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No, there isn't a single equation in classical chemistry that predicts exactly how many atoms will bond together to form a molecule like H2. However, there are fundamental principles and calculations in quantum mechanics that can explain why hydrogen forms a diatomic molecule (H2) and why some elements form single atoms or larger molecules.Here's why a simple equation isn't enough:Quantum mechanics rules the game: The behavior of electrons at the atomic level is governed by the principles of quantum mechanics. These principles describe the probabilistic nature of electrons occupying orbitals around the nucleus.
Can it be described in a single paragraph?
For one, a pair of protons isn't going to randomly join together to form a single nucleus because the Coulomb barrier is too strong to overcome at common temperatures and pressures. So they remain separate. The number of nuclei dictates the total number of atoms. The electrons then arrange themselves in the lowest energy configuration around those nuclei.
I asked Gemini, Is there any equation predicting that hydrogen will produce diatomic molecules?
Quote from: hamdani yusuf on 08/04/2024 13:26:43I asked Gemini, Is there any equation predicting that hydrogen will produce diatomic molecules?Why not try asking a textbook, or a scientist?
Quote from: hamdani yusuf on 08/04/2024 13:17:00Can it be described in a single paragraph?I did here:Quote from: Kryptid on 06/04/2024 19:00:54For one, a pair of protons isn't going to randomly join together to form a single nucleus because the Coulomb barrier is too strong to overcome at common temperatures and pressures. So they remain separate. The number of nuclei dictates the total number of atoms. The electrons then arrange themselves in the lowest energy configuration around those nuclei.The Pauli exclusion principle goes a long way towards telling you how those electrons will be arranged, as you can't have more than two electrons per orbital (electrons are fermions, so no two of them can have identical quantum numbers).
Gemini has read various publicly available online sources, and can make conclusions accordingly. It answers specific questions almost immediatelyimmediately, including the follow up.
Textbooks typically don't answer specific questions.
Scientists typically don't answer specific questions from strangers.
What is molecular orbital theory and how does it work? Are you confused about frontier orbitals, HOMO and LUMOs? These concepts and more are explained with examples and animations.
Not the textbooks I read as an undergraduate. I acquired a usefully explanatory and predictive knowledge of molecular orbitals and some of my contemporaries went on to design and synthesise useful molecules for a living. You can write an n-dimensional equation on a piece of paper with no problem.
So far, the only relevant AI output you have quoted in this thread was wrong.
No, there isn't a single equation in classical chemistry that predicts exactly how many atoms will bond together to form a molecule like H2.
Schroedinger, with a dash of Pauli.
The best way to overturn an established theory is to come up with a better theory. Either by being more generally applicable, or by being simpler by using less assumptions.
Schroedinger and Pauli.Monatomic hydrogen is stable (it doesn't collapse or decompose) but extremely reactive, forming H2 if there's nothing more interesting to combine with. Having a complete (Schroedinger) and fully populated (Pauli) σ orbital, H2 is not inclined to bond with another H atom to form H3.