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Physics, Astronomy & Cosmology / Re: What happens inside a black hole, and how do black holes evaporate?

« on: 22/09/2020 05:55:11 »

Here are some resources that might help make this tricky issue more clear:

https://www.einstein-online.info/en/spotlight/changing_places/

An object traveling faster than light (such as a tachyon) could indeed escape from an event horizon because tachyons travel along space-like geodesics.

There is a way to make black holes evaporate more slowly or even stop them from evaporating altogether: increase the spin or charge on them. When you reach a certain point, what you have is an "extremal" black hole that cannot radiate Hawking radiation and thus does not evaporate. Reversing this and making a black hole evaporate more quickly does not seem to be so straightforward.

As for calculating the probability of a warp drive forming spontaneously from random particles, I'm not sure that can be calculated because we don't know how to construct a warp drive and therefore don't know its required size, density or other such parameters.

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New Theories / Re: Should Wave-Particle Theory be modified or the Electromagnetic Wave Spectrum?

« on: 10/09/2020 22:04:27 »

This being said, then cosmic rays should be considered on the EM spectrum)?

No, because:

The electromagnetic spectrum applies solely to photons.

3

New Theories / Re: The unique normal force on human body: a massive human can stand on weak toes

« on: 10/09/2020 22:02:32 »

Today, just for the sake of it, I decided to test your claim with an experiment of my own. I put on a backpack, added weights to it, put weights on my ankles, held weights in my hands and, for good measure, hung a computer-carrying bag around my neck. The total amount of weight was 62 kilograms (I know this because I measured my weight with a scale both before and after I put all the weights on). Then I tried to see if I could still stand on my tip-toes despite carrying all that extra weight around.

I could. Without much trouble, either.

So each one of my calf muscles easily lifts much more than 31 kilograms (because that's not counting the weight of my own body). I don't even include calf exercises in my workout routine, and I'm a fairly average individual in terms of height and weight (well, for an American, anyway). So this pretty much proves that calf muscles in an average person are capable of lifting a 60 kilogram body. So I know from personal experience that you are wrong.

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New Theories / Re: Gravity...what the heck?

« on: 05/09/2020 17:18:15 »

What formed the proton to make the Hydrogen atom's nucleus?

The strong nuclear force.

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New Theories / Re: Gravity...what the heck?

« on: 04/09/2020 19:58:50 »

point of energy

What is a "point of energy"? That sounds like something Thebox would say.

The answer is no. Energy doesn't have to be moving to generate gravity.

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New Theories / Re: Gravity...what the heck?

« on: 02/09/2020 20:53:03 »

.If it's not quarks, then what is it that produces
gravity?

Mass (or equivalently, energy).

How would curved space/time produce gravity as opposed to mass?

Curved space-time is gravity.

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New Theories / Re: The Weak Force does not Exist

« on: 04/08/2020 14:05:50 »

If one looks at what a W-minus is made of versus what a d-quark is made of, it is inconceivable that a d-quark can emit a W-minus.

To the best of our knowledge, the W bosons and quarks aren't made of anything: they are fundamental particles.

Particles do not have to contain other particles in order to produce them. One set of particles is capable of transforming into another set of particles so long as conservation laws are satisfied. A good example of this is the fact that a positron and an electron can annihilate to produce a pair of photons. That, however, doesn't mean that an electron contains a photon and a positron contains a photon because sometimes the annihilation results in three photons instead of only two.

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Physiology & Medicine / Re: Are All Instances Stored As A Memory, However Banal.

« on: 02/08/2020 17:44:49 »

I'm doubtful of this. I recently watched footage of an old video game that I played when I was a child, and most of it didn't even ring a bell for me. So apparently, my mind had gotten rid of a lot of the content of that game that I was once exposed to.

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Physics, Astronomy & Cosmology / Re: Do All Planets (inc Exo Planets) Orbit Their Star In The Same Plane As Ours ?

« on: 02/08/2020 17:41:23 »

Even our own Solar System doesn't lie on a single plane. Pluto is an outlier (with an orbital inclination of 17.16 degrees), and Eris even more so (44.04 degrees). There are even minor bodies that come close to a 90 degree orbital inclination. The invariable plane of the Solar System itself is already at a tilt of about 60 degrees relative to the galactic plane of the Milky Way.

Exoplanets have variable orbital inclinations as well: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_nearest_exoplanets

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Physics, Astronomy & Cosmology / Re: Is it likely our planet had rings?

« on: 24/07/2020 05:53:17 »

I do seem to recall Earth being depicted as having a temporary ring system after the Theia collision on one television documentary. That ring was shown to coalesce into the Moon.

You might be interested to know that the minor planet 10199 Chariklo has a ring system, despite being a mere 232 kilometers across: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10199_Chariklo#Rings

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Chemistry / Re: What is that liquid in the video?

« on: 06/07/2020 06:10:06 »

Hot grease, it seems.

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COVID-19 / Re: Why isn’t it possible to inject antibodies as a preventative measure?

« on: 12/06/2020 06:13:18 »

It is possible, but it doesn't confer lasting immunity the way that a vaccine does. Here's a relevant quote from this source: https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2020/04/coronavirus-covid-survivors-treatments-convalescent-plasma-answers/

"There is a simple difference between vaccines and antibody treatments: Vaccines basically teach your immune system to fight a virus, while antibody treatments help your immune system fight a virus. It’s sort of like, if you wanted to eat a pie, you have two options—learn to bake the pie or buy one that’s already made. Buying a pie from the store may satisfy your craving immediately. But if you learn to bake, you can make as many pies as you want in the future."

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New Theories / Re: Are natural intrinsic properties exclusive to a field?

« on: 08/06/2020 22:42:23 »

Well, how about a changing gravitational field producing a dark matter field?

The magnetic equivalent to the gravitational field is called gravitomagnetism: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitoelectromagnetism

It is responsible for the phenomenon of frame-dragging: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frame-dragging

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New Theories / Re: How Can We Time Travel into the Past?

« on: 02/06/2020 14:04:19 »

This will change the past.

Not necessarily: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novikov_self-consistency_principle

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New Theories / Re: How Can We Time Travel into the Past?

« on: 01/06/2020 22:43:12 »

We usually do not notice any differences between the parallels because we are shifting to realities that are almost exactly like what we remember...

How could you know the difference?

Wormholes seem more like a quantum phenomena

It has been suggested that wormholes are form of quantum entanglement: https://www.zmescience.com/research/quantum-entanglement-wormholes-0424/#:~:text=New%20theory%20suggests%20quantum%20entanglement%20and%20wormholes%20are%20linked%20together,-byTibi%20Puiu&text=In%20a%20pair%20of%20entangled,are%20millions%20of%20miles%20away.

They explain that gravitational waves – and thus gravitons, cannot travel faster than the speed of light either, so I am not completely sure about warp drive...

That is indeed an objection that I've seen to a faster-than-light warp drive. You would need some way to send a signal to the space in front of you to tell it how to warp. If that signal is limited to the speed of light, that would seem to limit how fast the warp drive can go.

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Physics, Astronomy & Cosmology / Re: Is this gyroscopic antigravity?

« on: 01/06/2020 05:55:38 »

I found an article by NASA speaking about Laithwaite's idea. Scroll down to the section titled "Gyroscopic Antigravity": https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20070004897.pdf

So far, I haven't found any information about a test of such a device aboard the ISS.

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Physics, Astronomy & Cosmology / Re: Questions on wormholes, string theory, multiverse

« on: 24/05/2020 05:22:02 »

I can't answer all of your questions, but I can answer some:

3. Please explain false vacuum decay event. And how it is used in doomsday event.

Space has some net energy density even when it is devoid of all matter. This may, or may not, represent the minimum possible energy of the vacuum. If it isn't the minimum energy, then it is possible for the vacuum to lose energy and thus transition into a true (or at least "more true") vacuum with a lower energy density than the original. Whether or not this will happen is down to probability because of quantum physics. Wait long enough, and it should happen.

This release of energy should spread throughout the entire Universe, starting at the point where the vacuum transitioned into a lower energy state. This would presumably take the form of a sphere expanding at the speed of light. Since the energy of the vacuum is lower inside of the sphere than outside, the laws of physics may also be different. If this is true, then matter (and even life) as we know it may not be possible inside of the sphere. So if the edge of the expanding sphere were to pass through our Solar System, it could result in the eradication of all life.

6. What is the estimated size of the whole universe? How can that be calculated?

This is unknown. If I remember correctly, different inflation models produce different values for the total size of the Universe. This paper suggests that it could be above 10 to the 10th to the 10th to the 122nd mega-parsecs across: https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0610199

9. In the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics, one universe keeps splitting into copies of itself, like the cat dead found in one universe with one timeline and the cat alive in a different universe with different timeline, all probabilities happen in different universes, does this mean all those universes aren't time displaced and continue to go towards the future of increasing entropy and eventually heat death for every universe? For example, one universe is 13.8 billion years old and another is 1e+100 years old when all black holes evaporated, can they co-exist in a multiverse of many-worlds interpretation?

The second law of thermodynamics is probabilistic in itself. It is extraordinarily likely to be held for complex systems because there are exponentially more ways that entropy can increase over time rather than decrease. However, a multiverse where literally every possibility is realized, then there would be quite a few where entropy runs, as least temporarily, backwards.

10. Can there be an infinite number of dimensions? What is the upper limit and why are dimensions limited?

In principle, I don't see why there should be an upper limit.

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New Theories / Re: Is There Credible Evidence That God Exists?

« on: 09/05/2020 06:16:57 »

The rule says:

The site is not for evangelising your own pet theory.  It is perfectly acceptable that you should post your own theory up for discussion, but if all you want to do is promote your own idea and are not inviting critical debate about it, then that will not be acceptable.

The essence of the rule seems to be that it's okay to discuss a personal theory so long as actual debate takes place. My own interpretation would be that one should defend their position using rational arguments and evidence rather than ignoring or downplaying arguments against them, repeating a claim over and over without offering evidence (or in the face of counter-evidence) or simply advertising without any discussion at all.

I'm relatively new as a moderator, so these views may or may not be shared by the other moderators.

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New Theories / Re: Weakest point of special relativity

« on: 29/04/2020 20:33:12 »

If you ask with google, you may find many text about flaws of SR.

I can find many texts about the benefits of homeopathy on Google, too.

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New Theories / Re: Member qualifications to aswer questions. PHD etc

« on: 26/04/2020 17:22:04 »

Why does this forum allow anti-science soap boxing.  If someone has a non-mainstream idea that's fine, but having some bozo hijack a thread simply rant about how bad science is seems like it should deserve a warning of some sort.

What does pushing the report button accomplish?  I guess I don't know what the rules are for this forum.

The "On the Lighter Side" section is more relaxed about such things. As long as members don't do this in the main forum section, it's allowed. I don't like the anti-science sentiment either, but at least keeping it confined here helps it not to interfere when people come along asking for genuine answers to their science questions.