[iko]

Rickets

               
http://www.rad.washington.edu/maintf/cases/unk42/images/legs.jpg
http://graphics.boston.com/bonzai-fba/Globe_Photo/2004/04/20/1082464098_6093.jpg
http://www.discoveriesinmedicine.com/images/mdis_0000_0003_0_img0147.jpg
http://www.mmaonline.net/Publications/MNMed2005/November/Images/sun.gif

ikod   [^]

[neilep (OP)]

Science in the broadest sense refers to any system of objective knowledge. In a more restricted sense, science refers to a system of acquiring knowledge based on the scientific method, as well as to the organized body of knowledge humans have gained by such research. This article focuses on the latter sense of the word.

Fields of science are commonly classified along two major lines:

    * Natural sciences, which study natural phenomena
    * Social sciences, which study human behavior and societies

Whether mathematics is a science is a matter of perspective. It is similar to other sciences in that it is a careful, systematic study of an area of knowledge — specifically, it focuses on a priori knowledge. Mathematics as a whole is vital to the sciences — indeed, major advances in mathematics have often led to major advances in other sciences. Certain aspects of mathematics are indispensable for the formation of hypotheses, theories, and laws, both in discovering and describing how things work (natural sciences) and how people think and act (social sciences).

Science as defined above is sometimes termed pure science in order to differentiate it from applied science, the latter being the application of scientific research to human needs.

[Karen W.]

Tectonic Plates

[iko]

Urokinase

           

http://kjronline.org/figure/sv5n2134fig1c.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/1VJA.png/220px-1VJA.png

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Urokinase
Urokinase (Abbokinase), also called urokinase-type Plasminogen Activator (uPA), is a serine protease (EC 3.4.21.73). Urokinase was originally isolated from human urine, but is present in several physiological locations, such as blood stream and the extracellular matrix. The primary physiological substrate is plasminogen, which is an inactive zymogen form of the serine protease plasmin.
Activation of plasmin triggers a proteolysis cascade which, depending on the physiological environment participate in thrombolysis or extracellular matrix degradation.
This links urokinase to vascular diseases and cancer.

Clinical applications
Urokinase is used clinically as a thrombolytic agent in the treatment of severe or massive deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, and occluded intravenous or dialysis cannulas. Recently, Alteplase has replaced urokinase as a thrombolytic drug in infarction.

[Karen W.]

Valency = A figure that describes the number of hydrogen atoms that an atom of any element may combine with.

[eric l]

Tetonic Plates

I suppose you mean "tectonic plates" - unless you mean "Teutonic plates" which would be something like "German dishes" (such as "Sauerkraut mit Eisbein").

[iko]

Wheatstone bridge

       
http://physics.kenyon.edu/EarlyApparatus/Electrical_Measurements/Wheatstone_Bridge/Hampden-Sydney5.jpg
http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/education/bitesize/higher/img/physics/elect/resistors/wheatstone.gif
http://www.physics.montana.edu/demonstrations/video/5_electricityandmagnetism/demos/pics/wheatstonebridge2.JPG

Wheatstone Bridge

Curiously enough, the Wheatstone Bridge was not invented by Charles Wheatstone (1802-1875), but by Hunter Christie.
However, Wheatstone was responsible for popularizing the arrangement of four resistors, a battery and a galvanometer, and gave Christie full credit in his 1843 Bakerian Lecture. Wheatstone called the circuit a "Differential Resistance Measurer." 
   And how to draw Wheatstone's Bridge? Wheatstone himself used the familiar diamond pattern in his Needle Telegraph; it has been suggested that his set of Blue Willow pattern china, with the cross-hatching on the arched bridge forming part of its decorations, suggested the shape to him. 

for further reading click here:

http://physics.kenyon.edu/EarlyApparatus/Electrical_Measurements/Wheatstone_Bridge/Wheatstone_Bridge.html

[Karen W.]

X -Ray telescopes

[iko]

Y protein

Changes in neuropeptide Y protein expression
following photothrombotic brain infarction and epileptogenesis

Kharlamov EA, Kharlamov A, Kelly KM.
Department of Neurology, Allegheny-Singer Research Institute, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

This study characterized morphological changes in the cortex and hippocampus of Sprague-Dawley rats following photothrombotic infarction and epileptogenesis with emphasis on the distribution of neuropeptide Y (NPY) expression. Animals were lesioned in the left sensorimotor cortex and compared with age-matched naive and sham-operated controls by immunohistochemical techniques at 1, 3, 7, and 180 days post-lesioning (DPL). NPY immunostaining was assessed by light microscopy and quantified by the optical fractionator technique using unbiased stereological methods. At 1, 3, and 7 DPL, the number of NPY-positive somata in the lesioned cortex was increased significantly compared to controls and the contralateral cortex. At 180 DPL, lesioned epileptic animals with frequent seizure activity demonstrated significant increases of NPY expression in the cortex, CA1, CA3, hilar interneurons, and granule cells of the dentate gyrus. In addition to NPY immunostaining, neuronal degeneration, cell death/cell loss, and astroglial response were assessed with cell-specific markers. Nissl and NeuN staining showed reproducible infarctions at each investigated time point. FJB-positive somata were most abundant in the infarct core at 1 DPL, decreased markedly at 3 DPL, and virtually absent by 7 DPL. Activated astroglia were detected in the cortex and hippocampus following lesioning and the development of seizure activity.
In summary, NPY protein expression and morphological changes following cortical photothrombosis were time-, region-, and pathologic state-dependent. Alterations in NPY expression may reflect reactive or compensatory responses of the rat brain to acute infarction and to the development and expression of epileptic seizures.

Brain Res. 2007 Jan 5;1127(1):151-62.

[Bass]

Zeolite

[Karen W.]

Albert Einstein

[huwston]

nikola tesla crazy fool. super genious though.

[Karen W.]

Hey what happened to B through M []


Bacteria

[iko]

Curcumin


the 'panacea' of the new century!
go to 'spicy treatment for malaria'
topic in Physiol.&Med. for details...

ikod

[Karen W.]

Darwins Theory

[Mjhavok]

Escherichia coli


The average human gut contains about 1 kg of bacteria

[iko]

Fish Liver Oil

Liquid Sunshine

http://www.lung.ca/tb/images/full_archive/006_codLiverOil.jpg

...Near the beginning of TB treatment in sanatoria, it became known that the sun helped to kill TB bacteria (see heliotherapy). When the Sun's UV rays hit human skin, vitamin D is produced. Naturally, when cod fish were found to be rich in vitamin D, it followed that their oil was sold as "liquid sunshine" (this was a real advertisement in the Valley Echo, March 1944). Cod Liver Oil is still used in "traditional" medicine today, and as an important dietary supplement, but no real evidence exists that it helps to cure tuberculosis.

http://www.lung.ca/tb/tbhistory/treatment/

[Karen W.]

Gamete - A reproductive cell, either a sperm (male) or ovum (female).

[Bass]

Heuristics

[Karen W.]

Isotope