1

New Theories / Re: What exactly is gravity

« on: 23/02/2020 16:21:59 »

GG: The atom bomb on the moon is interesting. It seems to me that the lower gravitational field and the lack of an atmosphere will produce less harm locally to the moon. More of the energy will radiate outward into space.

That doesn't mean that the explosion contains less energy (which appears to be what Pasala is arguing).

No, potential energy stored within atom bomb never changes, whether it is on Earth or Moon or in space in between.  Total output mainly depends on energy density in the space time of the bomb.  As the density increases curvature increases, small amount of energy freed, pushes and charges the outside energy, resulting raise of radiation.

2

New Theories / Re: What exactly is gravity

« on: 23/02/2020 14:30:06 »

As per Einstein Space is no longer flat as assumed by Newton, it can be pulled, pushed and warped by matter.  Gravity is most accurately described by the general theory of relativity, which describes gravity not as a force, but as a consequence of the curvature of spacetime caused by the uneven distribution of mass.

“Matter tells spacetime how to curve and curved space time tells matter how to move”.  This is the core of Einstein General theory of relativity. Gravity is highest where space time is most curved and vanishes where space is flat.

In Einstein General theory of relativity, curvature of space time plays key role.  If we place mass anywhere in the universe, it will curve the space time around it.

Einstein Field Equation:

Gμν        =  Geometry of spacetime, Gravitational field
8πTμν    =   The source of curvature/gravity field, matter and energy density.

So,
Gμν        =  8πTμν   

Curvature of space time at a place is determined by the matter and energy density at that place.  Einstein has set certain parameters, the density, the momentum, mass/energy, which determine curvature at a place.

Ok, let us take our Earth.  It is a huge mass and it curved the space time around it.  In other words there is strong curvature/gravity against space time of Earth. 

So, we can equate this curvature/gravity with density of Energy.  Suppose, if there is no energy density at a particular place, space time turns out flat.   

But at present we are of the opinion that Sun energy is the only source to Earth and there is no potential energy. 

If there is no energy density in our solar system, how mass is curving the space time. 

It is true and known fact that there is strong Gravity against Earth and it is appearing before us and we are practically experiencing it.

In case, if our thinking is correct, no energy density, Gravity must be created or space time is curved by mass during day time, when Sun energy reaches us and must vanish or turn into flat during night time. 

This is not happening so, there is Gravity during night time also. 

Is our thinking wrong or Einstein wrong?. 

Important point on Curvature of Spacetime:

1.  As per Einstein if we place mass anywhere in the universe, it will curve the space time.  Ok, here in his equations, he equated Gravity field with energy density.  So, without potential energy at a place, no mass will curve the space time, in other words Gravity. 

2.  No mass will curve the space time in empty or flat space time. 

3.  Finally, all masses will curve space time, within specific area of solar system, where potential energy is pooled up.

4.  This is the reason, if an asteroid, making its journey, never stops, until it enters solar system. Energy density curves the space time and slows down its movement.  In case, if the asteroid is accelerating with lot of speed, slows down, crosses the solar system and makes its journey, till it reaches another solar system.

Gravity, equation with acceleration:

Einstein’s imagination gave birth to general relativity’s core idea as he gazed out his office window while he was supposed to be evaluating patents. “All of a sudden I was struck by a thought,” Einstein later said. “If a person falls freely, he will certainly not feel his own weight.”

01  Gravity on Earth is equated to 9.81 (m/s^2)
02  Earth is rotating 460 meters per second.

It is true that it is several times higher, however, how Gravity or curvature against Earth is intact.

Psreddy

3

New Theories / Re: What exactly is gravity

« on: 21/02/2020 10:58:21 »

Gravity appears to be governed by two sets of principles, at the same time; Einstein and Newtonian. In terms of Einstein and General Relativity, as mass accumulates, space-time curves and contracts. Time slows and distances contract in space-time. The black hole, for example, has distance contracted to a point and time has essentially stopped.

In terms of Newtonian, gravity induces weight and pressure. As the weight and pressures increase distances between materials get smaller, in parallel to GR. However, the time variable in the Newtonian aspect speeds up instead of slows. This is evident in matter vibrations and transitional states and the frequency of energy output. In the sun, for example, the core pressure causes nuclear fusion and transitions, with the release of high frequency energy.  This result is the time element in the Newtonian and Einstein each go in opposite directions.

Please see that no theory, Newton or Einstein tells you, this is "what exactly is gravity". 

Newton's inverse square law, applies, only when there is Gravity.  Earth and Moon attracts each other, only when there is Gravity.  How Gravity came into existence or method by which it is created, is ill defined or not at all touched. 

Einstein's curvature of space time comes into existence or start applying only when there is Gravity.   Einstein's general theory of relativity explains gravity as a distortion of spacetime caused by the presence of matter or energy. A massive object generates a gravitational field by warping the geometry of the surrounding spacetime.

It never tells you how a massive object generates gravitational field.  Suppose,  there is strong gravitational field on Earth, it must tells us, how this gravitational field was created and how Earth warps the spacetime.  Leaving aside other things, it must tell, how this invisible force came into existence.

But, either of them never gives you or defines, in exact terms, what exactly is gravity.

These theories only describes the effects of Gravity.   

Please try to understand the difference.

Psreddy 

4

New Theories / Re: What exactly is gravity

« on: 05/02/2020 14:39:47 »

Friends,

It is true that science developed a lot.  We know several things and we are able to carry out research in space and we are sending rockets to other planets. 

I think there is every need to revise the present existing theories.  I don't think it is so good, going by ants perception,  trampoline  analogy.  Ok, they may be correct, let us discuss to have "What exactly is gravity".

Yours
Psreddy

Gravity appears to be governed by two sets of principles, at the same time; Einstein and Newtonian. In terms of Einstein and General Relativity, as mass accumulates, space-time curves and contracts. Time slows and distances contract in space-time. The black hole, for example, has distance contracted to a point and time has essentially stopped.

In terms of Newtonian, gravity induces weight and pressure. As the weight and pressures increase distances between materials get smaller, in parallel to GR. However, the time variable in the Newtonian aspect speeds up instead of slows. This is evident in matter vibrations and transitional states and the frequency of energy output. In the sun, for example, the core pressure causes nuclear fusion and transitions, with the release of high frequency energy.  This result is the time element in the Newtonian and Einstein each go in opposite directions.

There are two distinct time aspects with respect to gravity.  This makes sense since gravity is a force, while acceleration due to the gravitational force, has the units of d/t/t or one part distance and two parts time.

In terms of an application, a black hole will have space-time contracted to near a point-instant. This is the Einstein leg. The Newtonian leg is connected to the compressed matter and energy transitions close to zero time or extreme frequency  In other words, the black hole should be internally generating exotic particle states similar to early universe. This is unexplored by science, since they do not seem to understand that gravity displays two opposite time vectors.

Actually, i had attempted to reconcile both the theories, but failed. 

It is surprise to see, why these theories ends at black holes. We are all living in a strong gravity field, but no theory in exact terms defines or tells you, this is what exactly is gravity.  We knew, Einstein theories are far advanced and are proved to a great extent, still for all practical applications we are using Newton theories. 

A curved space time is within our reach, living there, each and every second in its influence, but a black hole, an imaginary one.    But, event horizon or whether light escapes is a big topic, for that expansion or contraction of universe also goes long way.  It is not criticising.  Our technology is far limited and it is impossible for our rockets to reach black hole.  We don't know, how black holes came into existence,   or they generating exotic materials. 

EINSTEIN GEOMETRY:
                                                 Gμν = 8πTμν
On the left side of the equation is a tensor describing the geometry of spacetime — the gravitational field. On the right is the tensor describing the matter and energy density — the source of the gravitational field. The equation shows that spacetime geometry equals mass-energy density when adjusted with the proper units and numerical constants.

It tells us that Gravitational field is nothing but matter and energy density.  However we don't accept that there is huge potential energy stored on our Earth.  In other words, when we say that there is no stored energy on this Earth, Einstein curvature is also wrong.

Yours
Psreddy

5

New Theories / Re: What exactly is gravity

« on: 02/02/2020 17:38:26 »

Ok, let us keep aside time dilation and distance contraction, since these are all effects of Gravity.

As per Newton Gravity creates or causes weight and pressure and you have given best example of Sun.  Here core is responsible in creating pressure/force and thus nuclear fusion, release of huge energy. 

As per Einstein as mass accumulates, it curves the space time around it. 

A Black hole exhibits strong Gravity field whether this is due to compression of matter and energy or due to the curvature of space.  In all these cases, it is possible due to gravity field only.   There is strong Gravity field in the Sun’s core and also space time of the black hole

If a sheet of paper is bent, on one side it appears that it is due to pressure and on the other side appears as attraction. 
.   
So, here, we are all discussing Gravity’s impact, a force or a curvature.  How this curvature is created.  Without curvature, there is no gravity at all.  And in turn, without gravity there is no pressure or force.  So, these are all inter related to one another.  Matter curves the space time around it. And this curvature is the base for creation of gravity. Gravity in turn creates pressure/force on matter.

What Exactly is curvature:
During the time of Einstein, science developed a lot and thus predictions of Einstein are far superior.  Particle physics started playing key role.  Matter disturbing or curving the space around them drawn the attention of scientists.

“Gravity is most accurately described by the general theory of relativity which describes gravity not as a force, but as a consequence of the curvature of space time caused by the uneven distribution of mass”. 

Now we are sending satellites into space, they are curving the space time around them, but there is no Gravity.

I think time has come to rethink what exactly this curvature is. 
                                           Gμν = 8πTμν
On the left side of the equation is a tensor describing the geometry of spacetime — the gravitational field. On the right is the tensor describing the matter and energy density — the source of the gravitational field. The equation shows that spacetime geometry equals mass-energy density when adjusted with the proper units and numerical constants.

This is the same energy density, causing or curving space time around Earth.  To decide, curvature at a place, there are some parameters such as the density, the momentum, mass-energy... etc.   So, it is those parameters that determine 'how much space-time curvature' is around a body.  And one of the parameters is of course energy.


There is strong energy density in and around black holes.  Since gravity is matter blind, in turn it creates pressure/force against matter. 

Basic thing is, we are forgetting, how this energy density is created.  In a 2d space time no matter can curve the space time and thus it is flat.  So, even before, mass enters, there must be strong energy base.  When a huge mass is placed in space, since energy is of object oriented, it moves and  curves the space time around mass.

But we cannot take this as Gravity, since energy concentration in space is low.  Unless it is boosted, it simply fails to create pressure/force on objects.  It is true that Earth, apple, every object curves the space time around them.  Since Earth is a huge object, there is continuous flow of Energy.  A part of this, in and around apple bend towards apple and creates pressure and thus it comes down to Earth.

If the curvature alone is responsible for Gravity, our satellites must create Gravity and spin against their axis. 

Yours
Psreddy

6

New Theories / Re: What exactly is gravity

« on: 26/01/2020 13:22:44 »

WHAT EXACTLY IS GRAVITY:
Gravity, even today, a big puzzle.  Newton’s Inverse square law is very clear, for that it is being used in all important practical applications. He claimed that any two masses in the Universe, no matter where they were located or how far apart they were, would instantaneously attract one another via a mutual force known as gravity. The more massive each mass was, the greater the force, and farther away they were (squared), the lesser the force.
   
The concept of action-at-a-distance, intellectuals did not accept it, how objects located half-a-Universe away suddenly and instantly exert a force on one another?.  How could they interact from so far away without anything intervening to mediate it?.

At that time science was not so developed and the identification of existence of Gravity itself is far reaching.  Some of the doubts hanged in the mind of Newton also.

In the words of Newton:
“Gravity must be caused by an agent acting constantly according to certain laws; but whether this agent be material or immaterial, I have left to the consideration of my readers”.

Gravity is most accurately described by the general theory of relativity which describes gravity not as a force, but as a consequence of the curvature of spacetime caused by the uneven distribution of mass. 

As per Einstein Space is no longer flat as assumed by Newton, it can be pulled, pushed and warped by matter.  As per Einstein space is working like fabric.  Ok, but what exactly this fabric consists of and how this fabric came into existence.  As per Descartes Space is filled with matter.  Suppose if it is matter, space time cannot be pulled or pushed and mass cannot curve it.   

As per Einstein, curvature mainly depends on some of the parameters:
“Tμν is a mathematical object (a tensor to be precise) which describes material bodies. In that mathematical object, there are some parameters such as the density, the momentum, mass-energy... etc. So it is those parameters that determine 'how much space-time curvature' is around a body. And one of the parameters is of course energy. Therefore, energy do bend space-time”.

The Einstein Field Equation:
                                           Gμν = 8πTμν
On the left side of the equation is a tensor describing the geometry of spacetime — the gravitational field. On the right is the tensor describing the matter and energy density — the source of the gravitational field. The equation shows that spacetime geometry equals mass-energy density when adjusted with the proper units and numerical constants

So, space is filled with mass/energy.  Since mass is equated with energy, space is completely filled with energy.

If you want to calculate what the space time curvature at any point in space, General Relativity allows you to do it, but you need to know a few things. You need to know the locations, magnitudes, and distributions of all the masses in the Universe, just as Newton demanded. But you also need information about:
•   how those masses are moving and how they have moved over time,
•   how all other (non-mass) forms of energy are distributed,
•   how the object you’re observing/measuring from is moving in a changing gravitational field,
•   and how the spatial curvature is changing over time.
Only with those additional pieces of information can you compute how space is curved for you at a particular location in space and time.


Ok, let us see trampoline analogy. 
“Consider a very large trampoline with nothing on the trampoline pad and trampoline pad remains flat and parallel to the ground. Now place a heavy bowling ball at the center of the trampoline pad. The center of the pad will sag downward. If we assume the analogy that the trampoline pad represents space-time, and the bowling ball a gravitating object, then the sagging of the trampoline represents the curvature of space time under the influence of gravity”.

Here we are all concentrating on bowling ball, and the sagging of trampoline pad. Ok, it is one of the best examples that tells how matter curves space time.  But we are forgetting, what exactly this trampoline is and the thing by which it is made up of.  I am sure that space time fabric is not from nothing.  Suppose if it so, then matter cannot curve the space.  There is something, which is acting as space fabric.   It is of course, matter blind. 
In parameters set by Einstein, to measure how much curvature around a body, he is very much clear, it is the density, momentum of mass/energy that precisely decides curvature. 
Suppose if we place a satellite in the space.  There is huge potential energy and it moves towards the satellite and curves the space time around it.  This curvature once again depends on density of mass/energy within that area.

What is the source for this space fabric: 
Let us see our solar system, Sun is important source of energy and it is pumping huge energy.  This energy is spread up to our solar system only.  In between two solar systems, there is no any source of energy and thus it is empty.   

In our solar system space is completely filled with huge potential energy. A photon released from Sun never travels directly.  Space is not empty.  A photon freed, pushes existing photons, a chain action.  It follows first in, first out method.  There is a flow/transfer of energy and it continues.  In case, for any reason, if the Sun stops pumping energy, the photon released fails to push the chain and thus it weakens instantly. 


General relativity:
Einstein’s imagination gave birth to general relativity’s core idea as he gazed out his office window while he was supposed to be evaluating patents. “All of a sudden I was struck by a thought,” Einstein later said. “If a person falls freely, he will certainly not feel his own weight.”

This is great idea.  When the person is at the top of the building, there is Gravity.  When he comes down to the Earth there is Gravity.  In the middle, while falling freely, there is no Gravity at all.  There is something in the space which is causing Gravity, fails, while falling freely.

It is true that there is strong curvature against Earth.  This curvature once again depends on the distribution of mass/energy within that area.  So, in other words there is strong potential energy. 

As long as the person is in inertial position there is strong gravity.  Potential energy, gripped him by curving the space time around him.   When he accelerates downwards, slowly curvature weakens. In other words gravity weakens. 

01 It is true that Earth is spinning with lot of speed, still curvature is intact.
02 When Gravity is equated to acceleration, why it is not working in case of Earth.
03 For that almost all the planets are having Gravity and they are accelerating/spinning against their own axis.  Why Gravity is not equal to acceleration here.
04 If we place a satellite in the space, it curves the space around it.
05 It will not rotate against its axis, instead it will start rotating against gravity of Earth.
If the satellite start rotating against its axis, it will turn out as a full pledge planet.  But it must  have certain amount of shield/protection, otherwise, due to acceleration curvature weakens and it will start moving out.  Almost all the planets are having similar protection, otherwise curvature will be eroded.


EQUIVALENCE PRINCIPLE:
“In 1632, even before Newton published his now-famous work, Galileo Galilei wrote about the relative motion of objects familiar in his time: ships. If you are in a closed room on a ship sailing at a constant speed and the ride is perfectly smooth, objects behave as they would on land. There’s no physical experiment you could conduct to tell whether you’re moving or stationary (assuming you’re not peeking out of a porthole). is there any physical experiment you could do within the confines of your spaceship to tell whether you really were accelerating through space (assuming there were no windows to look out from), or if, instead, you were inside a spaceship stationary on the surface of Earth? Einstein said no—just as Galileo imagined the in distinguishability between a person inside a smooth-sailing ship (confined without windows) and a person on land, Einstein realised that the effects of acceleration and gravity were indistinguishable too”.

It is great observation, indeed, by Galileo. 
01  If you are in a closed room, sailing in a ship, one cannot tell, you are moving or stationary on land. 
02  If the space ship is accelerating through space, for the space ship, Gravity is equal to acceleration.
03 For the people within cabin, they may not be in a position to tell, whether they are accelerating through space or in inertial position on ground..
04  If Gravity is due to curvature alone, one’s the cabin is closed, Gravity must come down dramatically.  But it is not happening so.
05  So, Curvature/Gravity can be packed and moved.  There is Gravity within this atmosphere.
06   So, hereby we can conclude that Curvature which is nothing but Energy, is already present with lot of pressure, can be packed or moved.
08 If we create vacuum, space cabin, curvature is not lost.  By creating vacuum, we are removing air and particles there in.  But we cannot remove energy.  So energy still curves the space time. 
09 Suppose, if the space ship is in space, if we close the cabin of the space ship, as there is no Gravity, it packs the same. 

This is the reason, there is in distinguishability between a person inside a smooth sailing ship and one in inertial position on Earth.  The cabin of space ship is locked in a gravity field and the cabin is filled with potential energy, nothing but gravity.  For the space ship gravity is equal to acceleration.

But for the people inside the cabin, gravity is not equal to acceleration, but it is equal to windows

HOW GRAVITY WORKS:
 When the apple fell on the ground, Newton thought Earth is pulling things towards it.  As per Newton every mass in the universe attract every other mass and named this attraction as “Gravity”. 

By the dawn of 20th century, science developed a lot.  For Einstein, patent office thought, “free fall”, a game changer.   If a person dives from highest place, temporarily he will transform away from Gravity.  This is one of the important effects of gravity.  Einstein equated acceleration to Gravity. 

As per General theory of relativity, gravity is not a force, but as a consequence of the curvature of spacetime caused by the uneven distribution of mass/energy.  To decide, curvature at a place, there are some parameters such as the density, the momentum, mass-energy... etc.   So, it is those parameters that determine 'how much space-time curvature' is around a body.  And one of the parameters is of course energy. Therefore, energy do bend space-time. 

So, as per General relativity energy at a place decides curvature. Finally, it is the energy working as medium or agent. 
So, here there is strong potential energy stored on this Earth.   We are sending rockets to space.  Space time around them is also curved, but there is no Gravity.

Suppose if we say that there is huge potential energy stored on this Earth, there must be a source.  Sun is the important source, however there are limitations and it comes in day time only.  It is true that energy moves from high to low and thus unless there is protection, total energy moves away during night time.  But there is protection, which is not allowing energy entering our atmosphere to escape that much easily. 

Due to curvature, radiation is raising and water particles are raising against gravity.  Water particles are divided further and further and becomes so light that they move against gravity.  If the curvature increases, water particles are pushed to farther height.  These particles joins other particles, becomes heavier and start accelerating towards earth, creating pressure on energy.   

Gravity on any planet mainly depends on potential energy stored therein.  It is true that all the masses curves the space time around them.  However Gravity mainly depends on the strength of frame and potential energy stored there in. 

As long as the apple is in the tree, potential energy developed a strong curvature.  It is true that Gravity is matter blind.  There is strong curvature against Earth.  Both apple and Earth have their own curvatures.  Unless there is pressure/force both will remain in their places.  Space is exerting pressure/force against both of them.  However curvature of Earth and apple tug on each other and exerts opposite force.  Earth is a huge mass when compared to apple, there is flow of energy towards Earth, a part of which bents towards curvature of apple, creates pressure and pushes it towards Earth.

EFFECTS OF GRAVITY:
Extra-ordinary brain of Einstein wonderfully predicted some of the important effects of Gravity such as light bending, time dilation etc.

The Einstein Field Equation:
                                           Gμν = 8πTμν
On the left side of the equation is a tensor describing the geometry of space time — the gravitational field. On the right is the tensor describing the matter and energy density — the source of the gravitational field.
By this, we can conclude that there is huge potential energy stored on this Earth.  This potential energy had its influence on things done by us, research etc.

For that it is true that there is huge potential energy in our solar system also. But it is not created within short time.  Whatever energy being pumped by Sun, at present is just additional only.  Additional energy simply charges the existing energy and thus light. 

Even the curved space time is nothing but potential energy only.  There is huge potential energy on this Earth.  Sun energy entering our Earth’s space, is simply additional only and it charges existing energy and thus light.  On Moon, curved space time or Gravity is weak and in other words potential energy.  Additional energy is of the same, but potential energy is weak. 

Since energy density is high on Earth additional energy creates wonders.  In case, let us assume that there is no potential energy on Earth, if an atom bomb is exploded, additional energy generated thereby, moves out unabated, no lighting, waves.  Though additional energy, through atomic explosion is small, potential energy in the space time plays key role.

Even in the case of electric bulb, torch light, we are of the opinion that total energy is coming from the source.  But it is untrue.  Even before, switching on electric bulb, there is strong curvature against the space time of the bulb.  Small amount of energy, additional, released there from pushes the existing energy, in other words, charges it and thus light.  It is untrue to say that total energy is coming from source.

1) SOURCES OF ADDITIONAL ENERGY ON EARTH:
A) SUN:
Sun is one of the important sources of additional energy to Earth.  Sun energy is simply, not complete, and it is only additional only.  There is strong curvature against Earth’s space time, in other words energy density.  Sun energy entering our Earth’s space time, pushes existing energy, in other words charges it, resulting in light.

B) ATOMIC EXPLOSION:
Whatever appearing is deceptive.    Energy released due to atomic explosion is additional energy only.   As long as the atomic bomb is in original position, keeping so much energy how it is stable.   Total energy is coming out only after explosion.  If the space is empty, additional energy cannot do wonders.  Space time of the each and every atom is curved, in other words strong energy density.  When an atom is split and energy is released, it only pushes existing Potential energy.  Here speed of light, C2 has no role.  Yield of energy mainly depends on:
1)  Density of energy in the space time.
2)  Additional energy released there from.

B)  LIGHT:
If we switch on a torchlight, do total energy coming from the torch light.   What about the huge potential energy present in the space.   Energy coming or released from torch light is very, very small.  It pushes and charges existing energy, which is known as light.  Suppose if the space time is empty, additional energy moves out, no chance of charging and thus light.

Even in the case of electric bulb also, it is one of the important sources of additional energy.  Total energy is not coming from the bulb.  Here, the basic difference is, we are drawing electrons from the space time at one place and releasing them at another place, though balance is nil, it is also additional energy only.
C)   FIRE:
Fire is no more mysterious one.  It is also one of the important sources of additional energy.
 
WORKING OF SOLAR SYSTEM:
At present we are of the opinion that Gravity is keeping planets in order.  We have already discussed that space fabric is nothing but potential energy stored in the Solar System. 

How this potential energy is created and stored in the solar system.  Without this energy, space fabric is immaterial.  It is true that “Energy is neither created nor destroyed” it can only be modified into one form to other.  Each second energy generated by Sun is just additional only.  In fact Sun has no capacity to create this space fabric. 
The atmosphere of the Sun consists of 3 layers the photosphere, the chromosphere and the corona. Energy produced from Sun is transferred from the core through the successive layers.  I propose that these layers extend up to the end of Solar system and energy transfers from one layer to the other and each subsequent layer is weakest when compared to previous one.

Planets exist within these layers and no planet crosses or moves to other layer. 

Suppose if we place a satellite in the space.  Energy curves the space time around it and throws it into inertial position.  Energy within these layers are moving and it pushes it.   There is a flow of energy towards Earth and it drags the satellite towards Earth.  However energy flowing in the layer pushes it and it start going round the Earth continuously.   


Yours
Psreddy
.

7

New Theories / Re: What exactly is gravity

« on: 15/12/2019 08:07:03 »

"According to Einstein, your weight on earth is due to the fact that your body is traveling through warped spacetime”

Einstein did not say that. Nothing travels through spacetime (which is more something Minkowski said). An object has a worldline through spacetime, and weight is an artifact of a worldline that does not follow a geodesic, resulting in a locally curved (accelerated) line.

"Matter tells space how to curve, and curved space tells matter how to move".
Ok, let us think "what exactly is the medium" that is being curved by the mass and that tells mass to move.

8

New Theories / Re: What exactly is gravity

« on: 08/12/2019 16:46:08 »

If this is true, then:
"According to Einstein, your weight on earth is due to the fact that your body is traveling through warped spacetime”

Galileo Galilei wrote about the relative motion of objects familiar in his time:

"If you are in a closed room on a ship sailing at a constant speed and the ride is perfectly smooth, objects behave as they would on land. There’s no physical experiment you could conduct to tell whether you’re moving or stationary (assuming you’re not peeking out of a porthole). This is the core idea behind relativity, and is the same reason why we don’t feel our planet’s movement around the sun, or our solar system’s movement through the galaxy"
.
If our weight on Earth is due to the fact that our body is travelling through space time, then Galileo's "closed room" theory must be wrong.  In a closed room, you are not being exposed to space time directly.    But it is not happening so.

Here effects of acceleration and Gravity is different.

 
Yours
Psreddy

9

New Theories / Re: What exactly is gravity

« on: 10/11/2019 18:02:56 »

“This, in a nutshell, then, is the General Theory of Relativity, and its central premise is that the curvature of space-time is directly determined by the distribution of matter and energy contained within it. What complicates things, however, is that the distribution of matter and energy is in turn governed by the curvature of space, leading to a feedback loop and a lot of very complex mathematics. Thus, the presence of mass/energy determines the geometry of space, and the geometry of space determines the motion of mass/energy”.

Well, here I need not reiterate that curvature of space time is directly determined by the distribution of matter and energy.   So, curvature of space time is directly determined by the mass/energy.  Since,  mass is equated with energy, I would like to take energy only.  It is true that there is strong curvature against Earth. 

Naturally, in other words there is strong energy base on this Earth which I termed it as Potential Energy which is aiding curvature of space time.   

Gravitation is not an attractive force between masses, but a pressure force exerted by spacetime on closed volumes that tends to bring them closer to each other.

Well, it is proved that all closed volumes such as elementary particles Proton(s), neutron(s) and electron(s) pushes their surroundings and produces convex curvature of spacetime.  In fact, this curvature once again depends on availability of energy in the space.  In a 2d space time no elementary particle can curve the space time around them.

When a uranium-235 atom absorbs a neutron and fissions into two new atoms, it releases three new neutrons and some binding energy.  All the elementary particles that ever is released due to nuclear fission start curving space time around them.  This is of course an instant process. 

Sun is also producing most of its energy through nuclear fusion only.  Suppose in a particular time, ‘T1’ total energy produced/present in the solar system is ‘X’.  On the very next minute of ‘T1’ energy produced by Sun is just additional only.  It only maintaining existing energy base in the solar system.  Each time no energy base is created.  “Energy is neither created nor destroyed, it only transforms from one form to other”.  This additional energy, pushes existing energy and start moving out.

 Suppose, let us presume that if Sun suddenly stops producing additional energy or disappears, what happens.  Additional energy only creates pressure/force against existing energy and energy is having an important quality of moving from high to low.  When there is no pressure/force light weakens instantly and it never takes 8 minutes.  This is like electricity, whatever the distance may, if we switch off, light goes instantly. 

However energy spread in the solar system never disappears instantly.  Flow of energy from high to low continues and it takes lot of period.  Meanwhile mass continues to curve the space time.  As the additional energy is stopped, flow/movement of energy is stopped and thus rotation and revolution.  Slowly planets gets into inertial position.  In the outer region, energy weakens further and thus curvature and mass gains weight and start moving out. 

There is energy base on this Earth which is aiding curvature.  When an atom is split, elementary particles freed there from, curves space time around them.  As chain reaction continues, more particles and energy is released into space. All the elementary particles curves the space time and thus radiation increases.

Energy produced or released due to nuclear fission on Earth is just additional only.  Similarly as is done in Sun’s atmosphere, this additional energy on Earth due to nuclear fusion, creates pressure on existing  energy.

Yours
Psreddy

10

New Theories / Re: What exactly is gravity

« on: 12/10/2019 18:03:43 »

Quote from: pasala on 02/10/2019 15:35:08

    In case, let us assume that if cylindrical carnival “that accelerated motion” warps the space time.


The spin of an object can warp space-time (this is called frame dragging), but a non-spinning object will warp space-time as well.

"In space, it is possible to create "artificial gravity" by spinning your spacecraft or space station. When the station spins, centrifugal force acts to pull the inhabitants to the outside. This process could be used to simulate gravity. It wouldn't be exactly the same, though, because large Coriolis forces would also be present, and things would fall in curves instead of straight lines".

Well, it is surprise, how a space station, by spinning on its axis creates Gravity.

I think for this theory, cylindrical carnival ride example of Einstein is base:
 “To extend this further, let’s imagine a cylindrical carnival ride where you and your fellow passengers are pinned to the outer surface. The cylinder is rotated faster and faster until the acceleration eases and the movement stays constant. But even once the speed is constant, you still feel the accelerated motion—you feel yourself being pinned to the outer edge of the ride. cylindrical ride, that accelerated motion can warp space and time. It is here that Einstein connected the dots to suggest that gravity is the warping of space and time”.

First of all we have to remember that things on Earth are different, there is  strong Gravity. 

When a cylindrical carnival is rotated, the passengers are pinned to the edges.  Here we are forgetting one important point that:

“Gravity is equal to acceleration”.

For the person at the center, there is no acceleration at all.  Whereas the person at the edges travels full circumference.  As the carnival picks up, Gravity weakens.  The person, say ‘X’, is now gravity free.  Now he carries only original Mass weight and due to air and other forces, he will be moved to the edges and warped at the edges. 

The  relevance to the carnival ride example is Earth.  It is true that Earth is spinning against its axis with lot of speed.  So, Einstein might have thought that similarly things at the edges of the carnival are being warped.  But he forgot his own theory that “Gravity is equal to acceleration”.

If this is true:

“In 1632, even before Newton published his now-famous work, Galileo Galilei wrote about the relative motion of objects familiar in his time: ships. If you are in a closed room on a ship sailing at a constant speed and the ride is perfectly smooth, objects behave as they would on land. There’s no physical experiment you could conduct to tell whether you’re moving or stationary (assuming you’re not peeking out of a porthole). This is the core idea behind relativity, and is the same reason why we don’t feel our planet’s movement around the sun, or our solar system’s movement through the galaxy.

Is there any physical experiment you could do within the confines of your spaceship to tell whether you really were accelerating through space (assuming there were no windows to look out from), or if, instead, you were inside a spaceship stationary on the surface of Earth? Einstein said no—just as Galileo imagined the in distinguishability between a person inside a smooth-sailing ship (confined without windows) and a person on land, Einstein realised that the effects of acceleration and gravity were indistinguishable too”.

“This is called the equivalence principle”,

If the spinning alone is responsible for warping than Galileo’s idea must be wrong and if you are in a closed room of a ship, one must be free from Gravity.  But there is Gravity.  The person inside a closed room, if the ride is smooth will not be in a position to distinguish in between in a closed room and on Earth.

Einstein extended this to Spaceship.  If you are in a spaceship and if it is accelerating through space, you will not be in a position distinguish, on Earth to cabin of spaceship.

Basic idea is that, in distinguishability, closed room of a ship, cabin of space ship to Earth.  Things continued to be same. 

What this indistinguishability tells us, Gravity can be packed.  In a closed room of a ship Gravity is packed.  Inside the spaceship also Gravity is packed. 

The difference is that travelling from Gravity to Non-gravity area.  When the spaceship started accelerating through space, inside the spaceship gravity is packed.  When the spaceship reaches, non-gravity area, slowly gravity disappears.

Thing that is present on Earth is not there in space.  Even if you pack it, it is moving out. 

So, warped space time is present on the Earth.

This is of course not created due to spinning of Earth,. It is already created and present in the space surrounding Earth, which can be packed or moved. 

Suppose if it is on Moon, weak gravity and thus your spaceship can only pack weak gravity.

The space station or space craft is already in inertial position.  There is strong curvature against the space station.  But it is not being warped. 

If we rotate the space station or space craft, curvature weakens, mass gains weight.  Since gravity is equal to acceleration.

Yours
Psreddy

11

New Theories / Re: What exactly is gravity

« on: 02/10/2019 17:30:48 »

    Ok suppose that it is Earth’s matter then Moon is also having same matter only.  Why only Earth’s matter is warping and why not Moon.


The Moon is warping space-time.

Quote from: pasala on Today at 15:35:08

    Both Earth and Moon are spinning against their axis with almost similar speed.


No they aren't. The Earth spins much faster than the Moon does.

Quote from: pasala on Today at 15:35:08

    In case, let us assume that if cylindrical carnival “that accelerated motion” warps the space time.


The spin of an object can warp space-time (this is called frame dragging), but a non-spinning object will warp space-time as well.

Quote from: pasala on Today at 15:35:08

    If matter warps the space time, whatever size it may, it must warp similarly.


What does that mean, exactly?

I had used words probable or almost but not exact

12

New Theories / Re: What exactly is gravity

« on: 02/10/2019 17:27:17 »

Quote from: pasala on Today at 14:46:44

    that itself is the answer


Then what do you propose is the relationship between density and distance from the Sun? Eris is much further from the Sun than Neptune is (67.74 AU vs. 30.11 AU), yet it has a much higher density (2.52 g/cc vs.1.638 g/cc).

I thought that you are following me.

13

New Theories / Re: What exactly is gravity

« on: 02/10/2019 15:35:08 »

Collected from KipThorne’s lecture:
“Generalrelativity is Einstein’s law of gravity, his explanation of that fundamental force which holds us to the surface of the Earth. Gravity, Einstein asserted, is caused by a warping of space and time or, in a language we physicists prefer, by a warping of space time. The Earth’s matter produces the warpage, and that warpage in turn is manifest by gravity’s inward tug, toward the Earth’s center. The inward tug is not the only manifestation of space time warpage; the warpage is much richer than that. As we shall see, it curves space, it slows the flow of time, and it drags space into tornado-like motions—at least that is what Einstein’s general relativity predicts”

It’s a great speech indeed. 

However the basic question of “what exactly is warping” and how it is being done is still a big question. 

Ok suppose that it is Earth’s matter then Moon is also having same matter only.  Why only Earth’s matter is warping and why not Moon. 

In case, let us assume that if cylindrical carnival “that accelerated motion” warps the space time.  Both Earth and Moon are spinning against their axis with almost similar speed.

If matter warps the space time, whatever size it may, it must warp similarly.  Here it is not so correct to go “inverse square law”, which was almost ruled out by Einstein.

Science developed a lot, cylindrical carnival ride or matter are only limited arena, there is every need to expand our thinking to different other options.

Yours
Psreddy

14

New Theories / Re: What exactly is gravity

« on: 02/10/2019 14:46:44 »

In case if it is a gas giant, it is spread in a wide area and more particles are exposed to energy, resulting in curvature.  Though energy is weak particles gets into its grip.

So what you're saying is that it depends on the density of the planet, is that right?

that itself is the answer

15

New Theories / Re: What exactly is gravity

« on: 29/09/2019 17:59:21 »

Gravity:
“Einstein eventually identified the property of spacetime which is responsible for gravity as its curvature. Space and time in Einstein's universe are no longer flat (as implicitly assumed by Newton) but can pushed and pulled, stretched and warped by matter. Gravity feels strongest where spacetime is most curved, and it vanishes where spacetime is flat. This is the core of Einstein's theory of general relativity, which is often summed up in words as follows: "matter tells spacetime how to curve, and curved spacetime tells matter how to move". In the same way gravitation in Einstein's theory arises not as a force propagating through spacetime, but rather as a feature of spacetime itself. According to Einstein, your weight on earth is due to the fact that your body is traveling through warped spacetime”

As assumed by Einstein there is strong curvature against Earth.  But Gravity is different, it must be warped by space time. 

Well, of course there is strong curvature against Moon also.  But there is weak Gravity, because it is not warped by space time.  Why space time fails to warp things on Moon.  Moon is also rotating against its axis.  Things on the Moon are also travelling in warped space time only. 

In case if we feel that curvature of space time against Moon is weak then it will not be in inertial position.  Naturally it will gain weight and momentum.  So there is strong curvature against Moon also.

Basic difference is that it is not being warped by space time. 

“To extend this further, let’s imagine a cylindrical carnival ride where you and your fellow passengers are pinned to the outer surface. The cylinder is rotated faster and faster until the acceleration eases and the movement stays constant. But even once the speed is constant, you still feel the accelerated motion—you feel yourself being pinned to the outer edge of the ride. cylindrical ride, that accelerated motion can warp space and time. It is here that Einstein connected the dots to suggest that gravity is the warping of space and time”.

If we take cylindrical carnival ride, this experiment was done in a gravity field.  As the carnival accelerates, due to acceleration gravity comes down and you will be pinned to the outer edge.

Can we take this experiment for Earth.  If this is true, Moon is also rotating with lot of speed why space is not warping.   Here it is not comparing masses but warping of space time only. 

If the acceleration is the only reason, then both are spinning against their axis with almost similar speed.

Science developed a lot, there is every need to rethink cylindrical carnival example.

Energy in the space time curves the masses equally, whether it is Earth, Moon, Mars or Jupiter or any other mass equally.  It puts them in inertial position. 

As per Einstein, if cylindrical carnival example is true then both Earth and Moon must have similar gravity fields.

Yours
Psreddy

16

New Theories / Re: What exactly is gravity

« on: 28/09/2019 18:38:08 »

Mr Kryptid

I am sure that I had already answered your question. 

There is huge energy in our solar system and it is spread in the form of layers.    At present we have identified 3 layers only.  This is like rainbow where each color represent energy strength.

These energy layers extend even beyond our solar system.  It never extinguishes or disappears suddenly and weak layers extend beyond.  Here only dust particles exists. 

As we move into our outer region, energy strength in the layers start increasing.  Naturally this results in curvature of space time.

Each particle curves the space time around them.  Here there is no gravity.  We have to keep it in mind that curvature of space time is different.  If the particles are spread in wide area, each particle curves the space.  Naturally direct exposure of particles to energy increases. 

Though energy is weak particles are spread in wide area and due to curvature they are thrown into inertial position.   

Mass is the matter an object contains.  As the mass size increases matter contained therein also increases.  Direct exposure of particles to energy decreases.  As the size of mass increases, more energy pressure is needed.  Energy curves the space time of outer layer of the mass only. 

Here in the outer region, unless each and every particle gets into the grip of energy, it cannot be thrown into inertial position. 

Let us imagine that an asteroid entered into our solar system.  At the outer layer itself, there is resistance.  Energy try to curve the space time of the asteroid.   However curvature of space time mainly depends on the matter of the asteroid and speed with which it is travelling. 

In case if it is a gas giant, it is spread in a wide area and more particles are exposed to energy, resulting in curvature.  Though energy is weak particles gets into its grip.  In case if the asteroid is accelerating with lot of speed, it may cross outer region and can enter inner region.  As the curvature increases, radiation raises and gas giant start spreading to wide area.. 

Suppose if it is a 2d space time, it is empty.  There is no mass/energy distribution.  If there is no mass/energy distribution, it never curves the space time of the mass.  Mass gains weight and start moving.  Original weight of the any elementary particle can be assessed here only.

Here on Earth things are different.  Earth is a huge mass and it is already in inner region where energy is present with lot of pressure.  There is strong curvature against Earth.  In addition to this there is Gravity. 

Ok, there is an apple, since there is strong distribution of mass/energy it curves the space time of the apple and throws it into inertial position.  Gravity is nothing but warping of curved space time.  It is being done differently and I don’t want to go deep. 

First of all we have to remember one important point that curvature of space time is different to Gravity. Curvature only throw the mass into inertial position but it mainly depends on mass/energy distribution.

Yours
Psreddy

17

New Theories / Re: What exactly is gravity

« on: 28/09/2019 13:10:56 »

Gravitation is not an attractive force between masses, but a pressure force exerted by spacetime on closed volumes that tends to bring them closer to each other.

Ok, there is another thinking or possibility that these elementary particles are building blocks and are responsible for Curvature of space time which is not at all correct.

Well, it is true that curvature is different to Gravity.  I could not present the above idea in a better way.  I will try later.

18

New Theories / Re: What exactly is gravity

« on: 22/09/2019 18:55:26 »

“Einstein eventually identified the property of spacetime which is responsible for gravity as its curvature. Space and time in Einstein's universe are no longer flat (as implicitly assumed by Newton) but can pushed and pulled, stretched and warped by matter. Gravity feels strongest where spacetime is most curved, and it vanishes where spacetime is flat”.

Gravitation is not an attractive force between masses, but a pressure force exerted by spacetime on closed volumes that tends to bring them closer to each other.

Ok, there is another thinking or possibility that these elementary particles are building blocks and are responsible for Curvature of space time which is not at all correct.

It is true that Earth is a huge mass and space time around Earth is curved.  As per Einstein this is responsible for Gravity.

Well it is true and scientifically proved that all the closed volumes, such as elementary particles produces a convex curvature of space time. 

Suppose let us assume that an elementary particle curved the space time.  Isn’t it true that this elementary particle is already existing in a deformed or curved space. 

Basic question is:
01  Elementary particle exists in a deformed space time only.
02  It is also curving space time.
03  What exactly is the relationship in between these two curvatures.
04  Can we say that both are different.

This is the important point that bothers my mind.  Well, of course any curvature mainly depends on the distribution of mass/energy.  Since mass is equated with energy, let us assume as energy only.

Ok, it is true that there is strong curvature against Earth.  I feel that curvature of Earth is strongly influencing each and every particle. 

Curving the space time by an elementary particle in a curved path to non-curved is different.  This is like, if we are in a big water body, at the surface we will differently when compared to a deep place.  As we move deep, pressure exerted by water increases.

In case if an elementary particle exist in a non-curved paths, do it, curve the space time similarly or differently.

If this is explored properly scientific revolutions will come out.

Yours
Psreddy

19

New Theories / Re: What exactly is gravity

« on: 22/09/2019 15:56:26 »

Mr Kryptid
As per Einstein Math:
"This, in a nutshell, then, is the General Theory of Relativity, and its central premise is that the curvature of space-time is directly determined by the distribution of matter and energy contained within it. What complicates things, however, is that the distribution of matter and energy is in turn governed by the curvature of space, leading to a feedback loop and a lot of very complex mathematics. Thus, the presence of mass/energy determines the geometry of space, and the geometry of space determines the motion of mass/energy".

20

New Theories / Re: What exactly is gravity

« on: 22/09/2019 13:59:35 »

As we move away from Sun, energy weakens.  Curvature of space time mainly depends on the distribution of mass/energy in the open area.   

When an asteroid enters our solar system, it all depends on the matter contained therein.  First of all we have to remember that there is no gravity here. Energy in the space moves towards the asteroid and curves and try to throw it into inertial position.  Here in the outer planets region, energy present in the layers is weak and thus mass effect.

It is true that each and every closed volume curves the space time.  If the asteroid is gaseous form, mass effect is limited.  Though energy is weak, it is sufficient to cause and threw it into inertial position.

If the asteroid  is rocky type, since mass effect is limited it crosses outer region and enters inner region.

Mr Kryptid
It all depends on the mass effect.  At the outer region, since energy is weak mass effect is limited.  However in the case of gaseous planets, each particle can curve the space time and thus they can exist.  In fact weak layers of Sun energy extends even beyond our Solar system.  Here energy is so weak and thus curvature of space time.  At these layers only dust and light particles exists.
Yours
Psreddy