1

New Theories / Re: If there was one Big Bang event, why not multiple big bangs?

« on: 22/10/2020 00:36:20 »

One way to answer the question of multiples big bangs and universes, is to look at the second law, which is connected to entropy. If the second law is true and entropy has to increase, while an increase in entropy absorbs energy, then energy is constantly being made unusable to the universe.

The energy is conserved, but in a dead pool of energy, that cannot be directly reused by the current universe, since entropy has to increase. To recycle all this energy, entropy would have to decrease for 15 billion of years. But as long as the second law remains valid, we have an increasing pool of dead energy. The original BB is getting thinner with time as the dead pool gets deeper with time. I am suspicious of any theory that ignores the ever increasing dead pool of energy implied by the second law. A universe than loses useable energy into a dead pool of energy cannot cycle or go forever.

The second law implies that our material BB universe has beeb leaking energy into an ever increasing dead pool of energy, due to the second law, since the day it went bang! Since this energy is conserved, it has energy value, but it is in a non fully reusable form relative to our universe. This affect is affect is connected to aging and time. This conserved dead energy allows the possibility of other uses. There may be a dead pool universe(s). 

For example, life formed on earth from scratch, a billion or so years ago, by some unknown means. This process expressed increasing entropy; complexity, that may never repeat itself on earth in the same way. That entropy expression absorbed energy, so energy was lost into the dead pool; ghosts of the past. Since life built on this beginning, that past is both here and not here. It is part of the foundation of current life, but not in the same way as it was originally. The universe does not have the same juice now, as it once did.

The dead pool energy, has plenty of energy. but it may be in the form of information, from the past, that is detached from the matter and energy of now. Our ancestors increased entropy and added to the dead pool. We cannot go to their past to retrieve their dead pool energy, any more that we can conjure up an old ancestor. But the energy lives on, via a form of memory since this energy is still conserved as an entropic state variable.

If we take the second law to the limit, all the live energy of the universe will be part of the dead pool. This would be a state of maximum entropy to express the dead pool energy. This energy as entropy would be composed of memories from all time; entropic states. What would need to happen to form a new material universe; new BB, would be to lower the entropy, to release dead pool energy for another material universe. 

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New Theories / Re: Speculating: Is everything an universe of itself?

« on: 26/09/2020 11:59:35 »

Our universe started with small things such as sub particles. These tiniest of things combined to form larger things, which became too large to be expressed at the smallest level. Each level has has its own properties.

This particle scaling continued into chemistry which is more or less the platform for the rest of the scaling. There we have planets, mountains, oceans and then life. Life itself scaled from single then to multicellular. All these levels of scaling occur by means of the attractive forces and an increase of entropy.

The most advanced or highest levels of scaling contain all the previous levels down to the sub particles. However, the loss of free energy; enthalpy and entropy, at each level of scaling, makes the lower levels more stable and tame. This focuses the scaling at the higher levels, so they can further evolve in a way that is appropriate to its own level of scale. 

In a sense, each level of scale is its own universe, due to its properties being more or less self contained at that scale. The highest level of scale, encompass all the rest, down to the smallest, with the smallest less dominate to the overall affect. It is like nesting dolls.

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New Theories / Re: Controversial ideas on DNA... any thoughts?

« on: 27/08/2020 11:47:29 »

Back in the 1950's an controversial observation was made in biology. It was discovered that proteins fold with exact folds. This was controversial then and even now because this observation was not anticipated by the statistical modeling of cells that had grown popular. The statistical models, then and now, assumed proteins should fold with average folds due to thermal vibrations and other randomization affects. It is almost 70 years later and there is still no good statistical explanation for this, even though it is a well established experimental fact. Something is still missing from the status quo explanations of life, which often raises questions in the minds of young scientists.

The explanation, which is still not mainstream, as evident by the DNA never shown with water in textbooks, is connected to water. The cellular water, in an attempt to lower its potential, is forcing the protein to assume minimal energy states, which make them ideal surface for the dynamics of catalysis; CPU. The CPU of the cell, is not into dice, but has a logical plan based on free energy, with evolution part of this plan.

Below is what is referred to as free energy landscape diagrams. This diagram show two states of a protein in water.

Image b represents a protein hot off the press, that has been synthesized. It is random in many sense. Image A shows the same protein after water packs it to minimize the free energy of the protein-water cooperative.

The hills and peaks in image b represent the various organic rich side groups that create the most potential in water; surface tension. These are packed first; core of the protein and thereby shielded  from the water, since the packing of these highest energy will minimize free energy the fastest.

Image A reflects the perfectly packed protein with a surface that is favorable to water; CPU. Water tries to do this everywhere with each type of protein and material having a different optimized potential. This sets priority and helps to establish the protein grid of the cell. The DNA is at lowest potential with the water. As the cell interacts with the environment and reduced materials enter; food, the global water potential increases, which increases the potential at the water and DNA hard drive. This gets the DNA into the game with its response tailored to the global and local CPU.

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New Theories / Re: Controversial ideas on DNA... any thoughts?

« on: 24/08/2020 13:39:23 »

The CPU of the cell is actually the interface between the water, protein grid and the DNA hard drive. Pure water will form a complex network of water-water hydrogen bonding that is very stable. This allows a small molecule like water to have an unusually high melting and boiling point. This is considered an anomaly of nature since it is very unique. Ammonia can form hydrogen bonds but boils at a much lower temperature more in tune with its size.

When we add the organics of life to the water to form cells, there is surface tension created; water and oil affect, which alters the hydrogen bonding grid of water and increases its potential. Water wants to get back to the stability of the pure state, while the organics by being covalently bonded, are very persistent. The compromise is a dynamic state of enzyme synthesis, metabolism and recycle that reflects the lingering potential between the protein grid, the DNA hard drive and the water. This is the CPU, with the water able to conduct information locally and globally through its hydrogen bonding grid.

Say we take out the old DNA hard drive from a cell and replace it with another. The water will surround the new hard drive and define a unique DNA-water potential distribution. This needs to align with the protein-water grid or else the cell will not be able to coordinate its global efforts.

When sperm fertilize an egg, the extra added male DNA alters the CPU potential near the DNA. The CPU will attempt to form a global equilibrium which results in cellular proliferation.

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New Theories / Re: How Can We Time Travel into the Past?

« on: 02/06/2020 12:41:40 »

The second law states that the entropy of the universe has to increase. This is why there is not perpetual motion. There is no such thing as perpetual motion, since although energy is conserved over time, entropy will increase over time. If we used a machine to go back into time, since it is not 100% efficient, we will add entropy to the past. This will change the past.

Entropy is a state variable, meaning for any given state of matter the entropy will be a fixed value.  Water at 25C and 1 atmosphere has a very specific measured entropy that is always the same for this state. Entropy has a connection to the facades of matter; state.

If we were to go to the past we add, at the very least, machine entropy. We would change the state or facade of the past to reflect the entropy increase that we have added. In essence this is not really the past, but a different past, that may not lead to our present. You may never be born in the present, since you would have already lived in the past. It never happened.

If your time machine was still working in the altered past, and you decide to go back to the present, you will add entropy to the present, when your arrive. Now the present is not the same since a new state will appear. It would still be interesting, but not what you might expect. You would need special training to be prepared for anything.

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New Theories / Re: If there was one Big Bang event, why not multiple big bangs?

« on: 14/03/2020 12:17:18 »

Is there anyone who understands the "third wave" concept? You have to think of everything in space {the infinite space that makes up the infinite and eternal universe) in terms of energy, and energy in space takes the form of waves that travel through space from a point of origin. Points of origin are points where pre-existing energy waves converge. Wave convergences produce the third waves, and every wave is continually in the process of convergences. Can you make any sense out of that idea?

MY guess is this has to do with wave addition. If we have two waves they will add as a third wave. Wave 1 plus Wave 2 equals Wave A.



As implied by the second scenario; wave B, if the early universe was initially composed of equal and opposite waves, where all the wave pairs cancel, although there would be a lot of energy present, it would not be visible; hidden energy.

One would need to add a partition in the stillness, to make the hidden energy reappear. A partition, such as matter, will disrupt the wave addition causing crests and troughs to appear, one on each side of the partition. The crest on one side and the trough on the other  will create a potential across the partition, The partition will move from high to lower energy wave pressure. As its moves the crest and trough reverse; vibration.

Conceptually we could generate endless energy by simply creating a suitable partition within zero point energy. The wavelength of this energy will determine the opacity needs of the partition or else the wave addition will pass right through

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New Theories / Re: What exactly is gravity?

« on: 28/01/2020 13:58:49 »

Friends,

It is true that science developed a lot.  We know several things and we are able to carry out research in space and we are sending rockets to other planets. 

I think there is every need to revise the present existing theories.  I don't think it is so good, going by ants perception,  trampoline  analogy.  Ok, they may be correct, let us discuss to have "What exactly is gravity".

Yours
Psreddy

Gravity appears to be governed by two sets of principles, at the same time; Einstein and Newtonian. In terms of Einstein and General Relativity, as mass accumulates, space-time curves and contracts. Time slows and distances contract in space-time. The black hole, for example, has distance contracted to a point and time has essentially stopped.

In terms of Newtonian, gravity induces weight and pressure. As the weight and pressures increase distances between materials get smaller, in parallel to GR. However, the time variable in the Newtonian aspect speeds up instead of slows. This is evident in matter vibrations and transitional states and the frequency of energy output. In the sun, for example, the core pressure causes nuclear fusion and transitions, with the release of high frequency energy.  This result is the time element in the Newtonian and Einstein each go in opposite directions.

There are two distinct time aspects with respect to gravity.  This makes sense since gravity is a force, while acceleration due to the gravitational force, has the units of d/t/t or one part distance and two parts time.

In terms of an application, a black hole will have space-time contracted to near a point-instant. This is the Einstein leg. The Newtonian leg is connected to the compressed matter and energy transitions close to zero time or extreme frequency  In other words, the black hole should be internally generating exotic particle states similar to early universe. This is unexplored by science, since they do not seem to understand that gravity displays two opposite time vectors.

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Cells, Microbes & Viruses / Re: How are blood cells used as stem cells for cardiac repair?

« on: 16/05/2018 12:07:40 »

White blood cells contain our entire human DNA.  At the same time, they are self sufficient. In that sense, they are what we would be, if humans were a single cell organism.

This may be an inexpensive way to send people deep into space; small payload. Once they reach the final location, you  use the to grow full sizes versions go humans, or for growing spare parts.

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Just Chat! / Re: Re: What was the first form of written language?

« on: 24/02/2018 13:08:08 »

Adam and Eve had two sons, Abel and Cain. This symbolism gives further insight into the dawn of modern human consciousness as it is transmitted to the next generation. Abel was a herder of animals and Cain was the tiller of the soil. Cain becomes jealous of Abel and kills him. When Cain kills Abel, this symbolism is about farming superseding herding; civilization begins. There are other subtle insights.

In terms of math and written language skills, these were far more intensive in farming, compared to herding. Herding was around even before written language. Farming was a new invention and was more complicated, requiring more math and procedural interaction. Math was needed for spacing crops, buying seeds, collecting products from each plant, the amount of water needed per row, manpower for harvesting, the timing of planting, processing materials to make flour, calculate loss, set price, give to the Gods, etc.,

The net affect was Cain, was far more involved with written language, than Abel, because of farming. Cain had become more repressed and impulsive, due to the dual memory storage of business and social law; sales and deeds. His jealousy was a calculation of value, with his impulse to act, a way to even the score; neutralize the divide. This impulse was from the repressed dark side of law. 

Abel who was favored by God, was far less repressed, since he followed the age old traditions of the pre-humans, which could be accomplished with only spoken language. The symbolism of Cain and Abel suggests  that the change in consciousness, that had occurred in Adam and Eve, was not transmitted biologically, to Cain or Abel. Rather it was a product of learning, free will and choice. Cain was born natural.

This is consistent with the warning to Adam and Eve, if you eat of the tree of knowledge of good and evil; learn the written law, you shall die; you will lose your instincts. Cain, by the necessity of his occupation, needed to eat of the tree of knowledge. Cain loses his instinctive connection. One can see a similar affect, even in modern times, where different siblings have different political views of civil right and wrong. They may become distant and can lose their instincts for each other, as family. Abel's brain was not consciously wired for jealousy, which is why he had favor with God.

Cain's crime is discovered by God and Cain is sent away. When Cain gets his punishment, he becomes afraid and complains to God, whomever shall come upon him, shall kill him. So God gives him a sign for protection.

The question becomes, who are these whomever, if Adam and Eve are the first two humans and Cain is now the only son? Cain's fear suggests that there are other humans out there, whom he fears will get even with him for killing Abel; the other herders.

These others, were the pre-humans, evolving slowly by DNA as science suggests. They had not yet eaten of the written language of law. They were still natural and a continuation of the old ways of instinctive humans. The story of Adam and Eve is not about the biological evolution of humans. The beginning of Adam and Eve, is anything by normal biology. It was about the evolution of new type of man, who will stemmed from natural man. The change was based on learning, which would alter the mind and brain, so free will appears.

God gives Cain a sign for protection. Cain's fear was actually a projection. Cain was aware of right and wrong, due his knowledge of the written law. He felt self conscious of his actions due to his guilt. Guilt is taught by the law. Natural man; whom he felt would kill him, were still morally neutral, since they had yet to learn written law. They lived in harmony with nature in the outskirts, outside the settlement.

The sign given by God, was more to make Cain feel comfortable, so he would stop projecting his guilt to those, who do not judge right and wrong. Brothers fight and accidents happen. In tradition, Cain marries and he has children. His prodigy would play key roles helping to form some of the adjacent civilizations; This symbolism suggests that Cain taught his prehuman children, the new invention, in a more practical way. Cain learned his lesson.

Adam and Eve, then have a third son, Seth. Seth symbolized a better balance being struck between the needs of natural instinct and the needs of the modern human required for civilization. Cain and Abel were polarized; all or nothing. The polarization of Cain and Abel, suggests that Abel was much closer to Eve, and Cain much closer to Adam.  Eve was stressing natural instinct for her son, Abel, in response to her own guilt for willpower and choice. Cain learns from Adam, the ways of math, science and written invention. However, Cain is not close enough to God, to be on guard of the pitfalls. He is young and has to learn the hard way. After losing their two children, Seth becomes the son that both Adam and Eve will love, with Seth taught to strike a balance. The symbolism shows humans learning from mistakes how  find the sweet spot between willpower and instinct; secular and religion.

Sacrifices to the gods were a way to humble the ego and cut it down to size. The ego has plans and fears, so having to throw value away into the fire, messes with the ego. The ego see its things as an extension of itself. However, this is the way back to instinct. Instinct does not such plans or fears, but has trust in in nature to provide as it has done for eons of time. The rest of Genesis is about the pendulum swinging too far to willower and repression, where unnatural choices are made, compelled by Satan; subroutine stemming from collective laws.

In modern times, the left likes to male laws. In the US the left adds written law at a very high rate. If law causes the polarization of memory, instinctive repression, and unconscious compulsion from the dark side, one would expect the left to be more impulsive and more unnatural. Turning boys into girls is not natural. This is based on law and willpower and will not happen naturally. Humans should be reducing law to reduce the repression and compulsion, aiming for a smaller set of objective laws.

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Just Chat! / Re: Re: What was the first form of written language?

« on: 23/02/2018 12:48:56 »

The tree of knowledge of good and evil, is symbolically connected to a special aspect of written language; law. Law specifies and divides behavior into what is socially acceptable and what is not acceptable; good and evil. It also specifics the rewards and consequences; reward for conformity and punishment for violation. Like a tree, law begins with a basic premise; we need clean water. It then branches out from this trunk as new conditions appear and new violations become manifest. The tax law may have begun with a single page, and is now a giant red wood tree with 70,000 pages all connected to a revenue trunk.

Natural instinct is morally neutral. Before written language, law was moldable, since it was not carved into stone. Law would be subject to misunderstanding, debate, forgetfulness and then forgotten, due to the inertia of instinct. Once the main pusher of a law, died, so might the law, in its old form. Once law was written down, and cast into stone for all to see, a repression of natural instinct would start to occur. Without written language ,the IRS tax code would never have gotten larger than a few pages of oral text due to the limits of memory. This was better for instinct while also allowing a modern system of organics rules to appear.

When memory is created, in general terms, an emotional tag is added to the sensory input, by the hypocampus. The hypocampus is a small region in the center of the brain connected to limbic system. The limbic system helps regulate emotions. The result is our oldest and strongest memories will have a strong emotional valance, due to this writing process.

Written law is unique with respect to the memory writing process, because law is binary and needs to be defined by the brain as two opposing emotions at the same time. Law tells us the good path that brings the feelings of satisfaction and peace. It also defines the bad path which brings the feelings of wrath, fear and pain. The net effect is the hypocampus divides law memories into two opposing emotional states, and stores each in different places. If law was stored as one averaging conflicting emotion, it would be hard to differentiate right and wrong; morally neutral. 

As an example, try to remember your favorite gal (guy) and your least favorite gal (guy) from dating years. Next, picture if your least favorite was also your most favorite. This paradox; was the best of times and worse of times, plays with the mind, differently.  Your mind would be trying to average the good with the bad; back to neutral. Before written language this was the end game for law; by the mind; neutral, due to neutral instinct. After written language, distinctions became clear and lasting, which was not natural.

The symbolism of the tree of knowledge, contains the serpent, Satan. A snake is phallic symbol; male creative principle,  and is also an animal that hugs the earth. Satan the snake symbolizes impulses of instinct; male is the dynamic principle. The conscious mind can only focus on one of the two aspects of law, at a time. Using the gal or guy example, say that person was both the best and the worse, we will remember the best times or the worse of times. It is not normal to superimpose the best and worse and remember the person that conflicting way. For example, she had the nicest smile, as she hit you on the head with an ashtray. If you remembered that way it would not be good for survival or good for enjoying beauty since each will extreme will be cancelled. The brain will separate this into two separate things to help keep each distinct.

Since law is divided into two memory locations and the conscious mind will try to think of one at a time, to maintain differentiation; left brain, the unconscious mind will take over the other side of law memory. Satan symbolizes the counter point of the unconscious mind, when mixed feelings become divided into two separated memory stacks. The result is the dark side of law, can take on a type of autonomy; Satan, as we consciously try to do good. Prohibition will create temptation due to the instinctive consolidation of the dark side of law.

In terms of a summary, a person learns the law, the brain divides this memory into two emotional places. The conscious mind will fixate on the good path to help maintain the needed distinctions for good social behavior. The bad side of the law is still part of the memory, but is now unconscious since we avoid evil. It also acts; one law, via repressed instinctive impulse. The temptation in an attempt to resolve the lack of neutrality. Written language was very useful for evolving modern consciousness; differentiate the universe. 

Adam and Eve, were trying to do good, but the repression of instinct and the unconscious autonomy of the dark side of law; part of one law, caused their dark side to act; temptation, in an attempt to restored instinctive neutrality, But writing made this impossible. Paradise is lost and a wall appears connected to law.

Tree of life is different. Life is morally neutral. It acts based on the laws of science, which are not dividing into good and evil, but rather divided based on cause and affect. The electron is not evil and the proton is not good. Both are part of the same atom which allows chemistry to appear. Merging cause with affect, does not change the emotions with respecting to keeping each separate. Moral and civil law created a  wall with objectivity. If Adam and Eve had also eating of the tree of tree, moral law would have been created that was very objective and scientific, which would made it last forever; bad for natural instinct. Instead the wall appears until law evolves to objectivity, while also allowing natural instinct. Even today law is not quite there, so paradise; natural  instinct, is closed or out of phase.

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Just Chat! / Re: Re: What was the first form of written language?

« on: 20/02/2018 12:37:09 »

To symbolically extrapolate on the Creationist parallel to the invention of written language; one set of claims in Creationism is that Adam was made from the dust of the earth in the image of God. The dust of the earth is symbolic and attempts to express an analogy.

The ancient people were well aware of sex and reproduction; herding and breeding. The claim of Adam's formation from dust implies he was not a product by normal biological process, based on sex and DNA. Rather his rebirth was different. It was based on a type of repression, not hard wired into the DNA, nor transmitted by sex.

The dust of the earth is a boundless measure; like neurons. Earth is symbolic of instinct; repression of instinct. In the image of God, is about spirit and not about matter and cells and DNA. The entire symbolism is connected to an information or neural based transformation, instead of a physical one. The human imagination is not bound to the parameters of physical reality, but is limitless like the dust of the earth; neural connections. 

Adam is lonely in the garden, and Eve is made from Adam's ribs to be his helpmate. The invention of writing and the transformation of the personality that would result, relative to instinctive man, would isolate you, especially if you were the first and only person. You would become changed and would be out of phase with everyone, who is still connected to instinct; paradise.

Our ribs protect the heart/lungs The symbolism of Eve made from Adam's rib, is symbolic of empathy from Eve, who instinctively protects Adam's heart, in his fragile state via her love and maternal instincts. Being so close to Adam; protects his heart with positive reinforcement and love, she learns from Adam and she becomes symbolically transformed in spirit; apprenticeship of the mind.

The initial return to paradise for the young couple, seems to indicate that Eve helps Adam's overcome his repression, restoring his instincts. However, at the same time, Adam continues his work on the invention, which transforms Eve; both eventually lose instinctive paradise; self awareness.

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Just Chat! / Re: What was the first form of written language?

« on: 17/02/2018 12:08:47 »

https://sites.utexas.edu/dsb/tokens/the-evolution-of-writing/

the Mesopotamian cuneiform script, invented in Sumer, present-day Iraq, c. 3200 BC, can be traced without any discontinuity over a period of 10,000 years, from a prehistoric antecedent to the present-day alphabet. Its evolution is divided into four phases: (a) clay tokens representing units of goods were used for accounting (8000–3500 BC); (b) the three dimensional tokens were transformed into two-dimensional pictographic signs, and like the former tokens, the pictographic script served exclusively for accounting (3500–3000 BC); (c) phonetic signs, introduced to transcribe the name of individuals, marked the turning point when writing started emulating spoken language and, as a result, became applicable to all fields of human experience (3000–1500 BC); (d) with two dozen letters, each standing for a single sound of voice, the alphabet perfected the rendition of speech. After ideography, logographs and syllabaries, the alphabet represents a further segmentation of meaning.

An interesting observation is connected to the time parallel between the Creationist's view of the age of the universe and the evolution of written language; about 6000 years ago. This suggest that the invention of written language, had an impact on the human psyche, which changed humanity. "In the beginning was word and word was God." God may have been the first written name, inspired by the gods; unconscious mind. A name brings one into focus.

The importance of written language, with respect to differentiating modern human consciousness, can be seen with a simple example, Say you went to college, but there was no written language. You can't take notes, the teacher can lecture, but without projectors and textbooks. There are no written exams. It would not be easy to learn the same material, if we had no written language.

The main problem this would create is the members of the class may not agree on what was said and taught, since all has to be done by recollection. There is no record, and we all need to depend on our memory, which if you day dream or  doze off, will be blank. There is no easy way to get together and agree. The result will be the mighty and the confidence men will become the source of information, for the rest of the students. The mighty can back up his opinion with a fist and the confidence man sounds convincing; fake news. The result will be inner doubt or obsession, and a rapid loss of the memory. People will return to an instinctive routine, unless there is a one on one apprenticeship. 

Once a system of writing is in place, if the mind starts to doubt and forget and return to instinct, there is a way to refresh the memory in a consistent way for all, that is in contradiction to the inertia of instinct. The invention of writing caused a   type of instinctive repression. 

In other words, what was known in 3000 BC, was not the final reality, It was some of the first baby steps. To force the brain to remember that, which is not eternal or universal, like instinct, is repressive even of popular. The mind will want to extrapolate, but it is carved in stone and sacred; repeat. As the brain becomes dammed, neural energy is available that induces a secondary center of consciousness associated with choice and willpower.

Currently, the consensus of opinion believes you need language to think. This is true but only for the secondary center of consciousness. The primary or the original instinctive center got along for hundreds of thousands of years without it.  In tradition, Adam was good at math and sciences, with commerce math the originator of written language.

Hypothetically, say you were the firs to invent written language. You practiced these skill for years, before everyone else has any need or curiosity. Your brain would shift to a new place; fixed structured memory. 

This is similar to modern times and the invention of the internet. As we practice this invention it detaches people from using their sensory systems, in a natural way, thereby atrophying natural skills. A new social person appears.

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Chemistry / Re: How can pH be adjusted by using CaCO3 - calcium carbonate?

« on: 16/02/2018 11:20:33 »

What other simple chemical experiments are there used to alter pH of grapes?

CaCO3 or limestone will work. Make sure to grind the CaCO3 to a powder so it can work faster. You can also use over the counter antacids containing sodium bicarbonate. However, if you are making wine, the yeast win't perform properly when the pH level gets too high.

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Physiology & Medicine / Re: Why does low-dose alcohol gives me headaches?

« on: 14/02/2018 12:15:06 »

For some reasons, drinking small amounts of alcohol always gives me headaches the morning after.

My body and brain doesn't seem to tolerate alcohol very well.

What is the best way to prevent and mitigate this issue?

During alcohol distillation, not only is ethyl alcohol produced, but other unwanted side products are also produced due to the heat of distillation. Alcohol distillation can also produce ethyl ether, as well as something called fusel oils.

The higher end spirits; top shelf, tend to compensate better for these by-products. This can be done during distillation; take off the by-products as sides streams, via multiple distillations,  as well as through aging. The fusels oils, in particular, are often responsible for head aches.

Since you drink only small amounts, buy upper shelf booze, instead of inexpensive well brands. The higher and top shelf brands take the extra cleaning steps. But also before bed, drink a large glass of water. De-hydration is another cause for morning headache, since the body uses water to process the alcohol.

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General Science / Re: Is it possible to have a sphere with infinite radius?

« on: 11/02/2018 12:54:22 »

Mathematics is not religion. You do not have to take mathematics on faith. It is mathematics where proofs are found. Now go and prove a religion in the same way. You might as well punch smoke.

Actually there is one very fundamental mathematical operation that needs to be taken with faith. This is division by fractions. If I have one gallon of gas and divide that by 1/10, I get 10 gallons of gas.  This operation violates energy conservation since it adds gas out of nowhere. If this violation of energy conservation was valid, then the operation would need to be a magic trick, with a hidden compartment, so we can add the extra nine gallons, when nobody is paying attention.

Let me look at this closer; If I have one gallon of gas and divide it by 10, I separate that one gallon into 10 equal parts, each with 1/10 gallon. This can be done in reality and makes perfect sense. If I apply this division logic to the one gallon divided by an 1/10, I separate the one gallon into 1/10 equal parts, to get a new total of 10 gallons? How is that done and how does it avoid violating energy conservation? Could it be done in the lab? Would dividing a gallon of high and low octane gas by a 1/10 takes different amounts of energy? The operation is based on a procedure that needs faith and cannot be done in the lab. It will have the same success, as making God appear in the lab.

The Lorenz factor in Special Relativity uses this faith procedure. The procedure, itself, could create devotion. The real point I am making is convention does not always have to make sense, if we all go along.  Math does not have to reflect the limits of reality, if we all agree to ignore the shortcomings. Imagine if science required all math operators and assumptions run a tangible experiment, to show the operation, by itself, can be done in reality.

This is subtle, but this magic in math is useful and is needed to escape reality, into the world of human imagination so we can make synthetics and improve on nature. A sky scraper is not natural but is helped by math.

@petelamanaI found your post very interesting.

Which is more than can be said for puppy’s ramblings. He still hasn’t explained 1/8 of infinity, im tempted to move his posts to new theories rather than clogging up bandwidth here.

The concept of infinity was original defined, based on a universe perspective of a singular universe. To solve the problem at hand, I needed to change the limits of infinity,  to reflect the newer premises in science. I worked under the assumption there are multi-universes. These others universes, are not side-by-side, defining part of original infinity in our universe.  I assume they all overlap, in their own dimension, where each universe is unconscious of the others and therefore each can be used to define infinity, based on itself. Each universe is self absorbed, and sets conventions for infinity as though it is all there is; all it can see. We can't see the other universes, so each assumes they are the matrix by which infinity has it limits. Again, when our infinity convention was first cast into some, this applied to our own self absorbed universe.

The analogy that I saw is like layers in Photoshop. With layers in Photoshop, each layer can define an entire picture by itself. No layer is a fraction of a full picture, since all layers are the same size. These multi-universe layers are all stacked, each independent of the other. They can also be blended, so they all superimpose  in part,  or whole.

Since infinity in each layer is the limit convention, seen by each layer, a radius of infinity already extends to the limits in each layer. Therefore, it is not possible to define a sphere of diameter of 2r in any one layer, since that would mean double infinity, which is a contradiction in terms of the convention in each layer. The story should end there.

However, since I have many layers, with the inhabitants of each layers, self absorbed and assuming they can hold a full infinity, I can get a sphere of diameter 2r, by placing a fraction of the sphere; each fraction is of infinity size, in each layer. I we use eights spherical arc of radius infinity, one on each layer.

I would then take the layers, rotate each, and then blend all the layers, until what appears is the double infinity, contained in all the layers, but which looks like an infinite sphere of radium 1/2 infinity, in our layer. When you blend layers some things can be reinforced, and others can cancel, until we get the final sphere.

Photoshop layers can blend light/energy. Light/energy is the same stuff 99.999% of the observations of the universe are based on. This layer technique should work. If nature had natural blending layers, between others dimensions and our own, the light and energy signals would not just add or subtract, they can also multiply. What we would see, would not be what is there, in one self absorbed universe. It is a team effort. This is why we need the C ground stat, since this is the same in all universes.
 

16

Physics, Astronomy & Cosmology / Re: What would micro black-holes made at the large hadron collider (LHC) look like?

« on: 08/02/2018 13:37:57 »

A normal black hole forms under pressure.

I'm not being critical, but "forms" is present tense. Black holes are postulates of data gathered from observed phenomena light years away, and even then its a mathematical calculation. If our math is that good then "forms" is the right word.......and what is a "normal" black hole compared to an "abnormal" one given the observations of this term are based on the red shift effect and cosmic microwave background radiation rounded into this event without any elementary particle collider feature to be taken noted of in such experiments?

Black holes can theoretically form from collapsing stars or larger mass bodies. They can also theoretically be an ancient artifact of the original primordial atom singularity. There is nothing that says that the primordial atom singularity of the BB had to completely atomized all the way to sub particles. The primordial atom could have been an expansion that also allowed the formation of many ancient daughter black holes. Pressure would be needed for these daughter black hole  phases to remain.

The analogy would be say we had a huge neutron star that has enough mass to theoretically be equal to 100 smaller neutron stars. We rig this grand daddy neutron star to explode, but in a controlled way that allows it to break up into pieces. We try not to disrupt things too much so each piece can consolidate itself, to form daughter neutron stars. This break up is not perfect, so we also get a lot of debris in the process; lose part of the C to C- phase.

As the original mass density of the primordial atom lowers, by forming smaller neutrons stars and debris,  space-time expands and the pressure drops, even more. New phases appear, except in the blackhole areas, which maintain their nature.They move with space-time and the debris field.

If you were to sit in the middle of a daughter black hole, since the reference is very close to C and C-, as far as you are concerned, the primordial atom never appeared to do anything, since distances and time still appear so contracted. Distinction, as we know it, is only seen where space-time is much less contracted than C; space-time debris field.

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Physics, Astronomy & Cosmology / Re: What would micro black-holes made at the large hadron collider (LHC) look like?

« on: 08/02/2018 12:29:03 »

This is my opinion, as to not mislead anyone.

A normal black hole forms under extreme pressure. This extreme pressure is typically caused by the collapse of a large mass body. Pressure is the main operating variable. High energy or high temperature, without extreme pressure for containment, will not form a black hole. High energy, without extreme pressure containment, is an expansion. In terms of colliders, the target area fluffs out. If we could contain the target with pressure, so all the generated particles remain contained in the same volume, new phases will appear. For example, if we used a small exploding A-bomb as the target, to get extreme internal pressure containment, we would see new things.

Pressure causes matter to undergo various phase transitions, with the blackhole composed of an exotic matter/energy equilibrium, that is neither matter or energy. Energy can't escape a black hole since the line between matter and energy is blurred. Energy is not exactly energy and matter is not exactly matter, so GR treats both as matter.

A neutron star is composed of a matter phase, that is maybe a one or two steps away from a blackhole. If we were to see binary neutrons or neutron pairs, we know we are heading in the right direction. The stability of the neutron, in the neutron star, is pressure dependent. The neutron start did not collapse into exotic sub particles due to the extreme pressure containment.

At the energy/matter equilibrium point of the black hole, this phase is neither matter or energy, but is a hybrid phase at the C and C- transition. The black hole forms a state, initiated by GR related pressures, that approaches the time dilation and distance contraction of the speed of light. In other words, GR and SR overlap near C.  GR induced space-time contraction is the same as SR space-time contraction.

To better describe this state, say we start with an electron. We add energy and caused it to approach C, We use kinetic energy and SR. If we tried to make the electron reach C, this would theoretically require infinite energy. On the other hand, if upon approaching C-, the electron spontaneously converted to a photon of energy, then the amount of energy to reach C would be way less.

If go the other way, and we start with a photon of energy at C, and if we could somehow slow the photon to C-, it would not longer be energy but inertial. It would become a form of inertial matter, so close to C, it would have required infinite energy forms to get it there in the lab; infinite energy matter state. This is not possible, since this would violate energy conservation. You can't get infinite energy matter, from a finite energy photon, by simply slowing down to C- to get an inertial particle very close to C.

Energy conservation dictates the need for a new phase, where transitions between C and C- can occur, but without an infinite energy requirement in either direction. Since both directions are in equilibrium, the line is blurred between energy and matter, as both move between C= energy and C- = inertial. There is a small finite activation energy.

If we could induce a slight pressure drop, this phase will not be possible. The result is the infinite energy constraint would reappear; boom as GR becomes SR.

18

General Science / Re: How Dense Can Water Get? Can water under pressure become a solid?

« on: 28/01/2018 12:30:16 »

Water expands when it freezes into solid ice. This is why ice floats on liquid water. When we add pressure, we cause liquid water to contract, which can prevent the water from expanding into ice. Liquid water can exist down to about -55F by adding pressure because the pressure will not allow the water to expand into ice. At -55F the lack of expansion is compensated by the slow mobility of the water molecules, such that it no longer has the entropy of a liquid. A metastable solid can form.

This strange behavior is due to the unique properties of hydrogen bonding. Hydrogen bonding shows both covalent and polar character. As a polar bond, the EMF or electromagnetic force potential is lowered by the hydrogen bonds getting as close as possible; minimize charge potential. As a covalent bond, the hydrogen bond needs to expand, so the covalent bonding orbitals can overlap properly. Pressure keeps the hydrogen bonds from expanding, such that they remain more polar, unable to expand into the needed covalent orientations for ice.

This shift in hydrogen bonding between polar and covalent states is important to life. It allows high and low density water clusters to form in then continuous liquid water phase within life.  If the local water expands via a covalent dominate cluster, this can put the squeeze on a local enzyme, so it can't move property to function, If the cluster shifts more polar and thereby contracts, now the enzyme is loose and can react. Information moving through the water, via hydro bonding, has a physical consequence.

If we maintained pressure and continued to add heat,the heat will eventually cause the polar bonds to expand, allowing solid water to form at high temperatures and high pressures. If we continue to add temperature, eventually the hydrogen bonds start to break, such that the polar and covalent transition is moot. This water above its critical point. Hydrothermal water; above the critical point, is very corrosive to most minerals and grinds down organics to CO2.

If we continue to add even more temperature and pressure, water undergoes several additional phases changes into exotic phases. The first is superionic water, then ionic water, and then liquid metal water, and final solid metallic water, which has a density of about 3.5 grams/cc.

In metallic water, the oxygen atoms of water form the stationary matrix of the water metal. The hydrogen protons are able to move, similar to the way elections move in most metals. Along with the hydrogen protons, are mobile electrons. Metallic water is a metal composed of an oxygen matrix, that conducts electricity using a plasma of hydrogen protons and hydrogen atoms.

Metallic water can theoretically exist in the core of the earth. The conditions of the core are within the parameters of the metallic water phase. The hydrogen proton plasma current of liquid and metallic water would be very corrosive to the metallic iron in the core. The oxygen matrix can accommodate extra elections, with the plasma hydrogen fetching elections from the iron. The earth has large supply of natural internal energy, proportional to the amount of iron in the earth's core. The liquid and metallic water will attempt to amalgamate with the iron, with the hydrogen of metallic water putting irons elections into play. This is reflected in the slight negative charge of the oceans.

19

Physics, Astronomy & Cosmology / Re: Does water on another planet or moon indicate life?

« on: 21/01/2018 13:16:10 »

Water is key to life. The most important reason is, water forms a unique hydrogen bonding environment that is needed for life. Other molecules, like ammonia, can form hydrogen bonds, but only water molecules can form a vast 3-D continuum of four hydrogen bonds, allowing it to mimic carbon, but via secondary bonding.

Diamond, for example, is based on each carbon atom forming four covalent bonds with other carbon atoms, to form a vast 3-D continuum, Water sort of does the same thing, with its four hydrogen bonds. However, water has a few tricks up its sleeve, so this looser 3-D water structure is very adaptable to dissolved surfaces.

The dynamics of life is based on secondary bonds, like hydrogen bonding. For example, the primary covalent structure of DNA is a very sturdy molecular structure, This does not undergo change, except under strong conditions. The activity of the DNA is based on forming and breaking hydrogen bonds. The tetrahedral natural of the hydrogen bonds of water, in the aqueous continuum, allows water to mimic the surface of the primary covalent structure of DNA, and act as a proxy. Ammonia is not symmetrical with respect to hydrogen bonds such that its hydrogen bonding network is limited in scope.  You cannot dissolve DNA in ammonia and expect life, since the hydrogen bond network is not vest enough to communicate properly.

The second reason is water is at the bottom of the chemical energy well, with respect to most of the other proposed molecules for alternate life. In other words, if you burn ammonia, methane, alcohols, etc., water is one of the final products. Say you were to form life in ammonia, for the sake of argument, what prevents this life from evolving to where it can burn or metabolize it own solvent; ammonia, for energy. That solvent can be burned since is is not at minimum energy. If that life form found a way, it would burst into flames, and make water. Once life reaches water, it has reached the floor and stops trying to burnt itself.

Say hypothetically, that ammonia based life developed a fail safe so it did not spontaneously combust. The energy bandwidth, for ammonia based life, would always be much smaller than that of water based life, due to the water having the lowest energy floor. Water life would be more vigorous and could extract extra more energy from the same food, due to the higher energy potential between the water floor and all organic food materials. If formed side by side, life in water would have big selective advantages, due to its lowest energy floor.

The last key reason for water, which is critical to the formation of life, in the first place, can be seen with the analogy of water and oil. If you mix water and oil, instead of a randomization due to oil and water dissolving, you will get order, as the system forms two layers. Water's self hydrogen bonding environment is so vast and strong, that organics tend to be excluded and often need to segregate, resulting in a reverse of entropy, needed to the order within life.

Other solvents tend to dissolve organics. Ammonia is a good degreaser, which means it will discourage organic clustering and will attempt to dissolve and randomize/dissolve any organic structures that try to form. Water, on the other hand,  will self hydrogen bond and induce some organics to segregate and cluster into organelles and others, like lipids to cluster into membrane, allowing life to form.

The search for water, is about the search for the solvent with all the natural selective advantages needed for the fastest forming and most energy vigorous forms of life. We are looking for the A-team, that will not self combust by eating its own solvent in hard times.

Note: Hydrogen bonding is required for life. A much deeper reason is, hydrogen bonds are very unique in that these bonds show both covalent and polar characteristics. The DNA is covalently bonded together, while ions like sodium and potassium interact with polar interactions. Water, via its hydrogen bonds, can bridge this gap, since it can go both ways.

The binary nature of hydrogen bonds also allows water to communicate with anything in the cell, using the hydrogen bonding as a binary switch. The clustering structures of water can flip hydrogen bonding switches, in various sequences, between the two states. This type of binary communication, goes way beyond semi-conductor switches. This is not as simple as on-off, since each state of each binary switch has distinct physical values in terms of enthalpy, entropy and volume/pressure. What that means is information, is more than just data, it also has physical force and energy behind it.

For example, water clusters have been shown in the lab to have both high and low density configurations. This loosely analogous to going between liquid water and ice; contract and expand. Each state is based on the proportion of the hydrogen bonds; polar or covalent. The cluster stays stable, but can alter shape based on the distribution of polar or covalent switches.This means the cluster can get skinny or get fatter. These physics changes, to information, can muscle adjacent things, based on how the information received translates into the cluster. Not only is a pressure being exerted; plus or minus, but with that pressure comes changes in enthalpy and entropy, since each state of the binary is different. The water cluster can push or pull an enzyme, and then give or take away free energy, This is shown in the link below.

As an example, if you flipped the hydrogen bonding water switches to the covalent sides, all the water clusters in the cell will expand and the cell's water will gel. The cell gets very viscous. If we flip the switches the other way, all the clusters contract and the viscosity goes down and the cell is loose. This type of communication would be global, but it can also be induced locally; gel one gene.

http://www1.lsbu.ac.uk/water/images/cluster_equilibrium_2.gif

20

General Science / Re: Is recalling dreams linked to mental illness?

« on: 18/01/2018 13:15:50 »

Neural memory is different from computer memory. Neural memory is defined based on specific chemical potentials assigned to memory. Computer memory is defined by a human convention, based on a binary system of on-off semi-conductor switches.

For example, the recall of a neural memory of a car accident, can bring on stress, due to the emotional tagging. This memory recall generates more brain energy, than a memory of patting fuzzy bunnies. Computer memory of these two events are not much different in terms of computer energy level. A computer will not use more electrical power recalling the accident over the bunnies. However, the brain will use more power.

Dreams are sort of a way for the brain to redistribute its stored memory energy, to coincide with an optimized internal neutral set point. If the brain potential is too high, such as due to memory based repressions by the conscious mind,  there will be a redistribution of the potential, via memory, with the result being a dream. From this dream output, one can infer the original potential and the source of potential, if one is aware of the internal set point; reverse engineering the source of the dream. This is done in dream analysis.

As an analogy of the brain energy flow, say we had a stream that flows down the mountain. It has carved a path over eons. This os the natural brain. One day we place a dam in the stream. This will build up potential with a pool of water forming behind the dam.  Eventually, the water in the pool will get high enough to where a potential forms to find a way around or over the dam. It will overflow or detour the dam and meander down a new path, until hooks back up with the original stream. The intensity of the dream and its content is based on the potential cause by the dam and the meandering path through our memory needed to remove the potential.

In the olden days of the American Indians, the chief of a tribe would have special dreams that would become part of the tribes cultural identity. Since the chief are in charge of the group, the impact of group's behavior and its results, would impact the collective via formed habits, attitudes, and results. If this is off center, it can cause a collective repression or damming of the natural flow, for the entire tribe.  Since the chief carries the responsibility weight of the tribe, he may have a dream that lowers the potential. This dream is not just for him, but also for his group. Since old habits can be hard to  break, the dream of the chief may not solve the problem, in one sitting. However, it may serve as a conscious template; from the gods, to help identify the problem, as well as a possible solution to get his collective tribe back on the path back to nature.

In my experience, dreams are in layers. The most conscious layering of dreams are connected to the personal unconscious; personal memories and habits that form dams. This is due to willpower and choice. The next layer has to do with the cultural superego. This is connected to group think, which may not be optimized in terms of brain energy. Group behavior may create a need to feel part of the group, to remove one source of stress; collective censor, but this can create a personal problem. The last layer is connected to the collective unconscious, which is natural human propensity common to all humans. These type of dreams deal with the longest term cultural perturbations, that can extend over generations and even longer. Humans are no longer natural, and the brain remembers this, based on our DNA from the days of natural humans. It would be very difficult to remain natural in culture, since you would be odd and group pressure will force you to repress.

The title of this topic is, are dreams linked to mental illness. This concern would have the affect of maintaining the damming repressions, by making the natural brain solution, appear suspect. For example, if you look at the anti-Trump movement, there is a lot of anger and fear. The members are mad all the time while other are afraid of all types of scenarios. This is high potential memory damming caused by group think. It is deeper than the personal unconscious since it involves group dynamics; peer pressure and security. If you assume dreams are connected to mental illness there is no antidote to this mental poison, since the propaganda aims one layer below the personal unconscious, which is two layers below conscious. The opposite is actually true.

The result would be different if the group disagreement was based on logic, data and reason, since, like Mr Spock, this uses lower potential; rational calmness. But the propaganda induction induces the highest potential memory dams. This is not healthy for a human to sustain, day after day. However, the shackles of choice are connected to group dynamics which has it own sweet spot. The ideal culture works well fro the both the group and individual.