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If there is more than one mass other than the test mass, there is at least one point where the net gravitational field is zero. Just sum the vectors and look carefully!
Will there be a conclusion/resolution concerning the question, in our lifetime?
So we now have the suggestion that increasing the temperature of the groundlevel clock will remove the observed discrepancy between it and the clock at altitude. But it doesn't, because electron state transitions within an atom are not temperature-dependent for a given state - remember what I said about spectral lines in # 513 above.That's quantum mechanics. Time is measured by quantum transitions of bound electrons. Black body photons are a continuum produced by oscillation of free electrons. Each photon has a discrete energy but there are no forbidden or preferred energies - the definition of blackbody radiation! The reason for cooling cesium clocks is to reduce thermal (black body!) noise, Doppler jitter, and interference from nearby unwanted near-ground-state transitions that might be excited thermally: the hyperfine splitting is a very weak signal to be detected against a background of all sorts of irrelevant stuff.
Do you believe that by rambling incoherently you can mesmerise your victims, sorry audience, into submission?
Chris - I watched a Horizon program on Dark Energy last year where physicists were saying in light of Dark Energy remaining a complete mystery, that perhaps a new approach is required...Among those physicists was George Efstathiou from Cambridge University.Do you know him?
The electrons of the blackbody emitted frequencies are free electrons.The electron transitions occurring in the atoms of the blackbody that are associated with a photon being emitted are bound electrons.
In the case of the blackbody, all that 'jitter' caused by inputting energy causes the bound electrons to increase in the frequency of their transitions.
As the energy input is increased the fact that electron transition frequency is increasing is clearly illustrated in the fact the radiation emissions are increased in frequency.
(what we actually say is that blackbody radiation is emitted by free electrons - it makes more sense).
Nothing to do with transitions, which are a feature of quantised energy levels. Free electrons can have any energy, and lose it in any quantity, thus radiating a continuum.
There is no jitter in blackbody radiation. It is a continuum, not a line spectrum.
The reason for cooling cesium clocks is to reduce thermal (black body!) noise, Doppler jitter, and interference from nearby unwanted near-ground-state transitions that might be excited thermally:
:Sci-techMicrowave ovens use radio waves at a specifically set frequency to agitate water molecules in food. As these water molecules get increasingly agitated they begin to vibrate at the atomic level and generate heat.
please correct me if I am wrong,
Why does it make more sense?
However, please correct me if I am wrong, but...The birds eye overview of the physics situation is that there are a multitude of differing means to accurately calculate a multitude of differing circumstances, but there isn't a means by which one method of calculation can describe all circumstance.
The electrons of the blackbody emitted frequencies are free electrons.
The first sentence is almost true (what we actually say is that blackbody radiation is emitted by free electrons -
Compare what you said "emitted frequencies are electrons" with what Alan said "radiation is emitted by free electrons". I think you will agree there is a huge difference.
QuoteJim is wrong on that point.Polar time at sea level is the same as equatorial time at sea level. It's a case of two wrongs making a right.Yes that is what Jim said, and what I wrote.
Jim is wrong on that point.Polar time at sea level is the same as equatorial time at sea level. It's a case of two wrongs making a right.
You cannot say this...Quote(The change in gravity due to the bulge is canceled by centripetal acceleration....and then say this:QuoteSR doesn't come into play because these observers are stationary with respect to one another and with respect to the center of mass....because you have contradicted yourself.
(The change in gravity due to the bulge is canceled by centripetal acceleration.
SR doesn't come into play because these observers are stationary with respect to one another and with respect to the center of mass.
The centripetal acceleration (SR) at the equator exactly cancels out the change in gravity (GR) at the equator *for an observer* at the equator because *the observer* at sea level at the equator is moving in space faster than *the observer* at sea level at a polar location is. This is 'how' the change in gravity (GR) is cancelled by the centripetal acceleration (SR).
I have *highlighted* the term *the observer* above for a reason:QuoteWith regards to point #2, mass has nothing to do with it. It's all about ground speed (i.e. SR) and altitude (i.e. GR.)Without mass being involved, what exactly are we stating as having a ground speed (SR) and altitude (GR)?It would be impossible to measure either SR or GR effects without a mass being involved.
With regards to point #2, mass has nothing to do with it. It's all about ground speed (i.e. SR) and altitude (i.e. GR.)
Therefore:Suggesting that time dilation for mass is a physical reaction caused by the conditions of the local, and that these SR and GR time dilation effects that are affecting mass are not related to the sequential events of the local...Because, as you have said:QuoteIf all of the busybodies meet at the pub at sunset, each will have aged by a different amount. Everyone will agree that the sun has indeed set; they just won't agree about the elapsed time since sunrise.Where the elapsed time between sunrise and sunset (on any particular day) is an invariant amount of time, but the busybodies have experienced that invariant amount of time (associated with that calendar day) differently to each other.The point being that despite the busybodies experience of their own time, the *actual amount* of time that has passed from sunrise to sunset (that day) remains the same.This is illustrated in post 488 by asking the mobile phone app to display both the Relativity app time as to the phones location and speed, and the synchronised time that all mobile phones in UK display as a norm.To give an idea of direction, I am discussing these matters with a view to examining what the rate of time is doing where m=0, such as the spaces in the universe where mass is absent.
If all of the busybodies meet at the pub at sunset, each will have aged by a different amount. Everyone will agree that the sun has indeed set; they just won't agree about the elapsed time since sunrise.
Or alternatively (lol) the much shorter version:But Alan - the radiation emitted from the blackbody may be a continuum, but the energy additions are not...Planck had to quantise the energy additions to fit the data.
QuoteMicrowave ovens use radio waves at a specifically set frequency to agitate water molecules in food. As these water molecules get increasingly agitated they begin to vibrate at the atomic level and generate heat.This is a far cry from what the microwave beam is doing when it excites the cesium atoms of the atomic clock to produce a set frequency of photon but the principle is the same The microwave beam exciting the cesium atom causes the atom to vibrate (electron transitions?) at a set frequency by adding energy, and a frequency of photon is emitted by the atom.
Microwave ovens use radio waves at a specifically set frequency to agitate water molecules in food. As these water molecules get increasingly agitated they begin to vibrate at the atomic level and generate heat.
The clock when placed in a higher potential has a higher frequency of electron transitions than the lower clock does when observed by the lower clock, and the higher clock observes that the clock in the lower potential is running slow.
In keeping with the GR prediction that time runs faster in the higher potential, and in keeping with the GR prediction that one's own clock will appear to be ticking normally.
However, a higher frequency of electron transitions requires an increase in energy level, unless one is just saying that time runs faster out in space, (why and how one just cannot explain), but I am suggesting, as an alternative, that an energy increase can be realised by considering potential energy.
Quote from: timey on 08/04/2017 21:46:09Or alternatively (lol) the much shorter version:But Alan - the radiation emitted from the blackbody may be a continuum, but the energy additions are not...Planck had to quantise the energy additions to fit the data.No he didn't. Temperature is not quantised, nor is the thermal energy of a black body.
Planck had imposed the quantization of the energy of the oscillators, "a purely formal assumption … actually I did not think much about it…" in his own words,[8]but one which would revolutionize physics. Applying this new approach to Wien's displacement law showed that the "energy element" must be proportional to the frequency of the oscillator, the first version of what is now sometimes termed the "Planck–Einstein relation":EhfPlanck was able to calculate the value of h from experimental data on black-body radiation: his result, 6.55×10−34 J⋅s, is within 1.2% of the currently accepted value.[6] He was also able to make the first determination of the Boltzmann constant kB from the same data and theory.[9]
the quantization of the energy of the oscillators
the "energy element" must be proportional to the frequency of the oscillator,