[mxplxxx (OP)]

Time is not a requirement in most computer programs. If is is required, it is done via a Timer event  or a Wait function. Time in Reality is merely perception (of which we know little) which, in turn, depends on the level of abstraction that the perceiving system exists at.

Which may explain the effect perceived time has on physical healing. See https://scienceblog.com/541370/perceived-time-has-an-actual-effect-on-physical-healing/?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email

It is highly likely that time and consciousness are equivalent or, at least, that time is an aspect of consciousness. i.e. Time is a concept that is biological in nature.

[mxplxxx (OP)]

4dAbstractions works on Abstraction Hierarchies.e.g.in 4dRacing, a betting Pool is an abstraction hierarchy of Meetings, Races and Runners.

The New function in Visual Basic will create an abstraction hierarchy.

e.g. New (Meetings as list(of Meeting.System), Races as list(of Race.System), Runners as list (of Runner.System))

It takes relatively primitive lists and converts them into the relatively complex and much more useful Pool.System abstraction hierarchy.

This parallels the process in Reality that converts primitive DNA strands into complex Proteins via a Ribosome.

Is a Protein an abstraction hierarchy? Don't know, but suspect this is highly likely.

I have been trying, unsuccessfully, to use my 4dAbstractions software to simulate a protein. After much Googling, I have come to the conclusion that we don't know how a protein functions, so simulating it is out of the question.

As far as I can work out, a protein performs a similar function in Reality to a function call in a computer program where an object is passed. e.g.  Datastore. Save(me) in 4dRacing.

I will be trying to design a simulation using this insight and the possibility that a protein is driven by a State Machine that functions only in 2D. In this situation, the Subsystems in the Protein System are Polypeptides and each Polypeptide is a collection of Amino Acid residues, where the Amino Acid residues contains transitions. The folding process will convert the 2D Polypeptides to a 3D folded protein.

BTW Reality's version of an Abstraction Hierarchy is linear. This is also true for 3D versions of 4dAbstractions. Thus, a 3D version of a Polypeptides chain is linear and contains headers and footers that differentiate items in the chain. Which gives rise to the possibility that Reality is basically 1D in nature (something that is predicted by the Big Bang Theory).

[Origin]

I will be trying to design a simulation using this insight and the possibility that a protein is driven by a State Machine where the Amino Acid sequence contains transitions

That doesn't seem like it would be any help at all in measuring the energy of a photon.

[hamdani yusuf]

I have been trying, unsuccessfully, to use my 4dAbstractions software to simulate a protein. After much Googling, I have come to the conclusion that we don't know how a protein functions, so simulating it is out of the question.

Have you looked into Alpha Fold?
Perhaps it will give you a glimpse of the complexity of the problem.

[mxplxxx (OP)]

I have been trying, unsuccessfully, to use my 4dAbstractions software to simulate a protein. After much Googling, I have come to the conclusion that we don't know how a protein functions, so simulating it is out of the question.

Have you looked into Alpha Fold?
Perhaps it will give you a glimpse of the complexity of the problem.

Thanks for that. I am interested "how" a protein works rather than its structure (although I can see the two are related).

I suspect Reality is a 2d System. The 3d aspect of reality is likely to be a temporary thing (hence the present!) that happens mainly to validate 2d configurations. The fact the we see in 3D is because we interpret a 2D view as 3D.

So, I will be working with proteins mainly in 2d and, most likely, they will form parts of abstraction hierarchies as a specialised form of a 4d System that also has State Machine capabilities..

[mxplxxx (OP)]

4dAbstractions software works on abstraction hierarchies; in a top-down fashion for function calls (.I.e.. imperative) and in a bottom-up fashion for events (i.e. reactive).

The following article re brain architecture supports the possibility that this type of architecture is ubiquitous in Reality.

https://scienceblog.com/541768/mit-study-reveals-universal-brain-patterns/?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email

I am currently trying to simulate a protein in 4dAbstractions. I am experimenting with a design where an entry in a  protein polypeptide chain links/bonds with the bottom system of a 4dAbstraction hierarchy and delivers events to the hierarchy (i.e. in a bottom-up fashion) and processes function calls from the hierarchy (i.e. in a top-down fashion). Similar to what happens with a protein in Reality.

[mxplxxx (OP)]

I am currently trying to simulate a protein in 4dAbstractions. I am experimenting with a design where an entry in a  protein polypeptide chain links/bonds with the bottom system of a 4dAbstraction hierarchy and delivers events to the hierarchy (i.e. in a bottom-up fashion) and processes function calls from the hierarchy (i.e. in a top-down fashion). Similar to what happens with a protein in Reality.

It seems to me that proteins supply Reality with the equivalent of the  computer science Inheritance functionality.

 e.g. a Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP).protein would inherit a cAMP.molecule. (which in turn inherits a cAMP.System, which in turn inherits a 4dSystem) I.e.. a cAMP.protein is a type of cAMP.molecule.

The Amino Acid  residue chain in the cAMP.protein likely supplies data to the functions of the cAMP.molecule, probably in much the same way as DNA  does in the creation of a protein via a Ribosome.

Actually, a cAMP.Protein is probably better off inheriting a 4dProtein system. And a cAMP.Protein.Star (the centre system of a cAMP.Protein) will contain a reference to a  cAMP.System. More work needed on this. 

[hamdani yusuf]

I suspect Reality is a 2d System. The 3d aspect of reality is likely to be a temporary thing (hence the present!) that happens mainly to validate 2d configurations. The fact the we see in 3D is because we interpret a 2D view as 3D.

I don't think that 3D space is just a matter of perspective without physical significance.
Let's start with 1 kg of polymer clay, and form it into a ball. Measure its diameter.
Then break it down into 8 pieces equally, 125 gram each. Form them into balls. Measure their diameter.
You'll get their diameter to be a half of the original ball.
Since the density of the clay hasn't changed, the volume of one small ball is 1/8 the volume of original large ball, while its diameter is 1/2 the diameter of original large ball. The mass is proportional to diameter cubed, which is a power of 3.

[mxplxxx (OP)]

I don't think that 3D space is just a matter of perspective without physical significance.

I didn't say that. What I said was "The 3d aspect of Reality happens mainly to validate 2d configurations.".

Most of the functionality of 4dAbstractions happens at a 2d level. After a change to a 2d System, a "Render" function will convert it to 3d, then to Raster or Vector graphics, and display the result. Any problems in this process and the change to the 2d System will be invalidated. Something similar may be happening in Reality.

A 4dAbstractions App contains top-level systems Driver.System, Display.System, Data.System and Datastore.System.

The 4dCar.App (a self-driving car) will contain a Driver.System controlling the car, a Display.System displaying the car's Controls and current state of the car, a Data.System containing the car database, and a Datastore.System containing a hard copy of the car database.

The App works by the Driver.System virtually pressing the controls managed by the Display.System to drive the car. The Display.System responds by changing the car database (managed by the Data.System). The Data.System, in turn, updates the Display.System which, in turn, updates the display to reflect the change(s) and passes on the changes to the Driver.System.

Note 1: 4dAbstractions needs no change to run the 4dCar.App, which strengthens my assertion that 4dAbstractions can simulate anything in the universe.

Note 2: almost all of the universe is empty space. Thus it makes more sense to compute in 2d and display in 3d.

[hamdani yusuf]

Note that almost all of the universe is empty space. Thus it makes more sense to compute in 2d and display in 3d.

Afaik, self driving Cars like Tesla see the world through several 2D cameras, which is then converted into 3D virtual world. It's just like how human drivers work.

[mxplxxx (OP)]

Note that almost all of the universe is empty space. Thus it makes more sense to compute in 2d and display in 3d.

Afaik, self driving Cars like Tesla see the world through several 2D cameras, which is then converted into 3D virtual world. It's just like how human drivers work.

Interesting.

A 4dApp would likely have no trouble driving a Tesla car. The 4d's of 4dabstractions are:

Driver (4d/time)
Display(3d/space)
Data(2d/thought)
 and
 Datastore(1d/memory)

Via function calls (imperative, top-down),  a Driver (4d) System interacts with a Display (3d) System, a Display (3d) System interacts with a Data (2d) System, and a Data (2d) System interacts with a Datastore (1d) System.

Via raising events (reactive, bottom-up), a Datastore (1d) System interacts with a Data (2d) System, a Data (2d) System interacts with a Display (3d) System, and a Display (3d) System interacts with a  Driver (4d) System.

In this scheme of things, a Driver System only interacts with 3d Systems. Which makes for easy programming when designing a Person simulation (which inherits a Driver System) where the Person is not aware of the workings of  Data (thought) or Datastore (memory) Systems.

The Punter System in 4dRacing is a type of (inherits) Driver System.

[mxplxxx (OP)]

I suspect Reality is a 2d System. The 3d aspect of reality is likely to be a temporary thing (hence the present!) that happens mainly to validate 2d configurations. The fact the we see in 3D is because we interpret a 2D view as 3D.

I don't think that 3D space is just a matter of perspective without physical significance.
Let's start with 1 kg of polymer clay, and form it into a ball. Measure its diameter.
Then break it down into 8 pieces equally, 125 gram each. Form them into balls. Measure their diameter.
You'll get their diameter to be a half of the original ball.
Since the density of the clay hasn't changed, the volume of one small ball is 1/8 the volume of original large ball, while its diameter is 1/2 the diameter of original large ball. The mass is proportional to diameter cubed, which is a power of 3.

i.e. the volume of a sphere = 4/3 * pi * radius cubed

So, what is your point.

[mxplxxx (OP)]

4dControls is a set of standard functions for use by all 4dAbstraction Systems. The functions involved are Shared, which means they can be called from any 4dSystem. In a shared function, any Systems involved need to be passed into the function.

4dControls is inheritable. So, e.g. Pool.Controls in 4dRacing inherits 4dControls and has its own set of Shared Functions as well. e.g. The Winnings. function.

Pool.System in 4dRacing contains an abstraction hierarchy of 4dSystems, and Pool.Controls allows control of all of them from a single system.

Pool.Controls also processes events from PoolRaces.System and PoolMeetings.System which are the two top-level systems in the Pool,System abstractions hierarchy. As a result of receiving an event from either of these systems, Pool.Controls.can then run a Function that depends on the type of event received.

Proteins in Reality have a structure that allow for a similar process to occur, but whether or not it does is not known. e.g. the cAMP protein contains an amino acid sidechain (R) that is bonded to the Phosphate system in the cAMP molecule.. This can allow for an electron to travel from the the cAMP molecule to the cAMP protein which can then change state as a result of receiving the electron.

Is this functionality present in Reality? Very likely. A protein works in a similar fashion. It is what makes us intelligent. I hope to show you how -  next time
.

[Bored chemist]

Is there corresponding functionality in Reality? Very likely.

Why is it likely?
What evidence do you have for any of this speculation?

[mxplxxx (OP)]

Is there corresponding functionality in Reality? Very likely.

Why is it likely?
What evidence do you have for any of this speculation?

It is likely because we don't appear to know how a protein works.

There is no evidence. It just so happens that 4dControls and Proteins appear to  do similar things in a similar manner.

[Bored chemist]

It is likely because we don't appear to know how a protein works.

Does that idea make sense to you?

We don't understand something so it's likely to be caused by the first thing some unqualified bloke on the internet dreams up.

I don't understand Swahili, but that doesn't mean it's likely to be a computer simulation.

[mxplxxx (OP)]

Does that idea make sense to you?

It is likely because we don't appear to know how a protein works.

If we knew HOW a protein worked, I would not use "likely", I would KNOW for sure.  I

[mxplxxx (OP)]

https://www.slashgear.com/otago-researchers-hold-individual-atoms-in-place-in-a-new-experiment-2161053

Which makes 3d Systems that much more likely.

in Visual Basic,

  dim OxygenMolecule = new Oxygen.Molecule(Oxygen.Atom1, Oxygen.Atom2)

Here is a VERY condensed structure of an Oxygen (O2) molecule according to 3d.

Stars are Central 3d Systems (Star as in star of the show).

Proton
    Star
    System
        Up Quark-1
        Up Quark-2
        Down Quark

Neutron
    Star
    System
        Down Quark-1
        Down Quark-2
        Up Quark

Electron
    Star (an Electron Ion)
    System (no subsystems - Electron is considered to be elementary)

Oxygen (Atom)
    Star (nucleus)
        Shell-1
            Proton-1-1
            Neutron-1-1
            Proton-1-2
            Neutron-1-2
        Shell-2
            Proton-2-1
            Neutron-2-1
            Proton-2-2
            Neutron-2-2
            Proton-2-3
            Neutron-2-3
            Proton-2-4
            Neutron-2-4
            Proton-2-5
            Neutron-2-5
            Proton-2-6
            Neutron-2-6
    System
        Shell-1
            Electron-1-1
            Electron-1-2
        Shell-2
            Electron-2-1
            Electron-2-2
            Electron-2-3
            Electron-2-4
            Electron-2-5
            Electron-2-6

Oxygen (O2)
    Star
    System
        Shell-1
            Oxygen (Atom)-1
            Oxygen (Atom)-2

https://scienceblog.com/542469/scientists-locate-the-missing-mass-inside-the-proton/?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email

Seems I have predicted this result a long time ago.

[mxplxxx (OP)]

In Reality, the central system in an Amino Acid is a Carbon Ion. In 4dAbstractions, this makes an Amino Acid a type of Carbon Atom and a Carbon electron in this system a reference (Visual Basic Byref) to a Carboxyl, Hydrogen or Amino group or a Sidechain (R). A seriously interesting possibility for Biology.

Below is the demonstration Visual Basic code for how 4Abstractions would implement CarbonLEU.; a simulation of the Leucine Amino Acid, of Reality. Note that CarbonLEU inherits Carbon.

Re Electrons, 4Abstracations treats them as a type of 4d Super System. i.e. they can operate in Shells. They can also operate as Abstraction Hierarchies where Electrons in the the bottom shell are more concrete than those in the top shells, Events in Electron shells will flow from bottom to top and function calls will flow from top to bottom. One of Electron's purposes is to function as placeholders for References to "Real" systems. So, in this case, the Reference becomes a type of Electron in order to function.

Electricity  in Reality may be a flow of References as types of Electrons and Refences will contain energy, separate form the System it references) References may also be implementations of Quantum Entanglement (changing a Reference in Visual Basic will also change the System it references and all other Reference of that System)

Code: [Select]

Namespace CarbonLEU

    ' contains classes relating to a CarbonLEU (Leucine).System

    ' CarbonLEU.System

    Public Class System
        Inherits Carbon.System ' I am a type of Carbon.System

        ' create a basic CarbonLEU.System using a local Side Chain

        Public Sub New()

            ' create Carbon.System base

            MyBase.New(Type:=eSystemTypes.CARBONLEU, SubType:=eSystemSubTypes.DATA, Star:=New CarbonLEU.Star(Id:=1, Name:="Leucine"))

            ' create Leucine amino acid systems and reference in CarbonLEU.Subsystems and CarbonLEU.Star (central system)

            With CType(Me.Star0, Star)
                .AminoRef = New AminoGroup.System(New AminoGroup.Star())
                .HydrogenRef = New Hydrogen.System(New Hydrogen.Star())
                .CarboxylRef = New CarboxylGroup.System(New CarboxylGroup.Star())
                .SideChainRef = New SideChain.System()

                ' replace electrons 1-2 of shell 2 with aminoacid references

                Me.SubSystems(0)(0) = .AminoRef
                Me.SubSystems(0)(1) = .HydrogenRef

                ' replace electrons 3-4 of shell 2 with aminoacid references

                Me.SubSystems(1)(0) = .CarboxylRef
                Me.SubSystems(1)(1) = .SideChainRef
            End With

        End Sub

    End Class

    ' CarbonLEU.Star

    <Serializable()>
    Public Class Star
        Inherits Carbon.Star

        Property Id As Integer
        Property Name As String

        Public Sub New(Id As Integer, Name As String)

            ' create inherited Carbon.Star (neutrons defaults to 7, Protons defaults = 6)

            MyBase.New()

            Me.Id = Id
            Me.Name = Name

        End Sub

        ' handle events from aminoacid subsystems (SideChain.System local, rest global)

        Public WithEvents AminoRef As AminoGroup.System
        Public WithEvents HydrogenRef As Hydrogen.System
        Public WithEvents CarboxylRef As CarboxylGroup.System
        Public WithEvents SideChainRef As SideChain.System

    End Class

    ' SideChain (different for each amino Acid)

    Namespace SideChain

        Public Class System
            Inherits _4dLibrary.System

            Public Sub New()

                ' create SideChain.System and accompanying abstraction hierarchy

                MyBase.New(Type:=eSystemTypes.SIDECHAIN, SubType:=eSystemSubTypes.DATA, Star:=New Star())

                Dim ch2 As CH2.System = Me.AddSubSystem(New CH2.System(New CH2.Star()))
                Dim ch As CH.System = ch2.AddSubSystem(New CH.System(New CH.Star()))
                Dim ch31 As CH3.System = ch.AddSubSystem(New CH3.System(New CH3.Star()))
                Dim ch32 As CH3.System = ch.AddSubSystem(New CH3.System(New CH3.Star()))

                ' handle events from top of abstraction hierarchy

                CType(Me.Star0, Star).CH2Ref = ch2

            End Sub

        End Class

        Public Class Star
            Inherits _4dLibrary.Star

            ' create SisdChain.Star

            Public Sub New()

                MyBase.New()

            End Sub


            ' handle events from CH2 subsystem (SideChain.System local, rest global)

            Public WithEvents CH2Ref As CH2.System


            ' handle a DemoEvent from CH2.System

            Private Function DemoFunction() As MsgBoxResult Handles CH2Ref.DemoEvent

                Return MsgBox("Displaying Ch2Ref.Pupose after DemoEvent received " & CH2Ref.Purpose)

            End Function


            Public Overrides Function GetKey() As String

                Return String.Empty

            End Function

        End Class

    End Namespace
End Namespace

Or Leucine as a set of central systems:

https://1drv.ms/b/s!AkkAzGDByUeBp9BqQHR8mpUzWfHVhw?e=rNFoLw

Or Leucine with AminoAcid.System as a field rather than inherited.

Code: [Select]

Namespace Leucine

    ' contains classes relating to a Leucibe Amino Acid

    Public Class System

        Inherits _4dLibrary.System

        ' create a new Leucine system

        Public Sub New()

            ' create a base system

            MyBase.New(Type:=eSystemTypes.LEUCINE, SubType:=eSystemSubTypes.DATA, Star:=New Leucine.Star(Id:=AminoAcid.Types.LEUCINE, Name:="Leucine")

            ' AminoAcid.System is acceseed via me.Subsystems

            Me.AddSubSystem(New AminoAcid.System(SideChain:=New SideChain.System(), Electron1:=New Electron1, Electron3:=New Electron2, Electron3:=New Electron3, Electron3:=New Electron3, Electron4:=New Electron4, Electron5:=New Electron5, Electron6:=New Electron6))

        End Sub

        Public AminoAcid As AminoAcid.System = Me.SubSystems0(0)

    End Class


[mxplxxx (OP)]

In 4dAbstractions everything is a system, and all systems are a type of 4dSystem. The central system of a 4dSystem is a 4dStar. Which means that a 4dStar array can occur in a 4dSystem to infinity with each 4dStar tending to be smaller than the previous.

i.e. A 4dSystem is temporal in nature and a 4dStar is infinite in nature.

This type of structure gives rise to systems that are shell-based.

So, a Solar.System contains as its central system a Pluto.Star and a Pluto.star contains as its central system a Neptune.Star and so on and so on. The Stars in this structure are the equivalent of Shells.

Can this type of structure describe Reality? I think so.