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  4. Can sound travel faster in space?
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Can sound travel faster in space?

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Offline EvaH (OP)

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Can sound travel faster in space?
« on: 05/01/2021 11:41:55 »
Jamie asks:

Can sound travel faster in space?

Can you help?
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Offline Galileo1564

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Re: Can sound travel faster in space?
« Reply #1 on: 05/01/2021 12:00:05 »
I always thought that sound is compression waves traveling through air. Is there any air (or any other medium) in the space that you are asking about?
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Offline alancalverd

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Re: Can sound travel faster in space?
« Reply #2 on: 05/01/2021 12:09:15 »
Sound cannot travel at all in space.
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Offline Halc

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Re: Can sound travel faster in space?
« Reply #3 on: 05/01/2021 13:44:47 »
Quote from: Galileo1564 on 05/01/2021 12:00:05
I always thought that sound is compression waves traveling through air. Is there any air (or any other medium) in the space that you are asking about?
Sound is a wave of some kind (compression or transverse for instance)  through any medium, not necessarily air.  So sound moves more quickly through water or a steel bar, but quite slowly through a slinky.
The OP presumably is asking about the speed of sound through a vacuum, and the answer is indeed that sound does not travel through a vacuum. Hence the common phrase: "In space, nobody can hear you scream".

Sound does travel (else nobody could hear each other), and travel is by definition movement through space, so I'd not choose to word it that sound cannot travel through space. But the phrase above would probably not have been as sexy if worded "In a vacuum, nobody can hear you scream".
« Last Edit: 05/01/2021 13:49:13 by Halc »
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Offline evan_au

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Re: Can sound travel faster in space?
« Reply #4 on: 05/01/2021 23:37:04 »
Quote from: OP
Can sound travel faster in space?
In general, sound travels faster in a less compressible medium, so Diamond is faster than Steel is faster than Water is faster than Air, and you would expect that this is faster than a Vacuum (if speed was defined at all, in a vacuum).
- There are other parameters that affect the speed of propagation, like temperature and density
- In a gas, there is a concept called the Mean Free Path, which determines the highest frequency that can propagate through the medium (attenuation is much higher above this frequency)

In fact, the interplanetary medium in the Solar System is not a perfect vacuum, as it contains the solar wind (with an extremely low density: nanoPascals at the distance of the Earth, compared to Earth's surface at 100kPa).
- The Mean Free Path of the solar wind is of order 10,000km, which is enough for particles to (occasionally) interact on their way from Sun to Earth
- So there are some very low frequency sounds (far too low for the human ear) that can be carried by disturbances in the solar wind
- Especially shock waves from Coronal Mass Ejections from the Sun
See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_wind#Properties_and_structure
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_free_path#Kinetic_theory_of_gases

There is also a turbulent zone where the solar wind runs into the interstellar medium, which has been encountered by the two Voyager spacecraft. But the pressures here are far lower than at Earth's orbit, and any frequencies would be lower again.
See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere
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