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You can levitate diamagnetic objects, which is a particular class of objects, with a strong magnetic field (see the frog video I posted above, or CliffordK's discussion of water). This kind of field wouldn't levitate all matter (it would suck in ferromagnetic objects, for example).
There are two other common kinds of magnetic properties exhibited by materials: ferromagnetism and paramagnetism. Ferromagnetism is the most common, and is responsible for why many metals seem attracted to magnets. Paramagnetism is much weaker, but also is responsible for the attraction of materials to magnets. Diamagnetism is actually a repulsive force, which is why you can levitate objects with a strong enough field. Generally materials have one primary property: ferro-, para- or diamagnetism. The others tend to be negligible. So if you created a magnetic field to repel diamagnetic materials, you'd end up attracting ferro- or paramagnetic materials. If you knew that someone was only shooting diamagnetic materials at you, you might be able to do something about, but if there were any ferromagnetic materials in the vicinity, they'd be sucked right into your field, since ferromagnetism tends to be a much stronger effect than diamagnetism.
I don't know all of those materials, but some of them are definitely ferromagnetic. So they wouldn't be repelled by a strong magnetic field. They'd be attracted. In that case, your magnetic shield could consist of a giant magnet sitting next to you, to deflect the projectiles towards it, rather than having them hit you.A superconductor is strongly repelled by a magnet. A classic experiment in college-level physics is to place a magnet over a superconductor and show that it levitates there. This is also the idea behind maglev trains. Of course, to rely on this, you'd have to be having your enemy firing superconducting bullets at you.
Nope. The only problems are when something that's magnetized goes by.
Having looked at the video about the force "wall" in the plastics plant, I can only conclude that something very remarkable has happened. Unfortunately, it is unclear what. One difficulty I have with the description is the notion that a field could hold air in a rigid configuration while it still remains a gas. That sounds like a contradiction. If air were held that tightly, it would condense, I would think, and take on the appearance of a visible mass of transparent material such as ice or water. It would basically liquify or freeze in place. Nothing like tht was reported. Another mystery is why, with forces this powerful, there were not lightning bolts shooting all over the place. None are reported. I think that the phenomenon in the plant needs to be studied more thoroughly; we simply don't know what happened.
I think I know what you are saying , the world of atoms are basically negative not positive. Our bodies and materials dont have a positive charge on them. So if one can generate a negative ion field a person or even a charged object would become negatively charged thus like chargers repel a force field. Now flip it the other way even in a positve charge filed a material ether n/p will become positve eventually once again like particials repel. If I took a piece of foil and wrapped a piece of plastic in it , the material would be effected by a magnetice field.