Post by: Mitko Gorgiev on 15/02/2020 19:52:57
Although very simple and at the same time very important, the experiment with the glass, the vinyl and the transistors’ circuits performed in the way presented is yet unknown, although it could have been carried out long ago, even when no transistors existed. How? Very simple, with the help of an electroscope.
Please look at the drawing below. In the middle is a gold leaf electroscope (nowadays the gold leaves are replaced with aluminum foils), from the top of which two metal wires, many meters long, are drawn. The wires extend in opposite directions, thus making their ends very far apart. Thereby the interference of the different influences on the wires, carried out during the experiment, will be avoided.
electroscope.png (24.73 kB . 535x149 - viewed 5464 times)If we now move the electrified glass toward the end of one wire, then the leaves will spread apart. They spread apart because a positive current flows through the wire and the moment it reaches the other end, it electrifies the air around the leaves. This air-electrification keeps the leaves spread. Now we move the glass away from the wire. The leaves join together. Why? Towards the opposite end of the wire now flows a negative current which is electrifying the air negatively, that is, it is neutralizing its previous positive electrification.
Now we move the glass object again toward the wire. The leaves spread apart. Then we touch the top of the electroscope with a finger, neutralizing the air-electrification in the electroscope and the leaves close together (this "neutralization" requires further explanation of what exactly is going on, but that will be left for another answer). The glass object remains stationary in the immediate vicinity of the wire. Then we move the electrified vinyl plate toward the end of the other wire. The leaves spread apart. Now we move the glass object away from the end of the first wire. The leaves spread apart even more. Why? By moving the positively electrified glass away we caused a negative current toward the opposite end of the wire, further intensifying the previous negative electrification.
By moving the vinyl plate and the glass toward or away and by touching the top of the electroscope, we can perform other variations of the experiment, too.
• • • • •
When we move a hand-held fan, then we cause an air-wind. Just as a higher pressure/blowing is created in front of the fan (plus) and lower pressure/suctioning behind the fan (minus), so it is created a plus-electricity (blowing) in front of the electrified glass object and minus-electricity (suctioning) behind it when we move it. The difference between the two cases is that with the electricity we can also move a negatively electrified object, whereby the minus-electricity (suctioning) is created in front of the object, while the plus-electricity (blowing) behind the object.
So, the electromagnetic induction is evoking electric current in a metal wire by:
1) moving electric field to or fro the wire longitudinally (by acting on the E-segments);
2) moving magnetic field to or fro the wire transversally (by acting on the M-segments).
This answer needs to be extended with an explanation of another case of induction as that in the transformers. Here twisting and untwisting of the magnetic field takes place. But I will explain that later.
P.S. Consider also the following experiment: from a lacquered copper wire we cut off twenty to thirty pieces of about 10 cm. From them we form a bundle of parallel wires and connect the two ends with one more wire each. The other ends of these two wires are connected to a sensitive analog ammeter. We hold the bundle horizontally and move quickly a strong and broad magnet downwards on its left side. The pointer of the instrument will make a deflection to one side. If we now move the magnet quickly downwards on the right side of the bundle, the instrument will make a deflection to the opposite side. The magnetic flux that we have produced in the wire is now in the opposite direction to the one in the first case, which is why the deflection is in the opposite direction. The motion of the magnet produces current even if we only approach it to the bundle from one side without lowering it below the bundle. In this case the current is somewhat weaker. But if we now move the magnet down to the middle of the bundle, the instrument won’t show any current, because the left and the right halve of the magnet act on opposite sides of the bundle, canceling each other out.
We can do the experiment with only a single wire instead of a bundle, as long as we have a very strong magnet and a very sensitive ammeter.
You can imagine that inside this wire there is a propeller or there are many propellers in a row. When you turn a propeller manually from the left side, then it is turning in one direction and it is blowing on one side (plus), but it is suctioning on the other side (minus). When you turn the propeller from the right side, then it is turning in the contrary direction and the air current is in the opposite direction. But you cannot turn the propeller from above. Exactly the same picture we have with the magnet and the wire.
propellers.png (11.56 kB . 400x221 - viewed 5550 times)*******
P.P.S.
The shape of the magnetic forces in and in the vicinity of the poles of a, let’s say, cylindrical magnet is twisted, very similar to a stranded wire.
twisted field.png (128.68 kB . 523x252 - viewed 5490 times)When we lower the magnet on one side of a metal wire, then we can imagine something similar to two helical gears at angle of 90 degrees. The twisted field of the permanent magnet is the one gear; the induced magnetic field in the wire, which is also around the wire and is also spiral-shaped, is the other gear.
The twisted field of the permanent magnet is static when the magnet is not moving. When the magnet is moving, then its field is moving together with the magnet. This moving field we can call a magnetic wind. When we lower the magnet on one side of a metal wire, then this magnetic wind induces another magnetic wind in the wire, whose effect spreads also around it. This opposes to the first, just as a mechanical gear would offer a resistance to another gear by which is moved.
When we induce a current in a solenoid by moving a magnet in and out of it, then we have a device very similar to the mechanical “push and spin” devices, which can be found in kids toys, ashtrays etc.
Post by: Bored chemist on 16/02/2020 09:29:47
Do you make any testable prediction where your "ideas" give the right answer and the current established theories don't?
Post by: Mitko Gorgiev on 12/03/2020 18:58:51
Unless there is a part 4 where you give us the maths so we can check this, all you have done is waste bandwidth.Yes, maybe I will post soon one part more, where I can give the maths about determining the pitch of the magnetic spiral.
The pitch of the magnetic spiral in the current carrying wire depends on the intensity of the current. The stronger the current, the smaller the pitch.
I have already written something about this in "A new explanation of the electric current"
https://www.thenakedscientists.com/forum/index.php?topic=78153.0
Do you make any testable prediction where your "ideas" give the right answer and the current established theories don't?In my view, a theory should explain the phenomena on the basis of many experiments. It is not necessary that it gives predictions. Maybe I will write later more on this subject.