Naked Science Forum

Non Life Sciences => Physics, Astronomy & Cosmology => Topic started by: iacopo.russo on 07/10/2021 15:10:57

Title: How do high-performance optical mirrors work?
Post by: iacopo.russo on 07/10/2021 15:10:57
Rajesh wrote to us to ask:

Why do a High Index material and a Low Index material need to be used alternatively in high-performance optical mirrors?

What do you think?
Title: Re: How do high-performance optical mirrors work?
Post by: Origin on 07/10/2021 15:24:46
Why do a High Index material and a Low Index material need to be used alternatively in high-performance optical mirrors?
The refractive index of the glass used in telescope mirrors is not a concern at all since the reflection is off of the surface of the mirror.  The important property of the mirror glass is that it has a low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE).  The lower the CTE the lower the distortion due to temperature differences in the mirror.
Title: Re: How do high-performance optical mirrors work?
Post by: Bored chemist on 07/10/2021 19:25:39
What do you think?
I think it's a homework question.
Title: Re: How do high-performance optical mirrors work?
Post by: evan_au on 07/10/2021 21:44:07
Some of the highest performing mirrors are used in LIGO, the gravitational wave observatory. These use the technique of many layers of high/low refractive index.

It is claimed that these mirrors absorb something like 1 photon in 3.5 million. This is much better than the aluminium + aluminium oxide coating on astronomical mirrors, which only reflect about 90% of photons (and there are typically 2-3 mirrors in a large optical telescope, so the overall efficiency is lower again).

However, when you look at the LIGO mirrors, they are completely transparent. This is because LIGO uses an infra-red laser, so the mirror is reflective at only a very narrow range of wavelengths in the infra-red.
See: https://www.ligo.caltech.edu/page/optics