[iko]

Uveitis

http://www.kellogg.umich.edu/theeyeshaveit/red-eye/images/anterior-uveitis.jpg

[neilep (OP)]

Varicose veins are veins that have become enlarged and twisted. The term commonly refers to the veins on the leg, although varicose veins occur elsewhere. Veins have leaflet valves to prevent blood from flowing backwards (retrograde). Leg muscles pump the veins to return blood to the heart. When veins become enlarged, the leaflets of the valves no longer meet properly, and the valves don't work. The blood collects in the veins and they enlarge even more. Varicose veins are common in the superficial veins of the legs, which are subject to high pressure when standing. Besides cosmetic problems, varicose veins are often painful, especially when standing or walking. They often itch, and scratching them can cause ulcers. Serious complications are rare. Non-surgical treatments include elastic stockings, elevating the legs, and exercise. The standard surgical treatment is vein stripping to remove the affected veins. Newer surgical treatments are less invasive but have not been tested as thoroughly. Since most of the blood in the legs is returned by the deep veins, and the superficial veins only return about 10%, they can be removed without serious harm.[1][2] Varicose veins are distinguished from telangiectasias and spider veins, which have similar symptoms and treatment, but do not involve valvular insufficiency.

[iko]

Weber carburator

  
http://www.zarattini.com/dino/carburatore1.jpg
http://www.schumacher-fanclub.com/media/1937-tazio-nuvolari-get-well-telegram-weber-carburatori-01.jpg

[Karen W.]

Xanthoma = A small tumor,esp of the skin,formed by a deposit of lipids, often in a soft rounded, yellowish mass

(new world Dictionary of the american language ,second college Edition, Simon and Shuster) delux color edition

[neilep (OP)]

Yucca
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


The yuccas comprise the genus Yucca of 40-50 species of perennials, shrubs, and trees in the agave family Agavaceae, notable for their rosettes of evergreen, tough, sword-shaped leaves and large terminal clusters of white or whitish flowers. They are native to the hot and dry parts of North America, Central America, and the West Indies.


Yuccas have a very specialized pollination system, being pollinated by the yucca moth; the insect purposefully transfers the pollen from the stamens of one plant to the stigma of another, and at the same time lays an egg in the flower; the moth larva then eats some of the developing seeds, but far from all.

Yuccas are widely grown as ornamental plants in gardens. Many yuccas also bear edible parts, including fruits, seeds, flowers, flowering stems, and more rarely roots, but use of these is sufficiently limited that references to yucca as food more often than not stem from confusion with the similarly spelled but botanically unrelated yuca.

The "yucca flower" is the state flower of New Mexico. No species name is given in the citation.





 [ Invalid Attachment ]

[Karen W.]

Zincography = The art or process of engraving or etching on zinc plates for printing

[iko]

Aspergillus fumigatus

   
http://www.mycology.adelaide.edu.au/gallery/photos/aspergillus10.gif
http://www4.umdnj.edu/cswaweb/rad_teach/images/pri_asp_04.jpg

[neilep (OP)]

Ballpoint pen
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


A ballpoint pen (also eponymously known in British English as a biro and pronounced bye-row in Britain but sometimes bee-row elsewhere), is a modern writing instrument. A ballpoint pen has an internal chamber filled with a viscous ink that is dispensed at the tip during use by the rolling action of a small metal sphere (0.7 mm to 1.2 mm in diameter); the ink dries almost immediately after contact with paper. Inexpensive, reliable and maintenance-free, the ballpoint has almost completely replaced the fountain pen in everyday


 [ Invalid Attachment ]
Ballpoint pen, disassembled
(top) and complete (bottom)

 [ Invalid Attachment ]
An authentic
"birome", made
in Argentina by
 Biro & Meyne

 [ Invalid Attachment ]
The tip of a common d
isposable ballpoint pen.
 The ball, with blue ink
on it, can be seen. The
white scalebar is 1mm long.

 [ Invalid Attachment ]
Ballpoint pen rolling
 over a paper surface,
 leaving behind a trail
 of ink.

[iko]

Cockpit

http://homepages.uni-tuebingen.de/student/wilfried.dolderer/Cockpit.jpg

[paul.fr]

Diode

Semiconductor electronic component. Ideally, a diode conducts electricity in one direction and does not allow the current to flow in the opposite direction. Thanks to this property diodes are used to rectify alternating currents, i.e., to convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC).

[paul.fr]

Electromagnetic radiation



Electromagnetic radiation, or light, can be considered to be composed of particles (photons) or waves. Its properties depend on its wavelength: longer waves are less energetic than shorter waves - photons with long wavelength have less energy than short-wavelength photons. Electromagnetic radiation is usually described as bands of radiation of similar wavelength, e.g., infrared, radio waves, microwaves, gamma rays, X-rays... (These bands of radiation roughly correspond to the range of wavelengths which can be detected by different instruments.) Only a small fraction of the entire range of electromagnetic radiation can be detected by the human eye: visible light, or what in everyday-life is referred to simply as light. The human eye cannot detect wavelengths longer than those of the visible light, such as those of infrared light, microwaves (wavelengths of centimetres), or radio waves (wavelengths of metres). Wavelengths shorter than visible light cannot be seen either: ultraviolet light, X-rays, gamma rays (the most energetic). Electromagnetic radiation can be described in terms of wavelength (L), measured in metres (m), or frequency (f), measured in hertz (Hz). The relationship between these two is given by: f = L/c where c= speed of light.

[iko]

FET  (Field Effect Transistor)

   
http://www.hobbyprojects.com/field_effect_transistor/images/nfet.gif
http://ece-www.colorado.edu/~bart/book/mesfet.gif

Field effect transistor

Large power N-channel field effect transistorThe field-effect transistor (FET) is a transistor that relies on an electric field to control the shape and hence the conductivity of a 'channel' in a semiconductor material. FETs are sometimes used as voltage-controlled resistors. The concepts related to the field effect transistor predated those of the bipolar junction transistor (BJT). Nevertheless, FETs were implemented only after BJTs due to the simplicity of manufacturing BJTs over FETs at the time.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:        http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_effect_transistor 

[neilep (OP)]

Gram
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


The gram or gramme (Greek/Latin root grámma); symbol g, is a unit of mass.

Originally defined as "the absolute weight of a volume of pure water equal to the cube of the hundredth part of a meter, and at the temperature of melting ice"[1] (later 4 °C), a gram is now defined as one one-thousandth of the SI base unit, the kilogram, or 1×10−3 kg, which itself is defined as being equal to the mass of a physical prototype preserved by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures.


 [ Invalid Attachment ]

BIC pen cap, about 1 gram.

[paul.fr]

Hubble

From the Europen Space Agencys' Website

About Hubble
History: How Hubble Came About
The Earth's atmosphere is the bane of astronomers. The idea of sending a telescope into space to avoid it was first proposed long before the first satellites were launched, long before anyone even dreamt of sending astronauts to space.


German rocket scientist Herman Oberth was a pioneering thinker of his time and suggested a space bound telescope as early as 1923 in his book "Die Rakete zu den Planeträumen". A space telescope avoids frustrating problems such as cloudy and misty observing nights, the twinkling of stars even on clear nights and absorption of the ultraviolet and infrared parts of the spectrum.

It took many years before technology caught up with Oberth's idea. The American Lyman Spitzer proposed a more realistic plan for a space telescope in 1946 and lobbied for his idea for almost 30 years. In the 1970s NASA and the European Space Agency took up the idea and proposed a 3 metre space telescope. Funding began to flow in 1977 and it was decided to name the telescope after Edwin Powell Hubble who had discovered the expansion of the Universe in the 1920s. Although the Hubble Space Telescope was down-sized to 2.4 metres the project started to attract significant attention from astronomers.

The precision-ground mirror was finished in 1981 and the assembly of the entire spacecraft was completed in 1985. The plan called for a launch on NASA's Space Shuttle in 1986, but just months before the scheduled launch the Challenger disaster caused a year long delay of the entire Shuttle programme. Hubble was finally launched in 1990 and the tension built up as astronomers examined the first images through Hubble's eyes.

As in all good adventures, success does not come easily: it did not take more than two months to realise that Hubble's mirror had a serious flaw. A focusing defect prevented Hubble from taking sharp images - the mirror edge was too flat by a mere fiftieth of the width of a human hair. Over the next months scientists and engineers from NASA and ESA worked together and came up with a superb corrective optics package that would restore Hubble's eyesight completely.

A crew of astronauts carried out the repairs necessary to restore the telescope to its intended level of performance during the first Hubble Servicing Mission (SM1) in December 1993. Although the two subsequent servicing missions were at least as demanding in terms of complexity and workload, SM1 captured the attention of both astronomers and the public at large to a degree that no other Shuttle mission since has achieved. Meticulously planned and brilliantly executed, the mission succeeded on all counts. It will go down in history as one of the highlights of human spaceflight. Hubble was back in business.

Since SM1 three other Servicing Missions have been carried out: during SM2 in 1997 two new instruments were installed, in SM3A, 1999, many of Hubble's crucial technical systems were exchanged, and in 2002 came SM3B when Hubble again got new science instruments.

The final planned Servicing Mission will be in 2008, when Servicing Mission 4 is scheduled to upgrade Hubble's scientific capabilities again.

[iko]

Internet

http://history.cit.nih.gov/exhibits/galleries/posters/big/Internet.jpg

[neilep (OP)]

Robert Jarvik
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


Jarvik was born in Midland, Michigan to Dr. Norman Eugene Jarvik and Edythe Koffler Jarvik and raised in Stamford, Connecticut. [1]

Jarvik is a graduate of Syracuse University. He later worked at the University of Utah.

Jarvik is married to Parade magazine columnist Marilyn vos Savant, who was long regarded as having the world's highest IQ. They live together in New York.

Starting in 2006, Jarvik has been appearing as a spokesman for Pfizer Pharmaceutical's cholesterol medication Lipitor.

Artificial heart

Jarvik worked jointly with William J. Kolff of Stamford, Connecticut on the Jarvik-7.

Ultimately, what came to be known as the Jarvik-7, the name associated with this development, was in fact the final product of the collaboration of many researchers who came before him, and their contributions to this project. One area of research was conducted at the Cleveland Clinic, which was later upgraded to the Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, a new, independent arm of the hospital, where crucial elements of the fully implantable organ were produced. [citation needed]

The first implanting of the Jarvik-7, into retired dentist Barney Clark, took place at the University of Utah. The next several implantations of the Jarvik 7 heart were conducted by Humana, a national hospital chain. The second patient, Bill Schroeder, survived 620 days.

Later, Jarvik formed Symbion, Inc. to manufacture the heart, but he lost the company in a hostile takeover. He then founded Jarvik Heart, Inc., and began work to create the Jarvik 2000, a lifetime ventricular assist device.

[iko]

Knock-out gene technology

 
http://www.csu.edu.au/faculty/health/biomed/subjects/molbol/images/10_31.jpg
http://www.ccmb.res.in/aboutus/facilities/inject1.jpg

[paul.fr]

Leonardo da Vinci



Perhaps even more impressive than his artistic work are his studies in science and engineering, recorded in notebooks comprising some 13,000 pages of notes and drawings, which fuse art and science. He was left-handed and used mirror writing throughout his life. Explainable by fact that it is easier to pull a quill pen than to push it; by using mirror-writing, the left-handed writer is able to pull the pen from right to left.

His approach to science was an observatory one: he tried to understand a phenomenon by describing and depicting it in utmost detail, and did not emphasize experiments or theoretical explanations. Throughout his life, he planned a grand encyclopedia based on detailed drawings of everything. Since he lacked formal education in Latin and mathematics, Leonardo the scientist was mostly ignored by contemporary scholars.

He participated in autopsies and produced many extremely detailed anatomical drawings, planning a comprehensive work of human and comparative anatomy. Around the year 1490, he produced a study in his sketchbook of the Canon of Proportions as described in recently rediscovered writings of the Roman architect Vitruvius. The study, called the Vitruvian Man, is one of his most well-known works.

[iko]

Moebius ring

http://www.mediafusion.nl/system/vsd/DSCN9418_small_mobius.jpg

[jolly]

neodymium.lol