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When you face the history of chemistry then I will consider your point of view as being valid. As it is you just cannot discuss the possibility of an alternate explanation without getting defensive. Do not get me wrong, when you live in a glass house and we all do, everyone is afraid of touching anything. We all know our stuff is in disarray.
I have stated thoroughly that I have a limited understanding of chemistry. Especially since they changed the formulas on substances that were in my chemistry lab. Everything from ammonia, sodium azide, ammonium nitrate, nitric acid, nitric oxide and a lot more, were taught to me differently than they are labeled now. The company that manufactured them was a pioneer in chemistry Mallinckrodt, try to find a sixties, seventies or early eighties bottle of Mallinckrodt ammonia. In my area every chemistry class had one. The formula was NO2 and it was called anhydrous because exposing it to air created a potent brown gas, and heat. It was very hungry for water. However it was stable enough that it only created a small amount of pressure that we had to relieve with the bottle upright before opening it. I would not consider it strong ammonium hydroxide this stuff was potent and in search of water unlike what we call ammonium hydroxide . However it was not pure ammonia. Pure ammonia under heat and pressure can slice an arm or leg off in under a second. So we used the reagent grade ammonia from Mallinckrodt to experiment with in the lab. It was understood it was not pure ammonia even though it was called anhydrous ammonia. In reactions it could yield pure ammonia. To give you an idea of how crazy this subject is, I have had a doctor and an FBI agent that went to school in my area, pass out, as they recalled chemistry class and what we were taught the formula for ammonia was. I warned the FBI agent after the doctor went down, but he dared me to explain it to him, and down he went. His partner said to shut up. I realized later that many people in my area remembered the formula for ammonia as NO2 and when I told them that it is now NH3 some went down and out. Some passed out when they realized they remembered it both ways which is just a form of crazy.
When we were kids we had calcium carbide canons for fun. We knew that you can use acetylene or naphtha to create massive detonations nearing the strength of atomic weapons or toping them depending on volume. The volume of the usually hemispherical core of the explosion is too great to dissipate through the limited surface area of the hemispherical core or spherical core. Causing near atomic detonation when accidents occur, and atomic detonation when experts detonate them. Yet chemists often claim that calcium carbide is only mildly dangerous. And acetylene only a flammable gas. It has been the cause of lab accidents many times over the years. Yet it is always a surprise to the chemist. The recent explosion in China which I have been warning people about for years and years, was not only foreseen it was just a matter of time before it happened. Why? Because chemists deny reality from my own personal interaction with them. The army used to train a ten man team to go into a country and use industrial and farm supplies to create weapons of mass destruction right in the country. In case our country had been the target of a first strike nuclear war. At least we could even the playing field. Acetylene can be used to create explosions much more powerful than Hiroshima. Yet many people will often mindlessly use it because the chemist does not face it.
"When you face the history of chemistry then I will consider your point of view as being valid."Not a problem then.I initially learned chemistry from my dad's old textbooks- and those were printed on tatty paper because there was a war on. So, my understanding of chemistry goes back a decade or two before your magic bottles from Mallinckrodt with the wrong formulae on them.The formula of ammonia was well established (and had to be so) before Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch invented the process for making it.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haber_processSo there's absolutely no way that the bottle could have been labelled as NO2 except by a gross mistake.This "Everything from ammonia, sodium azide, ammonium nitrate, nitric acid, nitric oxide and a lot more, were taught to me differently than they are labeled now." just does not make sense.You say " The company that manufactured them was a pioneer in chemistry Mallinckrodt, try to find a sixties, seventies or early eighties bottle of Mallinckrodt ammonia. In my area every chemistry class had one. The formula was NO2 and it was called anhydrous because exposing it to air created a potent brown gas, and heat.."Well, ammonia just does not do that.On the other hand nitric oxide does- but nitric oxide is a gas so there's no way you would keep it in a bottle.But a bottle of conc nitric acid will generate small amounts of nitric oxide- enough to make brown fumes in air.So it looks to me as if you are muddling stuff up." Pure ammonia under heat and pressure can slice an arm or leg off in under a second. "True- so can water or air.So what?"To give you an idea of how crazy this subject is, I have had a doctor and an FBI agent that went to school in my area, pass out, as they recalled chemistry class and what we were taught the formula for ammonia was. I warned the FBI agent after the doctor went down, but he dared me to explain it to him, and down he went. His partner said to shut up. I realized later that many people in my area remembered the formula for ammonia as NO2 and when I told them that it is now NH3 some went down and out. Some passed out when they realized they remembered it both ways which is just a form of crazy. "That's either poor memory or poor teaching."You have to understand on my Island we were at the cutting edge of everything"no you were not."As far as potassium permanganate being a neurotic, where do you get this stuff from?"I said it was neurotoxic- please learn the difference.Anyway, it's a well documented property of the stuff, and it has been for near 200 years.- so much for the idea that you were at the cutting edge.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganism"It has been used in drinking water"Yes- it has. You add permanganate to impure water. The impurities get oxidised - which tends to kill bugs- and the manganese in the permanganate is reduced to MnO2 which you filter off before you send the water on to the pipes.You don't have significant quantities of manganese left in the water. (On an emergency basis you can just about get away without filtering it. But it's risky. Boiling the water would be a better bet.)" it is an absorbent in military gas masks or was."Yes, it is- but they don't expect you to eat the gas mask. The air gets passed over the KMnO4 and the impurities in it get "burned". But the Mn never leaves the gas mask's filter.Why did you think that was relevant?" It was as I stated sold by pharmacists, in oral dose form for radiation poisoning. "Possibly- but if it was then that was fraud."Potassium with a radio active catalyst will yield argon when subjected to an ARC. " No it will not (and I have a feeling that you lost that argument before somewhere on this site)"We knew that you can use acetylene or naphtha to create massive detonations nearing the strength of atomic weapons or toping them depending on volume. "No it will not"Yet chemists often claim that calcium carbide is only mildly dangerous. And acetylene only a flammable gas."It's well documented that acetylene is explosive. No competent chemist would say otherwise."Acetylene can be used to create explosions much more powerful than Hiroshima."Hypothetically- if you got enough of it.The same is true of petrolAre you aware that all this stuff you are posting makes you sound like Grandpa Simpson?
" However you did not comment on potassium permanganate being used as a method of decontamination for radioactive contamination of the skin."Would you like me to?OK potassium is radioactive.It would border on madness to use it to seek to remove radioactivity.Also, permanganate is rather corrosive to skin (Not to mention staining it brown/ black).It's possible that they might once have used it.So what?That does not mean that it works.It certainly does not mean that it forms a pale hydrate."I am fighting a knowledge blackout, you on the other hand are just quoting common sources. "It is unfortunate that your knowledge has blacked out.However the reason I'm citing common sources is that they are easy to cite.What I am actually relying on is a vast experience of chemistry. I have been playing this game professionally for 28 years: I studied it at Oxford for 4 years before that and at school for many years before that- as I said- starting at home with my dad's old text books.So, what I cite here isn't really the point.When I point out that you must be wrong about a pale permanganate- because permanganates are not pale, it is simple logic."That always omit the history of the chemistry or chemical compound. "Chemicals do not remember history.What you are purporting to claim is that "way back" we somehow knew more chemistry than we do now.How is that possible?If the old books don't agree with the new observations, guess which one is wrong?You have this "The fact that solid sodium hydroxide contains free water as well as sodium oxide tells me that it is not a stable compound we are looking at." completely the wrong way roundIt is a stable compound and it does not contain the oxide.You are misunderstanding a proximate analysis in that old book you cited.So when you say "It is a transitioning mix and partial crystallization. According to your definitions. ", again, you are completely wrong.Sodium hydroxide is a single chemical compound; it is not a hydrate of the oxide."I ordered some potassium permanganate and I will see if I can produce some lavender crystals of potassium permanganate using controlled temperature and a vacuum pump. I imagine the oral does must have been very small to create a lavender crystal. "Have fun.You will of course fail.that's because it's impossible.If it was something that pharmacists did in order to make some preparation then it would be written down.I'd be able to find it on line- so would you.I'd be able to find it in my old pharmacopoeias. I have paper copies because I collect that sort of data.It's not there.If this stuff was some sort of patent medicine then (the hint is in the name) there would be a patent.The best reason for it to only be in your head is that you dreamed it.And, once you start introducing stuff about "we know that air burns if hot enough"(It does not)"usually because it is separated to its individual atoms"(No it isn't.)"early submarine launched rockets""So yea we knew things that others to this day by way of the "laws" of conservation claim could not have existed. " (Those conservation laws are mathematically proven to be true)"This was in the fifties,""My point is the Habor process is a fusion reaction""That works much like a ramjet""if you have looked at taxation ...""I believe the ramjet that detonated air, started to create high voltage from the pressure differential created by the Venturi, that in turn created a plasma that expanded the air violently. ""I have electrically created plasma in pure nitrogen, and oxygen. Both react rather violently. "and other such ramblings, you look like Grandpa Simpson.//www.youtube.com/watch?v=-o-7MmhqNfAbecause it's got nothing to do with permanganates.
OK, it's going to be a long list of wrongness if I correct all of that so I will just get a few of teh more eye-catching ones"If you believe that there is no perpetual motion, explain how a liquid filled planet like earth could spin. It takes a massive amount of horse power to spin a molten mass the size of earths molten core. For a proof spin a raw chicken egg and a hard boiled chicken egg on a hard flat surface. Note the way that the raw egg refuses to spin like the hard boiled egg. "Try it in zero gravity- like the Earth is.The forces acing on the egg arise from a number of effects, but teh competition between bits of the egg trying to sink and bits trying to spin is one of the issues.Also, you are ignoring the frictional forces that occur between the egg and the table or whatever.Those have no counterpart in the case of a planet."Throw in a bunch of imaginary sub-matter particles and you have the chaos we live in. "So 'imaginary' that you can see them.http://video.mit.edu/watch/cloud-chamber-4058/"Here in my country they put it right on the table. They said they will use our military to destroy our homes if we continued to display real science. "I presume that you have no evidence of that."There is no such thing as potassium-40 what you have is a radioactive element mixed in with the potassium. I would bet that centrifuge could remove such contamination. "Nope, but a mass spectroscope can be used to prove that the stuff with a mass of 40 is the radioactive bit.You could try it easily enough- all you need is some "lo salt", a centrifuge, and a Geiger counter.Of course, if a centrifuge is a problem (and I can see it would be awkward) why not just show that the radioactivity drops when you recrystallise the stuff.Let me know how that goes.
What you are seeing there in the cloud chamber are not single particles in my opinion. More than likely you are watching, the effect some unknown amount of particles had on atoms in the chamber. In any case the simplicity of understanding that it takes a lot of particles to effect an atom enough to create light, is something they understood a long time ago. The science community conceded a long time ago that the universe does not permit us to see a sub-matter particle, ever. It is just the scale and the actual workings of the universe that make this notion impossible. Real scientists moved on years ago. Crazy people in my opinion pursue the dream. As some that do not understand time think time changes in one frame as opposed to another.
Time is only the observation of moving objects in the universe, compared to other moving objects in the universe. Time is relative to the observer. So if one person lived on a planet that spun faster, and they did all the things that needed to be done in a day in less time, than a person living on a slower rotating planet. After a while the guy on the faster planet would be moving faster. The guy on the faster planet might age more because he is working harder doing more work in the same amount of time. But only because his days are shorter. Time if measured against a third relatively unchanging clock would only show that each of the two planets days are of different length.
The major difference between the Earth and your spinning egg-zample is that the Earth is *already* spinning.Sure, it's harder to get a raw egg to start spinning that to get a boiled egg to start spinning. But once you've gotten them spinning, it's also harder to *stop* the raw egg from spinning (for the exact same reason!)
Then your opinion does not align with observations. Cloud chambers are excellent ways of visualizing subatomic particles. It was never established that subatomic particles cannot be seen, because people SAW them before they knew what they were...
The two nearly identical chicken eggs one raw, one hard boiled, both laid on a hard flat surface, and then spun on the same surface rule out the surface as a variable. If you actually do the experiment you will see that the liquid filled or gelatin filled raw egg does not spin willingly. While the solid hard boiled egg spins like a top. The soft boiled egg when you attempt to spin it stops itself. The reason is that in order to spin it, a volute pattern is developed within the raw egg. The pattern is actually nearing the thickness of the atoms that make up the raw egg. Each layer in the volute pattern must rub against the next layer underlying it. This creates friction. This is what stops the egg. The countertop is not a variable we need to explain away to prove the above. Sincerely, William McCormick
Quote from: William McC on 13/09/2016 03:11:37The two nearly identical chicken eggs one raw, one hard boiled, both laid on a hard flat surface, and then spun on the same surface rule out the surface as a variable. If you actually do the experiment you will see that the liquid filled or gelatin filled raw egg does not spin willingly. While the solid hard boiled egg spins like a top. The soft boiled egg when you attempt to spin it stops itself. The reason is that in order to spin it, a volute pattern is developed within the raw egg. The pattern is actually nearing the thickness of the atoms that make up the raw egg. Each layer in the volute pattern must rub against the next layer underlying it. This creates friction. This is what stops the egg. The countertop is not a variable we need to explain away to prove the above. Sincerely, William McCormickThe conservation of angular momentum is unusual in physics in that it has been proven to be true. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noether%27s_theoremThere's no way it's wrong- so you must be.The counter-top is important because that's what the angular momentum is transferred to. There isn't an equivalent in the case of the spinning Earth."The science community conceded a long time ago that the universe does not permit us to see a sub-matter particle, ever. "and yet we do.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinthariscopeand the scientific community knows it. Why don't you?