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...Gyrocompasses are basically navigation aids. Gyroscopes don't like to change direction, so if they are mounted into a device that allows them to move freely (low friction gimbal). Then when the device is moved in different directions the gyroscope will still point in the same direction. This can then be measured and the results can be used in similar ways to a normal compass. But unlike a standard magnetic compass is not magnetic environmental changes and readings are move accurate. Gyrocompasses are commonly used in ships and aircraft. http://www.gyroscopes.org/uses.asp
...The Instrument Landing System adds glide-slope, or elevation information. Commonly called the ILS, it is the granddaddy of them all when it comes to getting down close to the ground. In every sense it is a precision approach system and with the most sophisticated equipment it can guide you right down to the runway—zero Decision-Height and zero visibility. If you jumped to this point of the website without proceeding through the earlier sections, I strongly recommend that you return to the Air Navigation section and review the sections on VFR Sectional Charts, IFR enroute low altitude charts, and the basics of plotting a course. Further, you should go to the NDB Approaches/Approach Plates section and read the basics of Instrument Approach Plates, now called Terminal Procedures.... http://www.navfltsm.addr.com/ils.htm
KNOT(Nautical Mile per Hour) Most common measure of aircraft speed equaling 6,080 feet or about 1.15 miles. (For mph, multiply knots by 1.15.)
...HMS Queen Elizabeth will be the first of the Royal Navy's two new Queen Elizabeth class aircraft carriers and is scheduled to enter service in 2014.[1]Queen Elizabeth and her sister ship (Prince of Wales) will be the largest warships ever built in the United Kingdom. They are multi-purpose carriers that can adapt to complete multiple roles. It will be capable of carrying 40 aircraft (the F-35B Lightning II) or 25 Chinook helicopters, a major capability upgrade from the current Invincible class carriers.The ships will be built in four sections, at Portsmouth, Rosyth, Barrow-in-Furness, and on the Clyde, by BAE Systems and VT Group before being assembled on the Clyde.[2]
Karman Theodore von http://www.galcit.caltech.edu/graphics/history/vonKar.jpghttp://maartenrutgers.org/science/turbulence/photos/slow.jpghttp://joas.free.fr/studies/karman/images/presstotturb.jpgTheodore von Kármán (18811963). Professor of Aeronautics 19301949. First Director of GALCIT, 19301949. In 1926 von Kármán was invited to Caltech to give talks on aerodynamics, and review plans for the new wind tunnel. In 1928 he returned to Caltech for an exchange semester, and finally joined the Institute in 1929 as a research associate in aeronautics. In 1930, he was appointed professor of aeronautics and Director of GALCIT. Among his accomplishments were the first computation of drag for a supersonic projectile; application of dimensional analysis to turbulent flow, the log-law and Kármán constant for turbulent boundary layer velocity distribution (law of the wall); fundamental studies on turbulence; the discovery of the similarity law of transonic flow; and the use of stiffened panels in aircraft construction.He spent most of his time in Washington after 1942. Stepped down as director in 1949 and became professor emeritus. In 1962, at age 81, he was awarded the first National Medal of Science, bestowed in a Whitehouse ceremony by President John F. Kennedy. On his characteristic of never declining a lecturing opportunity, he once joked "I can never pass up the opportunity to dominate the conversation for an entire hour."from: http://www.galcit.caltech.edu/history/index.html http://www.lbl.gov/Science-Articles/Research-Review/Highlights/1998/images/CS_flaw_prop.jpghttp://media.nasaexplores.com/lessons/04-011/images/vortex.jpg