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23rd Jun 2002
How does the Brain Generate Consciousness, Prof. Susan Greenfield
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Susan Greenfield, director of the Royal Institution, joins us to discuss how does the brain generate consciousness, what is consciousness, how can we study consciouness, what is unconsciousness, and are animals conscious in the same way that humans are ?
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News
A report in the Psychologist journal this month reports that if football referees are told beforehand that a team has a reputation for aggressive or foul play then they are more likely to hand out a red or yellow card when a player from that side commits a foul, compared w...
UK pharmaceutical company Xenova are testing an anti-smoking vaccine. The vaccine works by provoking the body to produce antibodies against nicotine, the addictive component of tobacco. Following vaccination, when a smoker lights up the nicotine is immediately 'grabbed' by...
Most of us remember being cautioned by our PE teachers to 'warm up' properly before exercise to prevent muscle, tendon and joint strains. But according to scientists at Manchester Metropolitan University the best way to prepare is with an electric blanket. They argue that ...
A family in America have become the first people to be implanted with a tiny microchip the size of a grain of rice containing their medical records. The VeriChip, designed by US company Applied Digital Solutions, emits a signal containing information about the bearer when ...
Boats continuously move against their moorings on the swell, and Watford man Raymond Gotto has come up with a clever way to harness energy from the movements to power lighting, fridges and other electrical equipment on the boat. Gotto's boat is tied to a dock using a long ...
Time and again nature provides the remedies for many human ailments, you just need to know where to look. That's why folk-remedies are often a good place to start. For centuries Zulus have been chewing and boiling the uBangalala plant as a cure for impotence. Now scientist...
As the everyone goes footie mad for the world cup, researchers at the University of Greenwich have been using a computer to analyse video clips of footballers taking penalties. They found that football players subconsciously give out physical clues about which way they are...
Sometimes the best things happen when we least expect it. This was the case for researchers at Purdue University in the US who were experimenting with genetically-modified tomatoes in order to increase the quality of the fruit and the duration of he reipening time. In orde...
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Questions

Is it me or do men always hog the TV remote control ?!
A study of mens' habits has revealed that they cling on to the TV remote control, even when they are not even watching a TV programme ! What's more, in the 8 households that were spied upon during the study, when women used the remote, they returned it to the man straight afterwards. Now that's remote control for you !

What makes a whip go 'crack' ?
It isn't just Concorde that breaks the sound-barrier - whips do too. Scientists originally thought that the crack produced by a whip is because the tip of the whip breaks the sound barrier and makes a minature sonic boom - this is when something travels faster than the speed of sound and overtakes its own sound wave so that the sound waves are all compressed together behind the object, making a very loud sound. But now scientists have found that it is not the tip of the whip that is making the noise - because that they have found that when the crack occurs the tip is actually moving at twice the speed of sound - 1434 miles per hour. So what is breaking the sound barrier and making the noise when the whip actually cracks then ? Physicists Alain Goriely and Tyler McMillen at the University of Arizona in the US have found that it is in fact the loop that travels along the length of the whip that breaks the sound barrier and makes the cracking noise.

I am being driven mad by hayfever. Help !
Allergies are horrible. They are made worse by the fact that we don't know much about them, how to prevent them from occurring, and how to stop them from recurring. But Brian Sutton and his team from Kings College, London, have made a potentially important discovery this week - about how antibodies called IgE work. Everyone has IgE antibodies, but people with allergies have much higher levels than most. The Y shaped IgE antibodies attach themselves to mast cells in our tissues. When the antibody picks up an allergen, such as pollen, it triggers the Mast cell to release irritants such as histamine, the substance responsible for the unpleasant effects including swollen, itchy, weepy eyes, runny nose and asthma. Now the King's team have found that when the IgE antibody attaches to a mast cell it changes its shape. This shape change seems to lock the antibody in place, making the individual more prone to allergic reactions. Sutton says "if you could design a drug that keeps the antibodies in their bent shape you could stop them binding to mast cells, or even pop them off, stopping allergic symptoms". There is such a drug, called Xolair, which is made by biotech company Genentech and which has shown promising results in clinical trials. But the drug is very expensive and needs to be given by injection so it is not practical as a therapy yet. But the new results from King's are very encouraging and might herald some relief for some of us in summer in future !
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