[iko]

Que sera sera  (Naval Aircraft)

 

http://www.nasa.gov/images/content/159488main_TMIE_Oct_southpole_220.jpg
http://www.nsf.gov/news/mmg/media/images/on-deck_f1.jpg

...

 October 31, 1956: The U.S. Navy R4D (Douglas DC-3) aircraft "Que Sera Sera" became the first airplane to land and take off at the South Pole. Rear Admiral George Dufek and six others ventured out of the plane in -58 degree weather to plant the American flag.

Image: The aircraft Que Sera Sera lands at the South Pole. Navy photo taken by reporter Maurice Cutler.

http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/exploration/main/this_month_october_prt.htm

http://www.southpolestation.com/trivia/igy1/dufek1.jpg

more from:  http://www.southpolestation.com/trivia/igy1/que.html

[Karen W.]

Rain Gauges (barometers)

[Simulated]

S for sun. (ya'll know what it looks like. haha)

[neilep (OP)]

Robert Rosen (27 June 1934, - 28 December 1998, Rochester, New York) was an American theoretical biologist and professor of Biophysics at Dalhousie University.

Robert Rosen was born in 1934 in Brooklyn, New York. He studied physics and theoretical biology, and was a student of physicist and theoretical biologist Nicholas Rashevsky. He received his PhD in mathematical biology from the University of Chicago in 1959 and remained there until 1967.

In 1967 Rosen then went to the State University of New York at Buffalo, holding a joint appointment at the Center for Theoretical Biology. He came to Dalhousie University in 1975 as a Killam Research Professor in the Department of Physiology & Biophysics, and stayed here until his retirement in 1994.[1]

He was president of the Society for General Systems Research in 1980

[edit] Work

Rosen's research was concerned with the most fundamental aspects of biology. Major themes in the work of Robert Rosen were:

    * developing a specific definition of complexity
    * ensuing theoretical framework, now called "Rosennean Complexity". His main focus was the question: "what is life?" ("why are organisms alive?")

Rosen came to realize that the Newtonian model of physics - the world of mechanisms - was inadequate to describe biological systems; that is, one could not properly answer the question "what is life?" in a Newtonian formalism. Rather than biology being a mere subset of already-known physics, it turned out that biology had profound lessons for physics, and science in general.[2].

 [ Invalid Attachment ]

[Karen W.]

[size=07pt](Neily what comes after "S"...T.....HEE HEE HEE...)[/size]

[neilep (OP)]

Grrrrrrrrrrr !!!!

[Simulated]

Grrrrrrrrrrr !!!!

hhaha

[iko]

Thunder  (sound barrier)

A friend of mine sent me an email containing images similar to the ones below.

Is this for real or is someone having a really good time with photoshop?

...more supersonic pics here!

http://www.airshowaction.com/picweek.html

[Karen W.]

Universe

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


The Universe is defined as the summation of all particles and energy that exist and the space-time in which all events occur. Based on observations of the portion of the Universe that is observable, physicists attempt to describe the whole of space-time, including all matter and energy and events which occur, as a single system corresponding to a mathematical model.

The generally accepted scientific theory which describes the origin and evolution of the Universe is Big Bang cosmology, which describes the expansion of space from an extremely hot and dense state of unknown characteristics. The Universe underwent a rapid period of cosmic inflation that flattened out nearly all initial irregularities in the energy density; thereafter the universe expanded and became steadily cooler and less dense. Minor variations in the distribution of mass resulted in hierarchical segregation of the features that are found in the current universe; such as clusters and superclusters of galaxies. There are more than one hundred billion (1011) galaxies in the Universe,[1] each containing hundreds of billions of stars, with each star containing about 1057 atoms of hydrogen.

Other ways of exploring and describing the origin and evolution of the universe include religious cosmology and philosophical cosmology.

[iko]

Variometer

   


http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Gleitschirmvario.jpg/100px-Gleitschirmvario.jpg
http://www.expandingknowledge.com/Jerome/PG/Skill/All/J_Tips/Image/BAD_FullStall_Maintained_VL_1998_10_p25.jpg

[Karen W.]

Wind velocity (apparent wind)

From Wiped, the free encyclopedia




Apparent wind is the wind experienced by a moving object.



In sailing, the apparent wind is the actual flow of air acting upon a sail, or the wind as it appears to the sailor. It differs from the true or prevailing wind seen by a stationary observer in velocity and direction. In nautical terminology, these properties of the apparent wind are expressed in knots and degrees.

[edit] Definition of apparent wind

The Apparent wind is the wind experienced by an observer in motion and is the relative velocity of the wind with respect to the observer, who is moving.

Apparent wind is the vector sum of the True Wind Velocity and the air stream generated by an "object's Velocity over ground"[1] This is the Inverse (mathematics) of the objects actual velocity or more succinctly the apparent wind is defined as the Velocity of the wind minus the Velocity of the object.

[edit] Calculating velocity and angle

A = \sqrt{((H+W*cos(a))^2 + (W*sin(a))^2)}

Where:

    * H = head wind
    * W = true wind velocity
    * a = true pointing angle in degrees (0 = upwind, 180 = downwind)
    * A = apparent wind velocity

The angle of apparent wind (b) can be deducted from the measured boat and wind speeds using the inverse cosine in degrees (AcosD)

b = AcosD((H+(W*cos(a))/\sqrt{((H+W*cos(a))^2 + (W*sin(a))^2)})

[edit] Instruments

The apparent wind on-board is often quoted as a speed measured by a masthead transducer containing an anemometer and wind vane that measures wind speed in knots and wind direction in degrees relative to the heading of the boat. Modern instrumentation can calculate the true wind velocity when the apparent wind and boat velocity are input.

[edit] Implications on sailing speeds

In sailboat racing, and especially in speed sailing, apparent wind is a vitally important factor, when determining the points of sail a sail-boat can effectively travel in. A vessel travelling at increasing speed relative to the prevailing wind will encounter the wind driving the sail at a decreasing angle and increasing velocity. Eventually, the increased drag and diminished degree of efficiency of a sail at extremely low angles will cause a loss of accelerating force. This constitutes the main limitation to the speed of wind-driven vessels and vehicles.

Windsurfers and certain types of boats are able to sail faster than the true wind. These include fast multihulls and some planing monohulls. Ice-sailors and land-sailors also usually fall into this category, because of their relatively low amount of drag or friction.

[edit] Other areas of relevance

In fixed-wing aircraft, apparent wind is what is experienced on-board and it determines the necessary speeds for take-off and landing. Aircraft carriers generally steam directly upwind at maximum speed, in order to increase apparent wind and reduce the necessary take-off velocity. Land-based airport traffic generally take off and land facing upwind for the same reason.

[iko]

Yankee Air Museum

http://www.richard-seaman.com/Aircraft/AirShows/YankeeAirMuseum2005/Highlights/YankeeLadyAndNineONine.jpg

more details from:    http://www.richard-seaman.com/Aircraft/AirShows/index.html#Tom2006

[neilep (OP)]

Zefram Cochrane



Dr. Zefram Cochrane was a Human scientist in the 21st century, an eccentric genius, and the inventor of warp drive on Earth.

Cochrane was born in 2032. During the 2060s, he lived in Bozeman, Montana in North America, where he and his team of engineers began developing warp drive and finally built Earth's first warp ship, the Phoenix. After Cochrane's historic first warp flight on April 5, 2063, the Vulcans established first contact with Humanity, thereby ushering in a new era of prosperity for mankind.

 [ Invalid Attachment ]

[Karen W.]

Algorithm
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithm


In mathematics, computing, linguistics, and related disciplines, an algorithm is a definite list of well-defined instructions for completing a task; that given an initial state, will proceed through a well-defined series of successive states, eventually terminating in an end-state.

The concept of an algorithm originated as a means of recording procedures for solving mathematical problems such as finding the common divisor of two numbers or multiplying two numbers. A partial formalization of the concept began with attempts to solve the Entscheidungsproblem (the "decision problem") that David Hilbert posed in 1928. Subsequent formalizations were framed as attempts to define "effective calculability" (cf Kleene 1943:274) or "effective method" (cf Rosser 1939:225); those formalizations included the Gödel-Herbrand-Kleene recursive functions of 1930, 1934 and 1935, Alonzo Church's lambda calculus of 1936, Emil Post's "Formulation I" of 1936, and Alan Turing's Turing machines of 1936-7 and 1939.

[Alandriel]

What happened to the X ?? You know, the one between W - Y.....  []

Boötes / Bootes    or  BOO for short  [] / The Bear Driver ~ The Boatsman



Some say that Boötes is the most ancient constellation in the sky. Indeed, it has been reconized by numerous cultures in slightly different forms. Even the Greeks were not clear on its history. The first reference to the name Boötes comes from "The Odyssey" by Homer almost three millenia ago.
In one of his most popular incarnations, he is called the Hunter and, with his Hounds (Canes Venatici), he eternally circles the Bears, Ursa Major and Ursa Minor, around the North Pole. In fact, the brightest star in Boötes is Arcturus, which can be loosely translated as "Bear Guard."

He is also called the Herdsman and his journey around the pole represents his task of keeping the celestial beasts together.

Another legend says that Bootes was the son of Zeus and Callisto. Hera changed Callisto into a bear who was almost killed by Boötes when he was out hunting. Luckily, she was rescued by Zeus and he took her into the sky where she is now Ursa Major, the Great Bear.

Yet another myth says that he was the son of Demeter, the goddess of agriculture. Supposedly he was given a place in the sky for inventing the plow.

Named Stars
ARCTURUS (Alpha Boo)
Nekkar (Beta Boo)
Seginus (Gamma Boo)
IZAR (Epsilon Boo)
Mufrid (Eta Boo)
Asellus Primus (Theta Boo)
Asellus Secondus (Iota Boo)
Asellus Tertius (Kappa 2 Boo)
Alkalurops (Mu 1 Boo)
Merga (38 Boo)


I mean....really........ mu Boo  [] whoever......  [] []

[Karen W.]

UH OH IKO'S TURN! LOL!

Colloidal silver
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colloidal_silver


Colloidal silver is a colloid of silver particles in water. It has antimicrobial properties and was, in the past, used on external wounds and burns to prevent infection. Some alternative-health practitioners claim that it is a beneficial nutritional supplement. Others also claim that it is a powerful antibiotic[1] which is relatively safe for human consumption, though this is disputed because of the risk of argyria,[2] a permanent blue or gray skin condition which is otherwise benign. The intake of some silver products in large quantities over long periods of time has caused argyria in some people,[3][4][5][6][7] though at dosage levels generally considered normal, the risk for argyria is low.
Contents

[iko]

Delta wing

Vortex Breakdown on a Delta Wing



http://www.onera.fr/photos-en/simulations/images/Delta10.jpg

source:    http://www.onera.fr/photos-en/simulations/delta-sillage.php

[neilep (OP)]

Elion Gertrude B.


Gertrude Belle Elion (January 23, 1918 – February 21, 1999) was an American biochemist and pharmacologist, and a 1988 recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Born in New York City to Jewish immigrant parents, she graduated from Hunter College in 1937 and New York University (M.Sc.) in 1941. Unable to obtain a graduate research position due to her gender, she worked as a lab assistant and a high school teacher, before becoming an assistant to George H. Hitchings at the Burroughs-Wellcome pharmaceutical company (now GlaxoSmithKline). She never obtained a formal Ph.D., but she was later awarded an honorary Ph.D from George Washington University.

Working alone as well as with Hitchings, Elion developed a multitude of new drugs, using innovative research methods that would later lead to the development of the AIDS drug AZT. Rather than relying on trial-and-error, Elion and Hitchings used the differences in biochemistry between normal human cells and pathogens (disease-causing agents) to design drugs that could kill or inhibit the reproduction of particular pathogens without harming the host cells.

Elion's inventions include:

    * 6-mercaptopurine (Purinethol), the first treatment for leukemia.[1]
    * Azathioprine (Imuran), the first immuno-suppressive agent, used for organ transplants.
    * Allopurinol (Zyloprim), for gout.
    * Pyrimethamine (Daraprim), for malaria.
    * Trimethoprim (Septra), for meningitis, septicemia, and bacterial infections of the urinary and respiratory tracts.
    * Acyclovir (Zovirax), for viral herpes.

In 1988 Elion received the Nobel Prize in Medicine, together with Hitchings and Sir James Black. Other awards include the National Medal of Science (1991) and the Lemelson-MIT Lifetime Achievement Award (1997). In 1991 she became the first woman to be inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame.

Gertrude Elion died in North Carolina in 1999, aged 81. She had moved to the Research Triangle in 1970, and for a time served as a research professor at Duke University. She was unmarried.

[JimBob]

Gout

Caused by the retention of uric acid in the body which then causes crystals of this substance in the joints, tendons, and causing inflammation of these tissues.

Thought to be hereditary. Eating purines, found in organ tissue (sweet meats) and asparagus and processed food such a sausage, adds a lot of purines to the diet.

[iko]

Fuselage

http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=93544&rendTypeId=34