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The steroid psychoses we saw presented as a spectrum psychosis with symptoms ranging from affective through schizophreniform to those of organic brain syndrome. No characteristic stable presentation was observed in these 14 patients, but the most prominent symptom constellation to appear during the course of the illness consisted of emotional lability, anxiety, distractibility, pressured speech, sensory flooding, insomnia, depression, perplexity, agitation, auditory and visual hallucinations, intermittent memory impairment, mutism, disturbances of body image, delusions, apathy and hypomaniaSince our study, several other critical reviews of the literature and new studies have become available. This newer literature provides longitudinal insight into the nature of steroid induced mental change. The incidence of steroid psychosis varies widely in the literature ranging from 13 to 62%, with a weighted average of 27.6% for some steroid induced mental change, the vast majority of which are mild to moderate and do not herald the development of a full-blown psychosis or affective syndrome. The incidence of a severe psychiatric syndrome in the more than 2,500 patients reported in the literature ranges from 1.6 to 50% with a weighted average of 5.7%.
TABLE 2 Adverse Effects of Steroid Therapy and Cautions. Neuropsychiatric:Headache, vertigo, seizures, increased motor activity, insomnia, mood changes, psychosis. Use with caution in patients with convulsive or psychiatric disorders. Use may aggravate preexisting psychiatric conditions. Steroid-induced psychosis is dose-related, occurs within 15 to 30 days of therapy and is treatable if steroid therapy must be continued.
TizanidineFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaRoutes Oral, Intranasal, Injection Tizanidine (brandnames Zanaflex, Sirdalud) is a drug which is used as a muscle relaxant. It is a centrally acting α-2 adrenergic agonist. It is used to treat the spasms, cramping, and tightness of muscles caused by medical problems such as multiple sclerosis, spastic diplegia, back pain, or certain other injuries to the spine or central nervous system. It is also prescribed off-label as a sleep aid, seizure inhibitor, and for some symptoms of fibromyalgia.
Some anticonvulsant drugs are effective in treating bipolar disorder, fibromyalgia...The anticonvulsants are also known as anti-epileptics. They were designed -- and are approved by the Food and Drug Administration -- primarily to treat people who have various kinds of seizure disorders, including seizures or convulsions caused by epilepsy, strokes, and brain tumors. Several -- phenytoin (Dilantin), carbamazepine (Carbatrol, Tegretol,), ethotoin (Peganone), and valproic acid/divalproex (Depakene/Depakote) -- have been on the market since the 1950s. But a "second generation" of anticonvulsants was developed in the 1990s. These include gabapentin (Neurontin), lamotrigine (Lamictal), pregabalin (Lyrica) and topiramate (Topamax).
Cognitive Behavioral Insomnia Therapy for Individuals With FibromyalgiaThis study is currently recruiting participants. Verified by National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral insomnia therapy in reducing sleep disturbances and improving other FM-related symptoms.
It includes the BNF details medicines prescribed in the UK, with special reference to their uses, cautions, contraindications, side-effects, dosage and relative costs. Updated in print every six months, the BNF reflects current best practice as well as legal and professional guidelines relating to the use of medicines.