e87b12276bafa7040cef17fedf9.gif  is what do you do about a78755b4882cc3dc7027f8bac63d43ee.gif which changes with velocity and hence with time so do you need to include  26a7b52aa8d8552232b2ad0acec1dfcb.gif on the rhs ?

That results in ce93929b4c3b59cc2f1f3fb28c6ab018.gif which can be rearranged as 91c245c9aa3436c6618a01966948c962.gif. Now we are into homogeneous first order differential equation territory.
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: jeffreyH on 26/03/2018 12:48:15
Now I've just got to lift and separate. Er, sorry, separate and integrate.
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: PmbPhy on 26/03/2018 13:04:09
I think not but it would be interesting to get other views on the subject.
Yes. All forms of energy can create a gravitational field. Its whatever the T^00 component of the stress-energy-momentum consists of. Didn't I ever mention that the energy of a photon or a directed beam of light is all kinetic energy and that light can create a gravitational  field? This was done way back in 1931 by Tolman, Ehrenfest and Podolsky in the article

On The Gravitational Field Produced by Light, Tolman, Ehrenfest and Podolsky, Physical Review, Vol. (37), March 1, 1931, pg 602-615.

I placed it online in my own words at:
http://www.newenglandphysics.org/physics_world/gr/grav_light.htm
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: jeffreyH on 26/03/2018 17:17:54
Thanks Pete. I'll have a read through.
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: jeffreyH on 26/03/2018 18:10:13
Putting the equation through Wolfram Alpha gives the following 2 solutions.

58f319fb0ea64d76a9b64948b4646153.gif

972a34b11cd53f22e735c3f40ba48d5a.gif
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: jeffreyH on 26/03/2018 18:17:03
Determining c1?
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: jeffreyH on 26/03/2018 18:34:17
Start with

770f1f2f45c20bc548e242729313fbff.gif

a46d08133792d2a68d8be5de7b7bb500.gif

bdf8c89eee7e8bce379bee37f383760a.gif
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: jeffreyH on 26/03/2018 18:37:05
I haven't even checked the dimensions!
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: Colin2B on 26/03/2018 18:52:34
That results in ce93929b4c3b59cc2f1f3fb28c6ab018.gif which can be rearranged as 91c245c9aa3436c6618a01966948c962.gif. Now we are into homogeneous first order differential equation territory.
What I was thinking was to move  ae539dfcc999c28e25a0f3ae65c1de79.gif from under F and move it to rhs
So -  76386a1cce9045b4a6089b864a2eaf6b.gif

What do you think?
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: jeffreyH on 26/03/2018 19:19:13
That results in ce93929b4c3b59cc2f1f3fb28c6ab018.gif which can be rearranged as 91c245c9aa3436c6618a01966948c962.gif. Now we are into homogeneous first order differential equation territory.
What I was thinking was to move  ae539dfcc999c28e25a0f3ae65c1de79.gif from under F and move it to rhs
So -  76386a1cce9045b4a6089b864a2eaf6b.gif

What do you think?

I can give that a go.
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: jeffreyH on 26/03/2018 20:06:00
The conclusion I am coming to is that what is needed is a non homogeneous differential equation with a periodic force. So we basically introduce a wave function and apply the Lorentz factor. I have seen this method used without gamma. I have to think about how to introduce gamma. This would relate very well to both force and time dilation via the wave function.
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: jeffreyH on 26/03/2018 20:55:48
I have found one discussion on differentiating the Lorentz factor with respect to time. Pretty short.
https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/differentiating-lorentz-factor-with-respect-to-time.153702/
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: Colin2B on 26/03/2018 22:57:21
Sorry, what I posted doesn’t make sense, I was too focused on gamma vs time.
Try d23ad824d157534835d11a6aa57232d5.gif
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: jeffreyH on 30/03/2018 16:13:14
Well if we use the product rule on (dp)/(dt) we get m*(dv/dt)+v*(dm/dt). Then it is just a case of applying this to F=d(pγ)/(dt).
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: jeffreyH on 30/03/2018 17:05:05
The Lorentz factor is a nightmare here. I am looking at things like the four gradient at the moment. The gradient dγ/dβ works out as c2/[vc-v2]. This may work for the changing force. I have to double check. Here gamma is the Lorentz factor and beta is v/c.
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: jeffreyH on 30/03/2018 17:14:05
We can see that mass flow rate is also part of the overall solution via dm/dt.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_flow_rate
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: jeffreyH on 30/03/2018 17:21:12
So what do we have? fc26ae13ce9bbbc83e0bbd884044c7c5.gif
Title: Re: Can kinetic energy be the source of a gravitational field?
Post by: jeffreyH on 31/03/2018 11:29:27
Now all I have to do is find a transform to convert the force in the primed frame to the force seen be the stationary observer. Then I can think about the possible relationship to gravity.