Naked Science Forum

On the Lighter Side => New Theories => Topic started by: alancalverd on 24/11/2021 15:37:41

Title: Do rocket engines violate the equivalence principle?
Post by: alancalverd on 24/11/2021 15:37:41
[This topic was split from here: https://www.thenakedscientists.com/forum/index.php?topic=59801.0]

This raises a different question of equivalence.

Assume a rocket with a very large but finite amount of fuel, accelerating at 1g. The occupant feels as though he is standing on a planet, but knows he is accelerating because his fuel gauge is decreasing.

Title: Re: Do rocket engines violate the equivalence principle?
Post by: Bored chemist on 24/11/2021 18:24:59
but knows he is accelerating because his fuel gauge is decreasing.
Unfortunately, the ship was built by  some fool who didn't understand relativity or engines, but thought that having 2 was clearly better than having one.
His aesthetic sense said it would be nice to have them on opposite ends of the ship, pointing in opposite directions.

The occupants of the ship have three choices.
They can fire one rocket- and accelerate, or they can fire the other engine and accelerate in the opposite direction
Those two options use fuel at some rate.

Or they can fire up both engines and use fuel at twice the rate.

And, according to you, that means that with the two engines cancelling each other out and achieving nothing, they accelerate faster.

Title: Re: Do rocket engines violate the equivalence principle?
Post by: alancalverd on 24/11/2021 19:04:50
Most rockets are not designed or piloted by fools.
Title: Re: Do rocket engines violate the equivalence principle?
Post by: Bored chemist on 24/11/2021 20:46:08
Most rockets are not designed or piloted by fools.
Does the definition of a fool mean someone who thinks the fuel gauge is an accelerometer?
Title: Re: Do rocket engines violate the equivalence principle?
Post by: alancalverd on 26/11/2021 23:56:04
Most rockets are not designed or piloted by fools.
Does the definition of a fool mean someone who thinks the fuel gauge is an accelerometer?
The definition of a fool is someone who doesn't understand newtonian physics.  If you are burning fuel, you must be producing thrust, so you must be accelerating, unless the rocket was designed by BC. Chacun a son gout.
Title: Re: Do rocket engines violate the equivalence principle?
Post by: Bored chemist on 26/11/2021 23:59:40
The definition of a fool is someone who doesn't understand newtonian physics.  If you are burning fuel, you must be producing thrust, so you must be accelerating
And yet I showed how this was not true.

By the way, the Sun is burning mass at a significant rate.
What direction is the corresponding acceleration?

Title: Re: Do rocket engines violate the equivalence principle?
Post by: alancalverd on 27/11/2021 12:08:14
Inwards. You used to place great store by the conservation of momentum. What changed? 
Title: Re: Do rocket engines violate the equivalence principle?
Post by: Bored chemist on 27/11/2021 12:18:19
Inwards. You used to place great store by the conservation of momentum. What changed? 
I see; you think that squeezing a vessel is the same as accelerating it...
Must make navigation tricky.
Title: Re: Do rocket engines violate the equivalence principle?
Post by: alancalverd on 27/11/2021 13:38:16
The time differential of momentum is force. Whether it compresses an object or accelerates it depends on whether there is an opposing force. I have naively assumed the mass ejection pattern of the sun to be spherically symmetric but if it isn't, it will behave like a rocket.

I generally navigate with three horizontal forces: thrust, drag, and wind, or four if I'm in a boat. The trick is to direct the vector sum towards my destination (preferably avoiding Heathrow or Dover as appropriate). If you get it wrong, you can meet an opposing force called "terrain", and the vehicle gets compressed.

Rockets are easier as you only need to consider thrust, which is given by F = V dm/dt + pA  where V = exhaust velocity, p = exhaust pressure, A = exhaust area and dm/dt is the fuel burn rate, which you can determine from your fuel gauge.


 
Title: Re: Do rocket engines violate the equivalence principle?
Post by: Bored chemist on 27/11/2021 13:58:42
Stop blethering.
The fuel gauge still does not tell you if your ship is accelerating, does it?
Title: Re: Do rocket engines violate the equivalence principle?
Post by: pzkpfw on 27/11/2021 22:30:46
The original thought experiment on this specifies there's no window for the occupant of the box to simply look out of to decide what's going on.

The fuel gauge is essentially putting that window back ... providing mundane evidence.

It's a red herring.
Title: Re: Do rocket engines violate the equivalence principle?
Post by: alancalverd on 27/11/2021 23:25:21
Stop blethering.
The fuel gauge still does not tell you if your ship is accelerating, does it?
If it is burning fuel and the laws of physics haven't changed, it must be accelerating. You need to look at the gauge twice, of course, to see if the number has changed, and you need to check the exhaust temperature so that you know whether you are burning fuel in the motor or just leaking it to the cosmos, but that is all part of the umpteen years of training in rocket science that astronauts tend to do while they are waiting to fly. And of course you need to check that your rocket wasn't built by an idiot, like with an engine at each end, but you should have done that before pressing the start button.

Come to think of it, even if you are just leaking raw fuel into  the cosmos, Newton still says you must be accelerating.
Title: Re: Do rocket engines violate the equivalence principle?
Post by: hamdani yusuf on 28/11/2021 00:23:47
Come to think of it, even if you are just leaking raw fuel into  the cosmos, Newton still says you must be accelerating.
Perhaps you can try to think out of your silo, and consider alternative mechanisms for acceleration, such as laser propulsion. Don't let technical details obscure your reasoning to find the answer to the basic question being asked.
Title: Re: Do rocket engines violate the equivalence principle?
Post by: alancalverd on 28/11/2021 00:32:14
I can't think of any propulsion system that doesn't consume fuel of some sort, and conserve momentum.
Title: Re: Do rocket engines violate the equivalence principle?
Post by: hamdani yusuf on 28/11/2021 00:41:22
I can't think of any propulsion system that doesn't consume fuel of some sort, and conserve momentum.
What do you mean by conserving momentum? Doesn't it mean that it doesn't accelerate? Acceleration is rate of change of momentum.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_propulsion
Quote
Laser propulsion is a form of beam-powered propulsion where the energy source is a remote (usually ground-based) laser system and separate from the reaction mass. This form of propulsion differs from a conventional chemical rocket where both energy and reaction mass come from the solid or liquid propellants carried on board the vehicle.
Title: Re: Do rocket engines violate the equivalence principle?
Post by: Bored chemist on 28/11/2021 10:50:46
What do you mean by conserving momentum? Doesn't it mean that it doesn't accelerate?
No
A rocket throws stuff out the back, and moves forward.
The total ,momentum of the stuff and the rocket remains the same.



https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_propulsion
Quote
Laser propulsion is a form of beam-powered propulsion where the energy source is a remote (usually ground-based) laser system and separate from the reaction mass. This form of propulsion differs from a conventional chemical rocket where both energy and reaction mass come from the solid or liquid propellants carried on board the vehicle.

Light carries momentum.
Title: Re: Do rocket engines violate the equivalence principle?
Post by: Bored chemist on 28/11/2021 10:52:58
Stop blethering.
The fuel gauge still does not tell you if your ship is accelerating, does it?
If it is burning fuel and the laws of physics haven't changed, it must be accelerating. You need to look at the gauge twice, of course, to see if the number has changed, and you need to check the exhaust temperature so that you know whether you are burning fuel in the motor or just leaking it to the cosmos, but that is all part of the umpteen years of training in rocket science that astronauts tend to do while they are waiting to fly. And of course you need to check that your rocket wasn't built by an idiot, like with an engine at each end, but you should have done that before pressing the start button.

Come to think of it, even if you are just leaking raw fuel into  the cosmos, Newton still says you must be accelerating.
Stop blethering.
The fuel gauge still does not tell you if your ship is accelerating, does it?
If you want to make coffee on board the ship, you have to use fuel.
What effect does that have on the ship's speed?
Title: Re: Do rocket engines violate the equivalence principle?
Post by: Bored chemist on 28/11/2021 10:57:42
And of course you need to check that your rocket wasn't built by an idiot, like with an engine at each end, but you should have done that before pressing the start button.
It's quite common to have an engine (of sorts) at each end.
Here's one; it's a rocket plane, but you can clearly see the propeller at the front.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_163_Komet#/media/File:Messerschmitt_Me_163B_USAF.jpg

(Read what I said carefully before you comment)
Title: Re: Do rocket engines violate the equivalence principle?
Post by: Halc on 28/11/2021 17:35:08
I can't think of any propulsion system that doesn't consume fuel of some sort, and conserve momentum.
If you can define a closed system, then yes, the momentum of that system will be conserved. Most rockets are not considered closed systems.

The definition of a fool is someone who doesn't understand newtonian physics.  If you are burning fuel, you must be producing thrust, so you must be accelerating
Alan, what is your purpose in obfuscating the physics of the equivalence principle? This [was] a mainstream thread and you're pushing very wrong physics in it. Newtonian physics does not conclude that thrust must result from the consumption of fuel, as BC has pointed out.
This is a thread about the EP, and to be equivalent, you must compare apples to apples, and your comparison of apples to oranges only serves to obfuscate. If you want to compare a rocket in space consuming fuel to accelerate at a constant proper 1G, then you need to compare it equivalently. So if you want to compare to a rocket in a vacuum at the surface of Earth consuming fuel to accelerate at a constant proper 1G. The one on Earth will not undergo any coordinate acceleration (as measured by a distant inertial observer) and the occupants of both rockets will be unable to tell via any local test which is which.

I said this as much in my first reply to you, which I notice you ignored. Why do your posts belong here? Why shouldn't I move all this nonsense to the lighter side?

BC, you're allowing yourself to be led by the nose by Alan. Your post about certain vehicles with propulsion at one end or the other is entirely irrelevant to the equivalence principle. If you want to take apart Alan's assertions, keep it to the parts that are relevant to the topic.
Title: Re: Do rocket engines violate the equivalence principle?
Post by: alancalverd on 28/11/2021 18:54:48
I hesitate to derail the discussion further, but If you burn fuel in a rocket engine, do you generate thrust or not? Are you suggesting that the moon landings were faked? They did involve an awful lot of fuel being burned, and as far as I can see, a lot of momentum transferred thereby to the payload. 

Reply #73 resolved my paradox very neatly and politely.

This leaves us with the observation that the sensation of doing nothing on the surface of a planet is indistinguishable from the sensation of burning fuel at an ever-increasing rate in the absence of a large external mass. From which we derive relativity.
Title: Re: Do rocket engines violate the equivalence principle?
Post by: hamdani yusuf on 29/11/2021 03:10:55
Reply #73 resolved my paradox very neatly and politely.
This thread hasn't had that many replies yet.
Title: Re: Do rocket engines violate the equivalence principle?
Post by: Halc on 29/11/2021 04:15:03
I hesitate to derail the discussion further, but If you burn fuel in a rocket engine, do you generate thrust or not?
I never said otherwise. But both our observers are generating the same thrust and consuming fuel at the same rate, so per the equivalence principle (which is what you should be discussing), no local test will show which is which.

Quote
Are you suggesting that the moon landings were faked?
This troll comment shows your intent. Thank you for that. I've split the thread.

Quote
This leaves us with the observation that the sensation of doing nothing on the surface of a planet is indistinguishable from the sensation of burning fuel at an ever-increasing rate in the absence of a large external mass.
Wrong at least twice. Neither is doing nothing, else, as I said before, it's apples to oranges. Both are consuming fuel at the same rate, and both have the sensation of proper acceleration, which isn't 'doing nothing'.

Secondly, rockets tend to lose mass as they progress, so to maintain constant proper acceleration, the fuel consumption goes down over time. This second part is irrelevant to the topic, but the first part is not.
Title: Re: Do rocket engines violate the equivalence principle?
Post by: Bored chemist on 29/11/2021 09:01:07
I hesitate to derail the discussion further,
Then don't.
If you burn fuel in a rocket engine, do you generate thrust or not?
Yes, but then again, nobody said otherwise, did they, so you are just trolling Is it  because you refuse to accept that you said something stupidly wrong?


The occupant feels as though he is standing on a planet, but knows he is accelerating because his fuel gauge is decreasing.
Title: Re: Do rocket engines violate the equivalence principle?
Post by: Origin on 29/11/2021 14:45:39
The occupant feels as though he is standing on a planet, but knows he is accelerating because his fuel gauge is decreasing.
If he looks out the window he also knows he is on a rocket.  Of course neither of those things have anything to do with the equivalence principle.

For crying out loud, you are monitor on a science site!  Isn't your goal to help members understand science??