Naked Science Forum
On the Lighter Side => New Theories => Topic started by: puppypower on 01/03/2020 17:20:01
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In another topic, "Are Water and Organics Co-partners in life?", I developed the background needed to discussed how water contributes many things to life. In this discussion, I am going analyze the Virus and then, hopefully with the help of those more knowledgable of virus and the Corona Virus, use the Corona Virus as a practical application of a water side analysis.
In my previous discussion, about water and life, the most fundamental analogy for the relationship between water and the organics of life, is the system of water and oil. If we mix water and oil they will form an emulsion. If the emulsion is allowed to rest, it will phase separate back into two layers; water and oil. This system will spontaneously go from disorder to order. This ability to go from from disorder to order is critical to assembly of all organic life systems, including virus.
The reason this separation into order occurs is the emulsion creates surface tension between the water and oil. It creates lots of water-oil surface contact via small bubbles. The combining of bubbles and the separation of phases, is a way to lower the contact surface area, and thereby lower the potential due to the surface tension. This is driven by the water, since the hydrogen bonding of water is much stronger than the van der Waals forces of the oil. Water has the most to lose or gain and runs the show.
The water and oil analogy is in affect for all stages of a virus. The assembly of a virus is very similar to the smaller bubbles of oil combining, to form larger bubbles, to help lower the surface contact with water. Instead of a simple system like bubbles of oil, the virus is like a multicomponent bubble system, where the different bubbles combine, based on a free energy priority relative to the water. You could mess up virus packing by tweaking packing priority with spoilers.
This packing priority can be seen on a smaller scale by looking at the packing of a single protein. Below is an energy landscape diagram for a simple stretched out protein. The peaks represent the side groups along the protein chain, with strong organic (oil) character. In the water-oil analogy they set the highest potential with the water; most surface tension. These will need to pack first to maximize the lowering of aqueous potential. They will form the core of a protein.
Proteins fold with exact folds, meaning there is no statistical variation when similar composition protein fold. Folding is very exact with a probability of 1.0. This is very repeatable because it is driven based on the energy priority relative to the water. The proteins that make up a virus are also packed in specific order by the water.
(https://www.thenakedscientists.com/forum/proxy.php?request=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.lsbu.ac.uk%2Fwater%2Fimages%2Fdry_surface.gif&hash=ca26beafa189a7bb5bc8e0c30e78b26a)
A virus demonstrates that packing is not a one was street. Rather a virus will reverse its packed configuration when once it enters the cell. In the water-oil analogy, it is like adding agitation to water-oil layer to form smaller and smaller bubbles. This agitation needs an energy supply.
The reason packing and unpacking can occur., i.e., forward and backwards, has to do with the water potential in a healthy host cell is different from the water potential of the infested cell. The healthy cells greets the packed virus with a water potential suitable for disassembly. While the virus, after infecting the cell, turns the cell into a different water potential environment, more suitable for assembly. After the virus takes over, it floods the infested cell with its own protein. These protein created a potential in the water, with the virus the best place for lowering the potential.
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the water potential in a healthy host cell is different from the water potential of the infested cell.
Do you have evidence for that claim?
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the water potential in a healthy host cell is different from the water potential of the infested cell.
Do you have evidence for that claim?
I can tell by the relative composition of materials. They are different for each situation. The virus changes the blend. One concept that could be used is called activity. The activity of water is defined as 1.0 for pure water. As we add things that bind with water, the activity decreases. When the water is saturated, in terms of interaction with other things, the activity is 0.
A virus is forcing the cell to make materials that are not a normal part of its steady state. The activity changes relative to its healthy state. I cannot give you a hard number, since I do not have access to a lab to run any experiments.
Activity is an important concept for the food industries, since by controlling water activity you can control spoiling of food for longer shelf life. This is about making the water in the manufactured food products less useful to the equilibrium needs of bacteria. Maybe the food industry can help since what they sell has to be safe even with modified activity.
Let me continue with some additional background for the system of water and virus. If you look at the DNA of human cells, this DNA packs with packing protein. The water-oil analogy applies with the packing protein prioritized, based on the potential of the free packing protein in water and how much potential can be lowered when packed onto the DNA. DNA is at low potential relative to water. The DNA becomes sort of a tool for the water, to help lower the bulk water potential. The DNA benefits by this packing, so everyone is happy.
Virus, which have a core of RNA or RNA, also using packing protein of sorts, but in a way that is different from the DNA packing within human cells. The packing of the DNA in humans cells is analogous to an interior skeleton for the DNA, whereas the packing onto the viral genetic material is more like an exa-skeleton. A virus is more like a bug. Antibodies work on the surface shell of the virus. It disorientates the viral equilibrium sensory systems as the virus DNA sleeps. The Virus runs on auto pilot as its DNA rests.
The exo-skeleton; protein, of the virus, protects the soft inner DNA from external stresses like the shell of a bug. The endo-skeleton of human DNA makes its surface softer and more sensitive and adds extra sensory; equilibrium, capability.
The DNA of humans cells is sensitive to the internal cellular environment via its surface water and the water that binds within the genes. The Virus is not sensitive on the surface, in terms of a direct link to the DNA. The DNA is more isolated and protected. The virus may also have analogous sensory protein structures, which allow it to sense the proper host environment. Once the virus enters the cells and its exo-skeleton is shed, like a soft shell crap, the viral genetic material awakens and begins to interact with the aqueous environment of the cell.
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So, that's a "no" then.
When the water is saturated, in terms of interaction with other things, the activity is 0.
So, because, the water is saturated with collagen- a fairly common and low solubility protein, the activity of water in any human is zero.
Or you are wrong.
It disorientates the viral sensory systems as the virus DNA sleeps.
I'm reminded of a quote I saw on the web: "don't anthropomorphise the electrons; it annoys them."
The idea of sleeping DNA and viruses with sensory systems is bizarre.
A virus has no brain and no nerves.
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So, that's a "no" then.
When the water is saturated, in terms of interaction with other things, the activity is 0.
So, because, the water is saturated with collagen- a fairly common and low solubility protein, the activity of water in any human is zero.
Or you are wrong.
It disorientates the viral sensory systems as the virus DNA sleeps.
I'm reminded of a quote I saw on the web: "don't anthropomorphise the electrons; it annoys them."
The idea of sleeping DNA and viruses with sensory systems is bizarre.
A virus has no brain and no nerves.
The cell is about 70% water by weight and water molecules are tiny compared to proteins, with each water molecule able to form four hydrogen bonds. If there is enough collagen to tie up all the aqueous hydrogen bonding the answer is yes. But there is not that much collagen in living systems. Most of the water in living system is bonded to other water; still active.
I used the language disorientates the sensory system of the virus as a learning tool. Virus, in general, don't inflect all cells. The Corona Virus, for example, is specific for respiratory cells. How does it know the difference? It has a type of surface sensory system, that is analogous to finger print recognition o clock and key. If we attach certain things we can make it read the finger print wrong.
The human eyes inputs photons. This goes to the brain to be processed. Virus are much simpler. The sensory system and lock and key program function is all based on surface molecular hardware. It will form a lock and key arrangement if it reaches the correct host. We can file the key, or add another projection, to make the key worthless.
By sleeping DNA, I was also be descriptive It makes learning easier. When cells undergo cell cycles the DNA is duplicated and then packed into chromosomes. At this point, the DNA is totally offline and not interacting. The protein grid is now running the show. This is based on auto pilot commands that are inherent in the grid. The virus also has an offline state, than last much longer , since it cannot do much for itself. Instead the protein shell and surface recognition molecules run the show looking for a host so the viral DNA can get back on-line.
In a human cell, after the DNA is taken off line, and is separated into two daughter cells, the DNA will gradually power up as it unpacks. The virus does not have the jam to do this. It evolves an auto-pilot mechanism after it is duplicated.
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If there is enough collagen to tie up all the aqueous hydrogen bonding the answer is yes. But there is not that much collagen in living systems. Most of the water in living system is bonded to other water; still active.
There is clearly enough to saturate it.
Because, if the water in your body wasn't saturated with collagen then collagen would dissolve into it from, for example, blood vessel walls.
It's also pretty much saturated with calcium phosphate.
And your use of "sensory" is somewhere between unorthodox and wrong.
It's like describing velcro as sensory.
There is literally no "sense" involved.
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If there is enough collagen to tie up all the aqueous hydrogen bonding the answer is yes. But there is not that much collagen in living systems. Most of the water in living system is bonded to other water; still active.
There is clearly enough to saturate it.
Because, if the water in your body wasn't saturated with collagen then collagen would dissolve into it from, for example, blood vessel walls.
It's also pretty much saturated with calcium phosphate.
And your use of "sensory" is somewhere between unorthodox and wrong.
It's like describing velcro as sensory.
There is literally no "sense" involved.
We are talking two different things. By saturation I did not mean how much solute can dissolve in water. It is more about tying up all hydrogen bonding with anything besides other water. For example, Mercury Sulfide is very insoluble in water. It will precipitate out at very low concentration. The activity of a water solution of HgS, remains very close to 1.0, since nearly all hydrogen bonds of water are still active since little HgS stays in solution.
If we added NaCl. both ions are very soluble and both will interact with water. Water will form hydration spheres around these ions. This will lower the activity, since many hydrogen bonds sites of water are occupied by something other than water. The same molar concentration of each scenario, will have a different impact on activity.
In the case of building a virus inside a host cell, the virus will use the cellular machinery to mass produce its needed protein. This causes the activity of the cellular water to lower since these new proteins, are not natural to the normal steady state of the cell These will tie up additional hydrogen bonding of water. The water can increase its activity, by lowering the surface area of these protein in contact with the water. It does this by causing these protein to cluster into the shell of the virus. If the water/cell can also boot the virus out of the cell, that will further increase the activity of the water, back closer to the native state of the host cell.
The host cell has many large fixed structures from the DNA and nucleus to the cellular membrane, and all in between. These are fixed in position by scaffolding protein. This material provides a baseline or global activity for the water in that cell. The dynamic movement of smaller things, among the large fixed things, tweaks the baseline locally.. The water potential, tries to restore the global baseline potential or activity. Information flow in water is very fast and global, with water taking care of business.
During cell cycles the mother cells undergoes rapid synthesis and manufactures and retains the most materials in her entire life. The activity of the water falls due to double materials. This alters the global ir baseline water potential/activity. The different baseline water water now treats the organic in different ways; different equilibria geared toward forming two daughter cells instead of one huge cell with doubled DNA.
Virus
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Let me shows a few pictures of the Corona Virus. I will discuss water-oil equilibria when I have more time. The first shows the virus. The second shows a spike on the surface.
(https://img.etimg.com/thumb/msid-73698314,width-643,imgsize-1737639,resizemode-4/after-the-system-churns-out-automated-results-the-findings-are-analysed-by-trained-epidemiologists-who-draw-inferences-and-attach-a-risk-factor-to-each-case-a-report-is-drafted-and-sent-to-bluedots-clients-.jpg)
(https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/x4uU29ASrcttSscDdMf49X-650-80.jpg)
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I am back. If you look at the first image, one may notice the spikes on the surface of the virus. In terms of the water-oil analogy this spiky configuration tell me the spikes are more on the water side of the water-oil equilibrium. If they had been more reduced or on the oil side of equilibrium, they would be more balled up, instead of extended in terms of linear surface area. Or they would cluster closer to each, instead of separating across the surface, or they would bend and/or lay down toward the viral membrane, to help lower the aqueous surface area. Instead they appear to be designed with water in mind. However, they do show a little balling up at the tip, that looks like a crown, from which the name corona virus was born. I would guess the tip is use to anchor onto the membrane; oil-oil.
The second diagram bears this out. This was image was harder to find since I did not know that the spikes were called spikes. Luckily, I stumbled upon this image to verify my logic.
The magnified image of a spike shows some key proteins, as portrayed in color, having a very open in structure, allowing additional water surface area. This type of structure, which is favorable to water, is designed to allow water based structuring to build onto the protein spikes and extend outward radially, from the spikes. I would guess cooperative hydrogen bonding, where water and protein create an extended hydrogen bonding resonance structure onto and outward from the spikes. The sensory lock and key is more than likely based on the water cooperatives induced by the spikes.
The cooperative create structuring in the water attacked to the spikes. When the spike key finds the proper lock, free energy is released from the cooperative as the orderring become disrupted, The disruption results in an increase in water entropy; water becomes disordered. An increase in entropy absorbs energy, allowing the virus to gain activation energy to overcome host cell surface energy barriers.
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Let me add some additional water side detail connected to the impact of ions, on the Corona virus. Ions have an impact on the hydrogen bonding of water. In terms of water, ions are defined as chaotropes if they bind to water weaker than water will bind to other water via hydrogen bonding. They are called kosmotropes, if they bind to water stronger than water can bind to other water via hydrogen bonding.
Below is a diagram of the relative binding strength of a range ions. Notice, sodium and potassium ions are in the middle and each have opposite affects on water, even though they both have a single positive charge. Membrane potential does not tell the whole story of the ion pumps. Cells will pump and exchange these cations creating different water environments on each side of the membrane. This is expected since each side of the membrane is more specialized for different equilibrium functions; needs of input and output.
In terms of the Corona virus, when they leave or enter the membrane of the host cell, they encounter between different water environments, since cells accumulate potassium ions inside and accumulate sodium ions outside. The membrane is another place to mess with the Corona virus through equilibrium affects. This applies to all virus.
(https://www.thenakedscientists.com/forum/proxy.php?request=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.lsbu.ac.uk%2Fwater%2Fimages%2Fchaotopes.gif&hash=c7d2c6917b5daff668d31f60848ec7a3)
In the diagram above, there is a mention of low density water. The hydrogen bonding of water has both partial polar and partial covalent bonding characteristics. Low density water is connected to covalent bonding, since covalent bonds need to stretch out for proper magnetic overlap of the covalent bonding orbitals. In polar bonding, the closer the charges get, the stronger the polar bond. This forms high density water domaines.
In terms of a Corona Virus, its surface spikes strongly suggest cooperative hydrogen bonds. This is connected to the covalent side hydrogen of hydrogen bonding and therefore low density water. Relative to the sodium and potassium ions, potassium ions will accumulate in low density water. Since they bind weaker to water than water binds to itself they will be disruptive to cooperative hydrogen bonding. Potassium ions will help to skinny down the virus, so the virus can leave easier.
On the other hand, sodium ions are excluded from low density water. An entering virus, because of its cooperative structure, can sort of ignore the sodium ions and maintain the cooperative hydrogen bonding. When the lock finds the key, there is free energy released outside the cell for entry. Once they enter, the potassium ions, inside, prevents the cooperative from reforming. The host can then disassemble it easier, to its own demise.
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Now I would like to look at the inside of the Corona Virus.
The Corona Virus is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome and a nucleocapsid of helical symmetry. The genome size of coronaviruses ranges from approximately 27 to 34 kilo bases, the largest among known RNA viruses. Helical symmetry is somewhat unusual for a positive sense single strand RNA. It is much more common for negative sense single strand RNA.
Positive sense RNA means the RNA of the Corona Virus can act as messenger RNA or mRNA . It can attach itself to ribosomes and can be used to directly translate protein on the ribosomes. A negative sense RNA virus, has to be used first as a template to form mRNA, which are then used to make protein of ribosomes. Corona Virus cuts out the middleman step. That can give it a selective advantage.
As I was discussed elsewhere (Are Water and Organics Copartners in Life) the DNA is an extremely large hydrated molecule. In terms of the water-oil analogy, the DNA is on the water side of the equilibrium. If we go from DNA, to mRNA to protein translation, we are heading in the direction of the oil side of the potential. This means the positive sense nature of Corona Virus RNA by be closer to the ribosomes; positive sense, would result in it having more "oil" affect than negative sense virus RNA.
The record setting length of the Corona Virus RNA appears to satisfy the needs of a paradox. RNA is more on the water side, while positive sense RNA pushes it slightly toward the oil side. Large RNA that is also positive sense, averages out the RNA to look similar to a smaller negative sense RNA, in terms of overall potential.
The Corona Virus is a nucleocapsid of helical symmetry. A nucleocapsid reflects the RNA of the virus plus its packing protein. The helical symmetry of Corona RNA is unusual for positive sense viral RNA. However it is not unusual for a negative sense viral DNA. The logical explanation has to due with configurational equilibrium. As mentioned above, the large size and positive sense of the Corona Virus RNA, add up to smaller negative sense RNA in terms of equilibrium. The averaging affect would be expected to allow helical symmetry.
The analogy is say we need warm water to make tea. If we have lots of cold water and lots of hot water, and mx them, we have plenty of warm water. Or we can use warm water without having to use the extremes.
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In terms of the water-oil analogy this spiky configuration tell me the spikes are more on the water side of the water-oil equilibrium. If they had been more reduced or on the oil side of equilibrium, they would be more balled up, instead of extended in terms of linear surface area
Did it occur to you that they might just be stiff?
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In terms of the water-oil analogy this spiky configuration tell me the spikes are more on the water side of the water-oil equilibrium. If they had been more reduced or on the oil side of equilibrium, they would be more balled up, instead of extended in terms of linear surface area
Did it occur to you that they might just be stiff?
Dehydrated materials will become stiff. Once you hydrate, materials become more fluid. DNA is a crystal when dehydrated and then becomes more fluid when hydrated. Within water and oil based systems, are also surface tension considerations.. Water will try to lower surface tension, which means minimize the organic and water surface area.
Large stretched out structures with lots of surface area imply low surface tension. While stiffness implies something more lije water based cooperative hydrogen bonding. If the surface tension was higher, the surface area would lower.
After studying the corona virus, in some detail, I have concluded that the existing organic approach is very advanced and any water side approach I can provide, only helps around the seams. There are already thousands of people working the organic side. It would be an uphill battle, seeing I lack resources. A logical analysi alone, does not satisfy any science based on empirical data.
A better use of my time would be to discuss a novel viral prevention approach, that is water based instead of organic based. The logical simplicity should help even an empiricist see possible merit. In a previous discussion, I mentioned Sodium and Potassium ions and how Sodium is kosmotropic; creates order, and Potassium is chaotropic; creates disorder. relative to water.
Sodium ions, which are kosmotropic are excluded from low density water. This reflects the covalent aspect of hydrogen bonding. While Potassium ions, which are chaotropic accumulates in low density water.
Relative to a virus, like Corona, the spike configuration, to me, suggests cooperative hydrogen bonding. So when a virus approaches a host cell, the Sodium ions on the outside surface of the host cell, avoid the viral cooperative, allowing the free energy contained within the cooperative to help the virus enter. Once the virus enters, the Potassium ions disrupt and/or prevent the cooperative from reforming, so the virus can be dismantled easier.
What comes to mind is the impact of the local nerve tissue. Nerve tissue and neurons deal in sodium and potassium ions fluxes. If a local nerve, near a cell was to fire, sensory trigger, it would give off potassium ions. This can theoretically, mess up the viral cooperative hydrogen bonding, outside the host cells, so the virus lacks the free energy needed to enter. It may still attach, but lacks activation energy. The host may treat it differently; food.
This version of the Corona virus is very new, which means nobody should have much in the way of organic based immune factors. So why are many people less vulnerable, while some are more vulnerable? Differences in local nerve firing could explain this.
A placebo viral infection would be a viral disease that has organic potential; tangible virus, but which disengages a full nervous system potassium ion response, so it can enter, easier.
A cellular viral infection should change the equilibrium in the water, outside the infested cells, near the local nerve endings. The sensory nerve ending will sense non equilibrium, and fire to send a signal to the brain; warning! If these signals become a chain reaction, the infested cell would become isolated. This may also signal a beacon for a targeted immune response.
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I would like to look at the drug called Chloroquine that is being tested on the corona virus. This drug is currently used for Malaria and Lupus, with millions of doses prescribed and used since the 1950's when this drug was approved by the FDA. The side affects have been very minimum with negligible deaths over the past 70 years, It shows signs of working on the Corona Virus. We should up and running, since it has been proven safe for 70 years on wide range of population, The delays makes no sense, other than possible solutions may not benefit bureaucracies until they can gain control and credit.
In terms of the water side approach to life, let us look at chloroquine phosphate, as shown below. The chloroquine aspect is the long organic chain with three nitrogen atoms; N. The Nitrogen has extra elections and it can share these elections. The two bottom nitrogen will participate in the resonance of the bottom automatic group. The top nitrogen does not participate in resonance, so its sharable electrons are more available for sharing other ways. The single chlorine atom is election withdrawing and helps induce the resonance nitrogen to share.
The two phosphate groups are strong acids and weak bases and will give off a hydrogen proton that can share with the electrons of the nitrogen, The top nitrogen, by not participating in resonance holds these protons longer, (nanoscale), compared to the resonance nitrogen which cycle back and forth; now they have it and now they don't.
(https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/image/imgsrv.fcgi?cid=64927&t=l)
In terms of the corona virus, the long organic structure of chloroquine has the virus membrane in mind. Chlorine is oil in terms of the water-oil analogy. It will go past the spikes, and the surface protein, and be induced into the membrane, by the water. This will lower local water potential.
The Phosphate groups are chaotropic which is similar to the impact of potassium. These will disrupt the cooperative hydrogen bonding on the spikes and diminish their activation energy affect needed for entry. It will make it harder of the virus to enter cells. The Chloroquine foundation appears to be an organic "mule" which carries the phosphate, toward the viral membrane, with the phosphate messing with the cooperative hydrogen bonding on the spikes.
(https://www.silicon.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/coronavirus-684x513.jpg)
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With the Corona virus pandemic on the other side of the peak, in many places, this is a good time to look at water side of anti-bodies. Antibodies are protein structures composed of two heavy chains and two light polypeptide chains. These typically form the shape of a Y as shown below.
The light blue and light pink areas are the variable regions of the antibody, while the darker blue and darker pink areas are the constant regions. The constant regions are similar to each other and have structural properties for the antibody. The variable region is where the antibody attaches to an antigen. This variable region, composed of 110-130 amino acids, give the antibody its specificity for binding antigen.
(https://www.thenakedscientists.com/forum/proxy.php?request=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biology.arizona.edu%2Fimmunology%2Ftutorials%2Fantibody%2Fgraphics%2Fantibody.gif&hash=667ab6f3e4cb1fac2d327515740ae8ac)
Again, water is the majority component of life and the shape and merging of the four protein reflects minimizing the potential of these four protein chains in water; oil beads. The fixed tail is linear while the top and variable component splits into a Y. This tells me the bottom is more on the oil side, while the top is more on the water side of the water-oil analogy. If the Y side was more toward the oil side, it would flatten out and merge like the stump, to lower surface tension. Instead, it stays open to allow water to hydrogen bond to the antibody, on more sides of the Y. The business end of the antibody has hydrogen bonding and even cooperative water in mind. Like the virus, the antibody it carries it own activation energy; free energy, in the cooperative.
Hydrogen bonds stabilize the antibody-antigen interaction. In addition to hydrogen bonds, other weak interactions such as van der Waals forces, hydrophobic interactions and electrostatic forces improve the binding specificity between antibody and antigen. These interactions occur over large and sometimes discontinuous regions of the molecules, improving binding affinity. The variety of binding is from both the water and the oil side.
The water merges the antibody and the virus to maximize water potential. The water is trying to build a larger protein structure; larger oil drop, to lower bulk surface tension. The organic stump of the antibody creates most of the surface tension in the bulk water. By merging the antibody and antigen this helps the water and helps life.
The antibody and antigen need to form a lock and key arrangement binding if the binding is to persist, and so the equilibrium can change, even further, to the determent of the virus. This is accomplished on the water centric or variable side of the anti-body; Y. It has to be able to deal wth the cooperative water that builds up on the surface of the virus.
Below is a magnified image of an antibody bound to an antigen, such as a virus. The left side is the anti-body. One may notice the light blue balls at the interface between the antibody and virus. These are water molecules that help to bind the composite together with considerable binding energy. These water probably come from the cooperative hydrogen bonding that original surrounded the variable region of the antibody and the spikes of the virus. My guess is the cooperative initially builds between the two, as the bulk water forces the two things to merge. As more organic binding forms in the lock and key, this disrupts the initial merger cooperative. There is a release free energy as water entropy increase.
In the case of the virus, the antibody disrupts its cooperative hydrogen bonding surface spikes, thereby increasing the activation energy needed to enter cells. The antibodies also act as flag and extended water based finger print, of an object, that needs to be eliminated.
(https://www.thenakedscientists.com/forum/proxy.php?request=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biology.arizona.edu%2Fimmunology%2Ftutorials%2Fantibody%2Fgraphics%2Fwater2.gif&hash=73c10190badd786d9676d1c69dd259d5)
During my basic studying of antibodies, I learned that B-cells which make antibodies each contain a single antibody. Each B-cell is a one trick pony. During the formation of B-cells, a section of their DNA shuffles and rearranges, to form billions of variations. These shuffled genes will form the protein in the variable regions of the antibodies. Each B-cell is given a single antibody. If we multiply this by billions of B cells, we get billions of different antibodies. If any one B-cell is able to bind properly to an antigen; lock and key, this triggers that B-cell to mass produce its antibody, which then floods the blood supply; perfect binding alters the B-cell equilibrium.
This process on shuffling genes so each B-cell gets a different set-up, is similar to mutations on steroids. This is not so much being done randomly, as it is about being thorough. It is anticipating all contingencies in advance. If I was trying to do this, in the lab, the most efficient way would be to increase or decrease the aqueous hydrogen bonding potential around these genes. The genes will need to form a dynamic equilibrium, which involves attaching protein and rearranging the furniture, for each step up or down the gradient. This cannot be easily done via the organic side. You need to be able to move base pairs quickly and efficiently in a continuous way.
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The Phosphate groups are chaotropic which is similar to the impact of potassium. These will disrupt the cooperative hydrogen bonding on the spikes and diminish their activation energy affect needed for entry. It will make it harder of the virus to enter cells.
Great news.
I will continue to drink cola which will provide a lot more phosphate than chloroquine pills ever would.
Did it not occur to you that you are focussing on utterly the wrong thing?
BTW, the mechanism of action of chloroquine is already known. Has been for years.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8361993
And there's a credible mechanism for it working in the case of coronavirus.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1232869/
Whereas your bizarre view is that the stuff miraculously holds onto the phosphate ions in solution, but then magically gives them up inside the virus where they do something- which is odd because viruses already contain lots of phosphate.
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The Phosphate groups are chaotropic which is similar to the impact of potassium. These will disrupt the cooperative hydrogen bonding on the spikes and diminish their activation energy affect needed for entry. It will make it harder of the virus to enter cells.
Great news.
I will continue to drink cola which will provide a lot more phosphate than chloroquine pills ever would.
Did it not occur to you that you are focussing on utterly the wrong thing?
BTW, the mechanism of action of chloroquine is already known. Has been for years.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8361993
And there's a credible mechanism for it working in the case of coronavirus.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1232869/
Whereas your bizarre view is that the stuff miraculously holds onto the phosphate ions in solution, but then magically gives them up inside the virus where they do something- which is odd because viruses already contain lots of phosphate.
You must have misunderstood. The phosphate groups impact the surface of the corona virus. The surface is how the virus gets inside the cell. I was not concerned with the inside of the virus. The surface spikes on the virus will help form extended water structuring; cooperative hydrogen bonding. This helps to lower the local water potential. The chloroquine, while heading into the host cell membrane, pulls along the phosphate groups, like a mule, to assist with a surface affect before it enters the virus.
Phosphate is chaotropic and will disrupt the aqueous cooperative hydrogen bonding on the virus surface, as it passes by the spikes. This takes away the activation energy ,within the cooperative, that is needed for the virus to enter the host cell. It only slows the virus down, temporarily. The chloroquine also gets inside the virus and impacts the inside of virus; it is two for one. I am focussing on the surface water outside and not the organic inside. To me, if we make it harder to enter the cells, the immune system can catch up and develop natural immunity.
Data from New York City is showing that the highest levels of mortality, due to the Corona Virus had three or four basic things in common. The most common was hypertension or high blood pressure. This was followed by diabetes and obesity. Being elderly also had an impact. These are all consistent with a water side, virus surface analysis.
Hydrogen bonding shows both polar and covalent bonding characteristics. The polar bonding sides tries to get the two charges as close as possible, since their EM potential is distance dependent. This makes the hydrogen bonding more compressed. Covalent hydrogen bonding will expand the hydrogen bonds, so the covalent bonding orbitals can overlap properly in space for the sharing of electrons, via the cooperative. Cooperative hydrogen bonding is on the covalent side allowing elections to delocalize among the expanded hydrogen bonding cooperative.
Hypertension or high blood pressure causes higher blood pressure. This pressurizes the water in the blood, slightly, and moves the hydrogen bonding more toward the higher density polar side of the equilibrium. This will favor disrupting the cooperative hydrogen bonding on the surface of corona, thereby helping the virus enter the cells; easier activation energy.
Diabetes is connected to a low natural production of insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps push the sugars of the blood, outward from the blood, to feed the cells. If insulin is low, glucose builds up in the blood and cells are not fed properly. This can lead to other problems. In this case, the build up of sugar in the blood shifts the blood water slightly toward the oil side of the water-oil equilibrium. This will also mean favoring polar hydrogen bonding. This will slightly favor the disruption of the cooperative hydrogen bonding on the virus, when it find a host cell membrane.
Obesity is connected having to very high body fat index. Fat is more reduced; high energy or oil side, than muscle. The net affect is the bulk circulating water of the body is shifted more toward the oil side of the water-oil equation. Once again this favors polar hydrogen bonding and helps the virus disrupt is surface cooperative for the needed activation energy.
The fact that virus impact the elderly, more than the young, implies that the young, in general, are more on the water side of the equilibrium. Youth means leaner muscle and higher energy burn. This will favor the cooperative hydrogen bonding and make it slightly harder to disrupt the surface water structures on the virus. Makes it harder to get the needed activation energy.
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You must have misunderstood. The phosphate groups impact the surface of the corona virus.
No.
It's you that doesn't understand.
As soon as the drug dissolves in the body fluids the phosphate groups are free to drift around.
They are entirely independent of, and will immediately drift away from the chloroquine ions.
It will be impossible to distinguish them from the other phosphate ions in the body- including those derived from a can of cola.
.Phosphate is chaotropic and will disrupt the aqueous cooperative hydrogen bonding on the virus surface,
There is no mechanism by which the phosphate groups are transported to the virus- chloroquine certainly can't be such a mechanism, because it's not actually attached to the phosphate once the pills dissolve.
If phosphate troubled the virus in any way then it wouldn't be a threat.
The body contains lots of phosphates- the tiny quantity added alongside an antimalarial isn't going to make a jot of difference.
We need to clarify something here.
I'm a pharmaceutical chemist, and you are some guy who makes up stupid stuff
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The net affect is the bulk circulating water of the body is shifted more toward the oil side of the water-oil equation.
Nonsense.
Water is water.
The water in my lungs, where the virus might be, does not know about, and can not be affected by the fat deposits of my beer gut.
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The fact that virus impact the elderly, more than the young, implies that the young, in general, are more on the water side of the equilibrium.
Bollocks.
It means young fit healthy people are better at fighting viruses.
It's no more surprising that finding that young adults would do a better job of fighting a rabid dog than geriatrics would.
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helps push the sugars of the blood, outward from the blood,
What does that even mean?
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What does that even mean?
Based on Aqualad's posting history, it doesn't mean anything.
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The net affect is the bulk circulating water of the body is shifted more toward the oil side of the water-oil equation.
Nonsense.
Water is water.
The water in my lungs, where the virus might be, does not know about, and can not be affected by the fat deposits of my beer gut.
You do not seem to be have much experience in water side analysis. You appear to be oil side or the oil people.
Here is teachable observation that can help make my point. If you take the membranes off cells, they will still preferentially concentrate potassium ions, even without ion pumps. This observation has led to the oil side theory that ion pumps are not needed, but act as a failsafe. This is false.
Potassium ions, which are chaotropic, have a different impact on water, than do sodium ions, which are kosmotropic. The potential in water is different for each ions, even though both cations have a single positive charge. Each impacts the hydrogen bonding differently; opposites.
The long term affect of a higher concentrations of potassium, inside cells, is to cause the water to define a hydrogen bonding equilibrium, more slanted toward the chaotropic side. This steady state impacts the way the water folds protein. If we remove the membrane, the potassium ions continue to be preferentially absorbed, since they was part of an equilibrium lock and key package that folded and chose these very proteins,
If a cell was to spend too much time without ion pumps, forcing a higher concentration of potassium, the equilibrium would start to shift. Other equilibrium decisions would need to be made. Ion pumping was key to evolution, since it forced specific water and protein equilibria.
How do oilers explain this naked cell observation?
If you add ethyl alcohol to water, although the alcohol is absorbed into the water to form a solution, the methyl side groups of the alcohol, will adds surface tension to the water. The average hydrogen bonding is not the same as pure water. This difference in hydrogen bonding potential water can impact brain, since it will alter how water interacts with all proteins, that were not pack with this potential.
Long term alcohol abuse can impact the brain and mind as equilibria shifts. This can be reverse by simply stopping the alcohol equilibrium. The oil siders do not have a good explanation for alcohol and brain equilibria. This is not a organic-organic affect. It is organic, water and organic affect.
The same analysis is true of excess blood sugar and body fat. These will impact the hydrogen bonding characteristics of water and the water then interacts with different equilibria.
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Here is teachable observation that can help make my point. If you take the membranes off cells, they will still preferentially concentrate potassium ions, even without ion pumps.
If you take the membranes off a cell it's no longer a cell.
It doesn't have an inside or an outside.
There's nowhere to pump to or from. And there's nowhere for a concentration to be raised or lowered.
You appear to be oil side or the oil people.
That just doesn't mean anything.
The potential in water is different for each ions
In real science, the word potential has a carefully defined meaning.
Can you explain how it applies here?
If we remove the membrane, the potassium ions continue to be preferentially absorbed,
Absorbed into what?
It's not as if there is still a cell there.
You should stop wasting the site's bandwidth with this tripe.
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If you add ethyl alcohol to water, although the alcohol is absorbed into the water to form a solution, the methyl side groups of the alcohol, will adds surface tension to the water.
In the real world, if you add alcohol to water, you reduce the surface tension.
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/je00019a016
Why do you post stuff that's so easily checked, but utterly wrong?
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Long term alcohol abuse can impact the brain and mind as equilibria shifts. This can be reverse by simply stopping the alcohol equilibrium.
Sadly, that's not true. The damage done to the brain by long terms alcohol use is not reversible on withdrawal.
Why tell that dangerous lie?
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Long term alcohol abuse can impact the brain and mind as equilibria shifts. This can be reverse by simply stopping the alcohol equilibrium.
Sadly, that's not true. The damage done to the brain by long terms alcohol use is not reversible on withdrawal.
Why tell that dangerous lie?
I was not thinking in terms of long term being 30 years of equilibrium changes due to a lifetime of drinking. I was thinking more about shorter term change, such as when behavioral symptoms appear, but before the material equilibria of the brain and body change too far.
One can drink too much, for one night, and take days to recover. This will not create too much long term equilibrium change in material configurations, but it will still take several days to restore the previous balances of the short term dynamic equilibria.
If you notice, alcohol will tend to increase spontaneity and the output of neural energy. Some people get louder, some will get more emotional, some will get more destructive, others will get more arrogance or confident. Many will no longer censor themselves. The brain is based on the water side of the equilibrium, while alcohol adds potentual from the oil side. This increase the hydrogen bonding potential of the blood. This potential can result in more discharge down spontaneous pathways, and higher neural energy output to reduce the potential.
These new pathways, which are designed for the short term, can become permanent in the longer term. The long term drinking of alcohol can creates a behavioral redundancy due to preferred pathways used to release the potential. Drunks can become very linear. Longer term affects can alter material equilibrium in cells, some of which may not have time for full reversal.
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I was thinking more about shorter term change
I see, when you say long term, you mean short term.
If you notice, alcohol will tend to increase spontaneity and the output of neural energy. Some people get louder, some will get more emotional, some will get more destructive, others will get more arrogance or confident. Many will no longer censor themselves. The brain is based on the water side of the equilibrium, while alcohol adds potentual from the oil side. This increase the hydrogen bonding potential of the blood. This potential can result in more discharge down spontaneous pathways, and higher neural energy output to reduce the potential.
Why do you insist on make stuff up? Are you drunk? Uh, I mean out of equilibrium?
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I was not thinking in terms of long term ... I was thinking more about shorter term change
Do you see how we might not have understood what you meant, given that what you said was
Long term alcohol abuse can impact the brain
Presumably, you now accept that you were talking nonsense- not least...
Within water and oil based systems, are also surface tension considerations.. Water will try to lower surface tension, which means minimize the organic and water surface area.
Water has a higher surface tension than most organic liquids.
If you add ethyl alcohol to water, although the alcohol is absorbed into the water to form a solution, the methyl side groups of the alcohol, will adds surface tension to the water.
In the real world, if you add alcohol to water, you reduce the surface tension.
The oil siders do not have a good explanation for alcohol and brain equilibria.
That's because the "oil siders" are a figment of your imagination.
The scientists have a fairly good understanding of how alcohol affects the brain.
It's been known for over 20 years.
https://www.nature.com/articles/38738
Interestingly, because I know that, I'm not one of the "oil siders"- (you said there the group who doesn't understand the effect of alcohol on the brain, and I do).
And yet you say.
You appear to be oil side or the oil people.
Your ideas contradict themselves.
They are therefore, certainly, wrong.
You should drop them in the interests of science.
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You do not seem to be have much experience in water side analysis. You appear to be oil side or the oil people.
You appear to have lost your mind.
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You do not seem to be have much experience in water side analysis. You appear to be oil side or the oil people.
You appear to have lost your mind.
Run experiments where you dehydrate cells to see what happens. Once the water is gone, nothing will happen. Organic or oil side, alone, is not enough to allow life or any of the chemical reactions displayed by cells.
Next, substitute any solvent you can think of, to replace the lost water, and now see that happens. What will happen is nothing will work properly and there will still be no sign of life. The organics of life cannot work properly with other solvents, besides water. They all evolved in water and water was the nanoscale environment for natural selection.
Finally, add water back and see what happens. Everything now works and even life reappears. This is not magic. Common sense, which is lacking in statistical science, tell me this all or not is not coincidence. But rather there is a 1.0 probability that water is key, since without water and in spite of substitutions, life only appears in water.
The conclusion I would draw is water is critical to everything that occurs in the cell and is needed for life. If water did not have its finger in even pie, life and its activity could be induce without water and with other solvents. The organics of life should work with or without water. This was not observed.
The common sense approach would ask the question ,how does water uniquely impact everything. What are the common threads better water and all the organics ? The organic side approach to life ignores this. They use a casino oracle approach, to gloss over the water. They still display organic reactions, without water, even though th above experiments can conclusively show enzymes and DNA do not function, as written, if we remove the water.
I use the derogative; oil people, as a poke, since you guys are out touch with reality. Run the experiments above and prove it to yourself. I am being patient ,since biology needs remediation, if the goal is reality, and not just an oracle fantasy.
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Run experiments where you dehydrate cells to see what happens.
They generally die.
They all evolved in water
Weell, as far as we know, round here they all did.
Elsewhere; who can say?
Having said that, I strongly suspect that most life in the
Tha's not news. universe uses water.Finally, add water back and see what happens. Everything now works and even life reappears.
Not reliably.
They still display organic reactions, without water, even though th above experiments can conclusively show enzymes and DNA do not function, as written, if we remove the water.
They generally don't say much about the test tube either.
Because, like water, for the most part, the test tube is just where it happens.
I use the derogative; oil people, as a poke, since you guys are out touch with reality.
You use a term that contradicts itself (as I posted earlier) to show that we have lost contact with reality.
Give your head a wobble.
Run the experiments above and prove it to yourself
If you do that experiment with most cells they die.
In some cases they don't.
What's the point of the experiment?
It doesn't tell us anything.
I am being patient ,since biology needs remediation, if the goal is reality, and not just an oracle fantasy.
That is word salad.
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Science is not about politics. Your name is ExChemist, so I expect common sense in chemistry. the impact of solvents is basis chemistry. Does the "ex" mean you used to be scientistic, before you decided to do political hatchet jobs? You appear to have lost your common sense in chemistry. Your arguments make you look like a bigot with an agenda, who lacks basic chemistry common sense.
Solvents are critical to many chemical reactions. The solvents help to orientate and hold the reactants, so that can react easier. Some solvents like water even add free energy. This is also true of water and life. You can run test where you change the solvents, and the chemical reactions are not the same. This is a statement of fact. It is not a political opinion. You do not seem to know the difference. Maybe that is why you are the ex- chemist.
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I think.. people has very misconception about Corona virus. They think it will immediately affect them.
We should have awareness for Corona virus. And most importantly, we should know that Social Distancing is the key to save your life from corona virus and defeat the covid-19.
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Your name is ExChemist,
Dishonest name calling isn't going to go down well on a science site.Your arguments make you look like a bigot with an agenda, who lacks basic chemistry common sense.
And perhaps you would like to back that up...
What basic chemistry do you think have I got wrong?
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Another observation about the Corona Virus is connected to blood clots. This is also consistent with the water-oil analogy. A blood clot suggests a surface tension affect within the blood. This is like an emulsion of water and oil. The clotting is helping to lower the surface tension within the blood water. High blood pressure, obesity and diabetes all are consistent with the oil side of the equilibrium. Now we can add blood clots to oil side, water-oil analysis.
All this data suggests, they the key to a good natural immune response, is a immune system that is slanted toward the water side. This better interfaces the immune system, to the CPU of the body, which is the brain. Brain activity is about water and ions, with neurotransmitters, adding a dash of oil side. It is not coincidence that blood vessels, nerves and the lymphatic tissue of the immune system, are found together near most cells. This is a control system. Natural and faith healing often involve command lines to the brain to impact the control system.
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Natural and faith healing often involve command lines to the brain to impact the control system.
And they often don't work...
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Your name is ExChemist,
Dishonest name calling isn't going to go down well on a science site.Your arguments make you look like a bigot with an agenda, who lacks basic chemistry common sense.
And perhaps you would like to back that up...
What basic chemistry do you think have I got wrong?
All you do is complain on cue, but never try to teach. I assume your cannot teach and therefore your knowledge base is atrophied. A child of two will say "NO" to anything. You can ask him if he thinks Einstein theory of Relativity is valid, and he ill say "no", by habit on cue. You can then ask him the deepest questions, and he will say "no". Although he can say no and appear aware of the deepest questions, he cannot offer anything that supports his linear position. He can only create an illusion of independence, by being the cynic. I am using inference and experience.
Sorry about the ExChemist name calling. He is another person who does the same thing. You seemed to be the same person, or cast from the same mold. My suggestion is try to teach, instead of just say "no". and then appeal to emotions.
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Unlike the dross you post, my postings here do teach.
For example they teach that adding alcohol to water reduces the surface tension- unlike you who said it raised it.
I teach that alcohol causes permanent damage to the brain unlike you who says
Long term alcohol abuse can impact the brain and mind as equilibria shifts. This can be reverse by simply stopping the alcohol equilibrium.
And yet you say that I'm the one who makes basic errors in chemistry.
Yet, when I ask you to cite an example, you can't.
If it looks to you like I always say "NO", maybe that's because- as in the actual real examples which I can quote- you are wrong.
If you want to claim that you teach, first, you must learn.
And the bit about "appeal to emotions is particularly stupid when it comes from the fool who thought that name calling would work.
So, before you do anything else, you should actually answer my point (or accept that you simply lied)
What basic chemistry do you think have I got wrong?
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Natural and faith healing often involve command lines to the brain to impact the control system.
And they often don't work...
That is true because the command lines are deeper than the surface. To get that deep is not easy.
On the other hand, a more do-able goal is connected to a positive attitude. A positive attitude has been shown to be helpful to healing, compared to stress and a negative attitude. Both attitudes begin in the brain. They have a longer term impact on the water-oil equilibrium. This is not as quick as a command line tweak. However, it gradually leads to the same place.
The bogeyman approach is creating added fear and irrational stress that is not helping the immune response. We need to create a rational perspective to help moderate this induction with some common sense. It needs to be based on reason, which is calmer.
For example, if we compare all the leading causes of death, and how much we spend on each, we can see whether we are getting the most bang for the buck. We do not spend $trillions on heart disease, even though this is the leading cause of death. We could save even more lives than corona virus, if this was the main enemy and recipient of all the resources. If all lives are equally important, why not put all the money where the most lives can be saved?
The question becomes, why is a Corona Virus infected life worth more than a heart disease life, if we are told that all lives are precious? It has to do wth the bogeymen affect. The bogeyman affect is brain based induction which can be used to inflate the lessor of two evils and cause more than realty stress. If fake news hyped heart disease as much as the corona virus, everyone would be hiding in their houses, to save their hearts, until a cure is found. All else beinh equal, we could double the number of lives we could save by changing priority based on live saved. I guess saving life is not the real goal of the corona virus spending, since the math does not support this assumption.
If we add stress to a person, their muscles will become more tense, and their body will need to burn more calories, compared to them being calm, relaxed and happy. Stress adds more fuel to the blood. While muscular stress adds lactic acid to the muscles. These add to the oil side of the equilibrium, within the water-oil analogy. it is very loosely similar to the impact of diabetes Both add to the blood reduction potential, making it easier for the virus and harder to heal.
In the USA, data shows that Democrat run states average almost 3 times the mortality rates compared to Republican run states. Eight of the top ten death states, are run by Democrats with the other two in the top ten being swing states, where Democrat influence is strong. One may ask id there is a neural based correlation?
The Democrats in the USA is far more angry, fearful, and stressed compared to the Republicans.. All you need to do is watch fake news and then a Trump rally, which the bogeyman now forbids. Lying and propaganda takes more effort to perpetuate, than does telling the truth. The truth is fast and easy and the truth can defend itself. Lying takes many layers to hide, confuse and spin. It appears the extra mortality may have come down to the extra stresses of the Democrats, feeding the oil side, thereby lowering the immune response.
We have a good opportunity to watch both neural approaches at work. The places that reopen for the summer will have happier people. This will help the water side. Places that make everyone hide with fear, from both the inflated evil of the virus, and the terrible boot of big brother, will be more stressed. This will favor the oil side. We can let this play out and see what happens.
I would prefer help those in Democrats controlled states, but I have no power against the boot of big brother and the influence of fake news and lying politicians. In 2017, a wide range of top level Obama officials, said under oath, that there as no Trump collusion with Russia. This was tucked way as a classified document that was not supposed to be opened under Trump. The same people then lied about the collusion for two years, on fake news. Fake news does not get upset about this revelation. They continuing to lie. It is up the Democrat base to pick health or pick sickness. They need otchoose what enters their minds and influences their bodies. This is like Passover and the path of faith in truth will save you. The other is path is where the bogeyman is, where you will be counted as a statistic in the fall. I have to speak out to save lives.
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They have a longer term impact on the water-oil equilibrium.
How?
The question becomes, why is a Corona Virus infected life worth more than a heart disease life,
It isn't.
Nobody said it was.
The current precautions- telling people to stay home- do not particularly benefit those with the disease.
What is important (and the reason for the lockdown) is stopping it spreading.
Since heart disease isn't infectious, your comparison is silly.
Please don't waste more bandwidth on it.
The political stuff is irrelevant.
So, before you do anything else, you should actually answer my point (or accept that you simply lied)
Quote from: Bored chemist on Today at 12:54:48
What basic chemistry do you think have I got wrong?
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I was reading the news and an article suggested that new data is saying that many deaths from Corona Virus are now being attributed to blood clots. This is not unexpected, in terms of a water side analysis. The oil people, on the other hand, were taken by surprise. This virus has been tough on the oil people but a intermedia level application for the water people.
In terms of a water side analysis for the clotting, the very beginning paragraphs of this topic will set the stage for you. Further detailed background can be found in the topic "Are water and organics copartners in life".
The surface of the Corona virus is covered in spikes. Their radial orientation, that are separated from each other and perpendicular to the surface, tells me these spikes are connected to the water side of the water-oil equilibrium. The spikes help set up a stable state of cooperative hydrogen bonding, by which they can generate the activation free energy reservoir needed for cell entry. To enter, they need a lock and key way, to break the cooperative, and release the stored free energy at the surface of the host.
In terms of blood clotting, as more and more virus enter body fluids, such as mucous and the blood, the equilibrium is pushed more toward the water side.. This is due to the spikes and their hydrogen bonding cooperative nature. The impact is that the organics in the blood, such as clotting factors now start to create too much surface tension at equilibrium, and will start to phase separate out into larger clumps or clots. It we take olive oil and water,and shake these, they will form an emulsion. If we let it settle, the olive oil beads into larger and larger bubbles; clotting.
The larger Corona story appears to be something like this. Medical conditions that add to much oil side to the blood, such as diabetes; glucose, or obesity; body fat, become counter productive to the surface cooperative hydrogen bonding, that wants to form on the corona spikes. The virus induces the cooperative hydrogen bonding, but his is less stable at equilibrium. This makes it easier to release their stored free energy, so the virus can enter cells easier; stronger oil side push for entry.
Once the virus starts to multiply, their ever increasing numbers begin to have an accumulative water side impact on the reduced blood. This starts to cause clotting to lower the surface tension. Excess blood glucose, for example, in diabetes, adds reduction potential or oil side potential to he blood. However, glucose cannot clot or phase separate due to its high solubility. The heavy lifting, needed for equilibrium, is delegated onto the clotting factors, which are designed to separate and clot based on water equilibria.
When you get a cut on your finger, nerves and blood vessels are cut. The open nerve endings send water side signals; ionic, to the cut zone. This will temporarily alter the local water-oil equilibrium, toward the water side and trigger clotting. The accumulating clotting then shifts the local equilibrium back toward the oil side. This is useful for cell proliferation. The brain continues to send fine tuning signals to the cut, from an ideal back copy of a body blue print, within the brain, spine and nervous system. The brain is engaged in 3-D printing of new cells to restore the original as close as possible.
It is too bad all the resources are going the "OIL people" and nothing to the "WATER people".